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| 2. |
- Fabian, ID, et al.
(author)
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Travel burden and clinical presentation of retinoblastoma: analysis of 1024 patients from 43 African countries and 518 patients from 40 European countries
- 2021
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In: The British journal of ophthalmology. - : BMJ. - 1468-2079 .- 0007-1161. ; 105:10, s. 1435-1443
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The travel distance from home to a treatment centre, which may impact the stage at diagnosis, has not been investigated for retinoblastoma, the most common childhood eye cancer. We aimed to investigate the travel burden and its impact on clinical presentation in a large sample of patients with retinoblastoma from Africa and Europe.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis including 518 treatment-naïve patients with retinoblastoma residing in 40 European countries and 1024 treatment-naïve patients with retinoblastoma residing in 43 African countries.ResultsCapture rate was 42.2% of expected patients from Africa and 108.8% from Europe. African patients were older (95% CI −12.4 to −5.4, p<0.001), had fewer cases of familial retinoblastoma (95% CI 2.0 to 5.3, p<0.001) and presented with more advanced disease (95% CI 6.0 to 9.8, p<0.001); 43.4% and 15.4% of Africans had extraocular retinoblastoma and distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis, respectively, compared to 2.9% and 1.0% of the Europeans. To reach a retinoblastoma centre, European patients travelled 421.8 km compared to Africans who travelled 185.7 km (p<0.001). On regression analysis, lower-national income level, African residence and older age (p<0.001), but not travel distance (p=0.19), were risk factors for advanced disease.ConclusionsFewer than half the expected number of patients with retinoblastoma presented to African referral centres in 2017, suggesting poor awareness or other barriers to access. Despite the relatively shorter distance travelled by African patients, they presented with later-stage disease. Health education about retinoblastoma is needed for carers and health workers in Africa in order to increase capture rate and promote early referral.
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| 3. |
- Kovalenko, T. M., et al.
(author)
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EFFECT OF LOW AND HIGH FAT DIETS ON THE HIPPOCAMPAL STRUCTURE IN APOE -/- KNOCKOUT MICE
- 2019
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In: Fiziologichnyi Zhurnal. - : National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Co. LTD Ukrinformnauka). - 2522-9028 .- 2522-9036. ; 65:4, s. 31-40
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The morphological and biochemical studies of the hippocampal CA1 area in ApoE-deficient mice under the conditionsof dietary intake (8 weeks) with low (LF) and high (HF) fat content were performed. Methods of immunohistochemistry, light and electron microscopy, immunoassay and morphometric as well as statistical analyses were used. It was revealed that the morpho-functional state of the nerve cells of the hippocampus ApoE-/- mice highly depends on the fat content of the diet. A higher degree of neuroinflammation was observed in the LF-group than in the control and HF-groups, which was manifested in reactive astro- and microgliosis. The number of undamaged pyramidal neurons in the CA1 area of the hippocampus ApoE-/- mice in the LF-group significantly decreased compared to the control group and the HF-group. In animals with LF- and HF-diet the density of synaptic terminals, the number of mitochondria in them, as well as the concentration of cellular adhesion molecules were decreased. It was suggested that synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity in higher degree depended on the shortage of аpolipoprotein E than on the fat content in the diet.
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| 4. |
- Kovalenko, T. N., et al.
(author)
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The neuroprotective effect of 2-oxoglutarate in the experimental ischemia of hippocampus
- 2011
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In: Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. - 0867-5910. ; 62:2, s. 239-246
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study we investigated the potential neuroprotective effect of 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) on the hippocampus in the transient vessel occlusion ischemia model in the Mongolian gerbil. The morphological and biochemical studies were performed at 7 days after occlusion of carotid arteries. The acute reduction of NeuN-positive neurons in the CA1 pyramidal layer of the hippocampus was accompanied by increased staining intensity for GFAP-positive astrocytes, indicative of glial reaction. The neuron death in the CA1 area coincided with a strong 2.4 fold decrease in the membrane forms of neuronal cell adhesion molecules and elevated levels of astrocyte-specific proteins (soluble GFAP to 2,6 times; filament GFAP to 1,5 times; calcium-binding protein S-100b to 1,6 times). Treatment with 2-oxoglutarate (2.28 g/l drinking water) for between 7 and 21 days attenuated the neuronal death and reactive astrogliosis in this model of experimental ischemia by 20-50%. Our results suggest that 2-OG may prevent the disturbances of neural cells that usually take place during ischemic pathology.
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| 5. |
- Goncharova, Katerina, et al.
(author)
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Diet-induced changes in brain structure and behavior in old gerbils.
- 2015
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In: Nutrition & diabetes. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2044-4052. ; 5, s. 163-163
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aging is associated with many physiological alterations such as changes in metabolism, food intake and brain dysfunction. Possible ways to correct age-related brain dysfunction using dietary treatments still remains undeveloped. The aim of our research was to investigate whether long-term dietary treatment with 2-oxoglutarate (2-OX), which is involved in many regulatory pathways, together with pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin (PLEM), which ensure appropriate digestion and absorption of nutrients, affects age-related changes in the brain morphology and cognitive function in old Mongolian gerbils.
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| 6. |
- Goncharova, Katerina, et al.
