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- Buratovic, Sonja
(author)
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Neonatal Exposure to Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation in Mice : Developmental Neurotoxic Effects of Single and Fractionated Doses and Interaction with Nicotine
- 2015
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis aims to investigate the developmental neurotoxic effects of low-dose exposure to ionizing radiation, alone or together with nicotine, during a defined critical period of neonatal brain development in mice. Investigation of neurotoxic effects following fractionated or acute low-dose radiation, resembling the clinical situation during repeated CT scans or radiation delivered to non-target tissue during radiotherapy, and possible interaction effects with other agents, is of great importance for risk and safety evaluation.During mammalian brain development there are defined critical periods for induction of developmental neurotoxic effects. One of these critical periods is called the brain growth spurt (BGS) and involves extensive growth and maturation of the brain. It is known that neonatal exposure during the BGS to low doses of radiation, as well as nicotine, can have a negative impact on neonatal brain development, resulting in impaired cognitive function in the adult mouse. The present studies have shown that developmental neurotoxicity following low-dose irradiation can be induced during the same critical period of brain development as previously has been shown for chemicals. The observed neurotoxicity was manifested as altered spontaneous behaviour and habituation capacity, independent of sex, as well as elevated levels of an Alzheimer-related neuroprotein in the adult mouse. Furthermore, fractionated dose regimes seem to be as potent for induction of neurotoxicity and behavioural disturbances as an equivalent single acute dose. The cholinergic system can be a target system for developmental neurotoxicity of ionizing radiation, either alone or in combination with the cholinergic agent nicotine. Co-exposure to ionizing radiation and nicotine exacerbated the behavioural disturbances and cholinergic system dysfunction observed in these studies.Further studies on developmental neurotoxic effects of low-dose neonatal irradiation and interaction with medical drugs and environmental pollutants are important for the field of radioprotection.
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| 2. |
- Lagergren Lindberg, Marita, et al.
(author)
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Mental health and psychosocial consequences linked to radiation emergencies - Increasingly recognised concerns
- 2022
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In: Journal of Radiological Protection. - : IOP Publishing. - 0952-4746 .- 1361-6498. ; 42:3
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A major radiological or nuclear emergency may, apart from causing a substantial loss of life and physical damage, also put a substantial strain on affected societies with social, economic and political consequences. Although such emergencies are relatively uncommon, it is now being increasingly recognised that their subsequent psychosocial impact can be widespread and long lasting. Mental health effects, such as depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder, are highly represented in a population affected by a radiation disaster. In order to reach the majority of the people affected by radiation accidents, we need to be aware of how to distribute relevant and accurate information related to both short- and long-term medical effects. Effective risk communication is associated with improved compliance with any given recommendations. It is important to protect the public from physical radiation damage, but it is also essential to take into account the social and mental health effects that radiation disasters may induce. This article provides a brief review of recent reporting on the psychological consequences after a major radiation emergency.
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| 3. |
- Lundberg, Jon O., et al.
(author)
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Nitrate and nitrite in biology, nutrition and therapeutics
- 2009
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In: Nature Chemical Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1552-4450 .- 1552-4469. ; 5:12, s. 865-869
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inorganic nitrate and nitrite from endogenous or dietary sources are metabolized in vivo to nitric oxide (NO) and other bioactive nitrogen oxides. The nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway is emerging as an important mediator of blood flow regulation, cell signaling, energetics and tissue responses to hypoxia. The latest advances in our understanding of the biochemistry, physiology and therapeutics of nitrate, nitrite and NO were discussed during a recent 2-day meeting at the Nobel Forum, Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm.
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| 6. |
- Abbafati, Cristiana, et al.
(author)
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- 2020
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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