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- Satokar, Vidit V., et al.
(author)
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Double-blind RCT of fish oil supplementation in pregnancy and lactation to improve the metabolic health in children of mothers with overweight or obesity during pregnancy : study protocol
- 2020
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In: BMJ Open. - : BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2044-6055. ; 10:12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Maternal obesity during pregnancy is associated with adverse changes in body composition and metabolism in the offspring. We hypothesise that supplementation during pregnancy of overweight and obese women may help prevent the development of greater adiposity and metabolic dysfunction in children. Previous clinical trials investigating fish oil supplementation in pregnancy on metabolic outcomes and body composition of the children have not focused on the pregnancies of overweight or obese women.Methods and analysis: A double-blind randomised controlled trial of fish oil (providing 3 g/day of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) versus an equal volume of olive oil (control) taken daily from recruitment until birth, and in breastfeeding mothers, further continued for 3 months post partum. Eligible women will have a singleton pregnancy at 12-20 weeks' gestation and be aged 18-40 years with body mass index >= 25 kg/m(2) at baseline. We aim to recruit a minimum of 128 participants to be randomised 1:1. Clinical assessments will be performed at baseline and 30 weeks of pregnancy, including anthropometric measurements, fasting metabolic markers, measures of anxiety, physical activity, quality of life and dietary intake. Subsequent assessments will be performed when the infant is 2 weeks, 3 months and 12 months of age for anthropometry, body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)) and blood sampling. The primary outcome of the study is a between-group difference in infant percentage body fatness, assessed by DXA, at 2 weeks of age. Secondary outcomes will include differences in anthropometric measures at each time point, percentage body fat at 3 and 12 months and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance at 3 months. Statistical analysis will be carried out on the principle of intention to treat.Ethics and dissemination This trial was approved by the Northern A Health and Disabilities Ethics Committee, New Zealand Ministry of Health (17/NTA/154). Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.
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| 2. |
- V. Satokar, Vidit, et al.
(author)
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Fish oil supplementation during pregnancy and postpartum in mothers with overweight and obesity to improve body composition and metabolic health during infancy : A double-blind randomized controlled trial
- 2023
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In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 117:5, s. 883-895
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Maternal obesity during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of obesity and metabolic disease in the offspring. Supplementation with fish oil (FO), which is insulin sensitizing, during pregnancy in mothers with overweight or obesity may prevent the development of greater adiposity and metabolic dysfunction in their children.Objectives: To determine the effects of FO supplementation throughout the second half of pregnancy and lactation in mothers with overweight or obesity on infant body composition and metabolism.Methods: A double-blind randomized controlled trial of 6 g FO (3.55 g/d of n-3 PUFAs) compared with olive oil (control) from mid-pregnancy until 3 mo postpartum. Eligible women had singleton pregnancies at 12-20 wk of gestation, and BMI >= 25 kg/m2. The primary outcome was the infant body fat percentage (DXA scans) at 2 wk of age. Secondary outcomes included maternal metabolic markers during pregnancy, infant anthropometry at 2 wk and 3 mo of age, and metabolic markers at 3 mo.Results: A total of 129 mothers were randomized, and 98 infants had a DXA scan at 2 wk. Primary outcome: Imputed and nonimputed analyses showed no effects of FO supplementation on infant body fat percentage at age 2 wk. Secondary outcomes: There were no treatment effects on infant outcomes at 2 wk, but FO infants had a higher BMI z-score (P = 0.025) and ponderal index (P = 0.017) at age 3 mo. FO supplementation lowered maternal tri-glycerides by 17% at 30 wk of pregnancy (P = 0.0002) and infant triglycerides by 21% at 3 mo of age (P = 0.016) but did not affect maternal or infant insulin resistance. The rate of emergency cesarean section was lower with FO supplementation [aRR = 0.38 (95%CI 0.16, 0.90); P = 0.027].Conclusions: FO supplementation of mothers with overweight or obesity during pregnancy did not impact infant body composition. There is a need to follow up the offspring to determine whether the observed metabolic effects persist. Clinical trial registry number: This study was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12617001078347p). In addition, the Universal Trial Number, WHO, was obtained (U1111-1199-5860).
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