(author)
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Diet supplemented with pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin restores the hippocampal neuronal plasticity and behaviour in young pigs with experimental exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
- 2015
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In: Journal of Functional Foods. - : Elsevier BV. - 1756-4646. ; 14, s. 270-277
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is postulated that exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) can evoke neurological disorders. In the present study pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin (PLEM) were examined as a functional food component, with the goal of improving cognitive function and brain structure in a pig model of EPI. EPI in the present study induced alterations in the behaviour of the pigs as well as degenerative changes within the morphological structure of the hippocampus. EPI leads to a reduced number of pyramidal neurons and decreased levels of neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAM) in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. Here, we provide evidence that the use of PLEM as a functional food, in the form of dietary supplementation with PLEM for 10 days, restored pig behaviour and the histo-morphology of the hippocampus in EPI pigs. Thus, we suggest that the use of PLEM as a functional food ingredient should be considered in the prevention and/or postponement of the development of EPI-related encephalopathy. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Pierzynowski, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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Behavioral changes in response to feeding pancreatic-like enzymes to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency pigs.
- 2012
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In: Journal of Animal Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1525-3163 .- 0021-8812. ; 90:Suppl 4, s. 439-441
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Behavioral changes during pancreatic enzyme therapy have never been studied. The present study investigated behavioral changes in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) pigs when their feed was supplemented with pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin. A crossover design study was used to test the effect of enzyme supplementation in 2 × 4 EPI pigs that underwent pancreatic duct ligation (PDL). After 40 d of adaptation, the study commenced, comprising 2 control and 2 enzyme feeding periods of 10 d each in sequence. On days 7 and 10 of each experimental period, behavior was monitored for 24 h and feed consumption and BW were recorded. Behavioral observations focused on the pigs' activity- lying down or passive, or sitting, or standing or active-and were expressed as percentage activity for 24 h. During the adaptation period, BW gain was completely inhibited after PDL whereas for the entire study period, the body weight increased from 10.5 ± 1.1 to 14.0 ± 1.4 kg (P < 0.01). Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency pigs were more active when fed the enzymes (21 vs. 18% per 24 h; P < 0.01). Microbial enzyme supplementation not only improved the growth of the EPI pigs but it also increased their activity. This behavior change contradicts the generally accepted norm that satiety evokes by digestion and subsequent nutrients absorption reduces human or animal motility.
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| 8. |
- Pierzynowski, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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Exogenous pancreatic-like enzymes are recovered in the gut and improve growth of exocrine pancreatic insufficient pigs
- 2012
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In: Journal of Animal Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1525-3163 .- 0021-8812. ; 90, s. 324-326
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The exocrine pancreatic insufficient (EPI) pigs grow less due to different disturbances in feed digestion, absorption, and retention. Use of pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin in pigs may improve feed use and performance in slow-growing pigs. The aim was to study gut recovery and effectiveness of pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin supplementation on pig performance. Six male pigs 10 to 12 kg BW underwent pancreatic duct ligation surgery to induce total exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). Three cannulas to access the gastrointestinal tract content were installed in stomach, duodenum, and ileum in EPI pigs and in 3 control (healthy) pigs. One month after surgery, enzymes were given before feeding and digesta samples were collected for analyses. The BW of EPI pigs did not increase during 1 mo following surgery (11.7 vs. 11.6 kg BW); however, BW increased after 1 wk of enzyme supplementation (12.1 kg BW). Coefficient of fat and N absorption increased (P < 0.05) in EPI pigs after enzyme supplementation. Activity of amylase, lipase, and protease in chyme samples of EPI pigs was very low compared to controls. In EPI pigs after enzyme supplementation, amylase activity increased from 5.32 to 72.9 units/mL but remained lower than that of healthy pigs (162.7 units/mL). Lipase activity increased from 79.1 to 421.6 units/mL, which was similar to that of controls (507.3 units/mL). Proteolytic activity increased from 7.8 to 69.7 units/mL but still did not reach control pigs (164.3 units/mL). In conclusion, exogenous microbial enzymes mimic endogenous pancreatic enzymes being recovered along the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. These enzymes might be a useful tool to stimulate growth of slower-growing pigs after the weaning period.
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| 9. |
- Goncharova, Kateryna, et al.
(author)
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Enhanced absorption of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids following consumption of functional milk formula, pre-digested with immobilized lipase ex vivo, in an exocrine pancreatic insufficient (EPI) pig model
- 2017
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In: Journal of Functional Foods. - : Elsevier BV. - 1756-4646. ; 34, s. 422-430
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An exocrine pancreatic insufficient (EPI) pig model was used in the study. The effects of milk formula pre-digestion with immobilized microbial lipase, on the absorption and tissue accretion of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) were assessed. Thirteen male EPI pigs, 10 weeks of age, were used in the study. Six healthy pigs, 6 weeks of age, were used as controls. The pigs were fed either a regular or a pre-digested milk formula. The formula pre-digestion resulted in the decreased faecal total fat and LCPUFA excretion (by 43% and 38% respectively), increased plasma and tissue LCPUFA content (up to 38%). In conclusion, we postulate that feeding a pre-digested milk formula, is an efficient method to develop a functional milk formula, the consumption of which will ensure an increase in total fat absorption (in particular LCPUFA) in human infants as was indicated in the present study in the EPI pig model.
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