| 1. |
- Berg, Staffan, et al.
(author)
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Comparison of co-existing forestry and reindeer husbandry value chains in northern Sweden
- 2016
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In: Silva Fennica. - : Finnish Society of Forest Science. - 0037-5330 .- 2242-4075. ; 50
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Forestry in Mala, northern Sweden, coexists with other land uses. Reindeer husbandry is in the area for centuries and requires large areas of grazing land. Competing land uses may threaten the Mala Sami village. The aim of the study was to evaluate increased consideration in forest management towards 1) reindeer husbandry, 2) nature and 3) a combination of the two. These scenarios were compared with forest management as it was in 2009. Results indicate that all three scenarios lead to a decrease in annual harvesting volumes of 0.2 to 0.4 million m(3). Forest industry dominated the economic viability in the area. Forest management adapted to the needs of reindeer husbandry resulted in less potential for yearly harvest, employment and profits from forest industry. On the other hand, it led to an increase in growing stock and consequently the potential for carbon sequestration over time. Indeed the increased sequestration would compensate for all fossil emissions of carbon from the Forest Wood Chain (FWC). The nature scenario had minor effects on economic result and on the emissions of fossil carbon. The combined scenario gave a reduced economic performance for the FWC. A scenario based on forest management accommodating the needs of reindeer husbandry gave the best economic result for the reindeer chain, due to high survival rate of the reindeer. However the economic importance of reindeer husbandry in the region was small compared to the FWC. Results from scenario analysis could serve as a platform for mutual understanding between stakeholders.
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| 2. |
- Karlsson, Anders, et al.
(author)
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The TRANSFOR success story: International forestry education through exchange
- 2010
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In: Forestry Chronicle. - : Canadian Institute of Forestry. - 0015-7546 .- 1499-9315. ; 86, s. 57-62
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The TRANSFOR (Transatlantic Education for Global Sustainable Forest Sector Development) program has promoted international student and staff exchanges among four Canadian (Alberta, British Columbia, New Brunswick and Toronto) universities and universities in four European countries (Germany [Freiburg], Finland [Joensuu], Sweden [Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea] and the United Kingdom [Bangor University, Wales]). The program incorporated five components: one or two semester study visits for undergraduate forestry students, working internships, summer field courses, study visits for academic staff, and TRANSFOR project meetings. The summer field courses were a highly innovative part of the program and allowed students to spend three to four weeks learning about forestry activities and challenges on a continent different from that of their home institution. The program fostered internationally focused understanding of forest ecology and management, as well as economic and cultural factors, as will be required to develop effective international standards for sustainable forest management. Most student participants reported that it was a very positive experience and a high point of their education.
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| 3. |
- Karlsson, Anders, et al.
(author)
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TRANSFOR-M: A unique transatlantic forestry Master program leading to a dual European and Canadian degree
- 2013
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In: Forestry Chronicle. - : Canadian Institute of Forestry. - 0015-7546 .- 1499-9315. ; 89, s. 205-210
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- To educate their students in modern sustainable forest and environmental management approaches sensitive to cultural and situational differences, three Canadian (Alberta, British Columbia, New Brunswick) and four European (Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat, Freiburg, Germany; University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, Sweden; and Bangor University, Wales) universities have developed a new transatlantic forestry Master program leading to a dual European and Canadian post-graduate degree (TRANSFOR-M). The two-year English language program has the following key characteristics: 1) the optimal use of expertise at partner institutions to deliver effective, globally oriented programs in forestry and environmental management; 2) one intensive language course in the language of the host country for the Canadian students; 3) e-learning courses accessible among all partner institutions (and once tested through TRANSFOR-M, to a broader audience); 4) a "thesis" or research project report that is co-supervised by both a Canadian and a European professor; 5) access to work internships to provide practical experience in an international context and increase the employability of the graduate students and 6) two mandatory three-week field courses (one across the four European countries and one across the three Canadian provinces), where all program participants meet.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Lundqvist, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Multi-layered Scots pine forests in boreal Sweden result from mass regeneration and size stratification
- 2019
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In: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 441, s. 176-181
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Understanding historic development of multi-layered Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands and how they became multi-layered is essential for assessing the feasibility of using the selection system in these stands. To address this we measured trees (dbh >= 4 cm) and saplings (height > 0.5 m dbh < 4 cm) and used increment cores from 244 sample trees to reconstruct stand structure development, ingrowth and basal area increment in four multi-layered Scots pine stands in Sweden. Age distributions were quite homogeneous, three of the four stands had age distributions that were dominated by one or two 20 year age classes, suggesting that the irregular diameter distributions displayed in 2013 had developed from more homogeneous distributions. Analyses of the historical ingrowth of Scots pine into the tree layer suggested that the multi-layered structure was created by mass regeneration followed by size stratification caused by differences in growth rates within even-aged cohorts of regeneration. Large reductions of the basal area in the past resulted in abundant regeneration and ingrowth of Scots pine. When the over-story increased in basal area over time, there was a growth differentiation among the saplings and small trees, gradually creating a multi-layered stand structure as some of the trees grew into the larger size classes while others remained in the smaller size classes. When the stands reached a basal area of about 13 m(2) ha(-1) the ingrowth of saplings past 1.3 m height essentially stopped but the size stratification among the small trees continued, further enhancing the multi-layered structure. The results indicate that to receive regeneration pulses and sustain a multi-layered structure in Scots pine forests, the basal area needs to be significantly reduced. The growth consequences of this need to be studied.
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| 6. |
- Lundqvist, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Spruce and birch growth in pure and mixed stands in Sweden
- 2014
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In: Forestry Chronicle. - : Canadian Institute of Forestry. - 0015-7546 .- 1499-9315. ; 90, s. 29-34
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An experiment was established in a 38-year-old, mixed species stand with a 14.5-m birch overstory (Betula species) and a 3-m spruce understory (Picea abies). Treatments were birch shelterwood with 300 or 600 stems/ha and spruce understory with 1500 stems/ha, grown separately or mixed on 14 plots. Height growth of spruce was not significantly affected by birch shelterwood during a 36-year observation period, but spruce trees under birch shelter were more slender. Volume growth of spruce was slightly reduced by birch shelter, and volume growth of birch significantly reduced by a spruce understory. Total growth was higher for mixed than for single-species plots.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Valinger, Erik
(author)
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Conducting sustainability impact assessments of forestry-wood chains: examples of ToSIA applications
- 2012
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In: European Journal of Forest Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1612-4669 .- 1612-4677. ; 131, s. 21-34
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Within the EFORWOOD project, new methodological approaches to assess the sustainability impacts of forestry-wood chains (FWC) were developed by using indicators of environmental, social and economic relevance. This paper introduces and discusses the developed approach and the two main products developed in the EFORWOOD project: the Database Client and the Tool for Sustainability Impact Assessment (ToSIA), which hold, calculate and integrate the extensive information and data collected. Sustainability impact assessment (SIA) of FWCs is based on measuring and analysing environmental, economic and social indicators for all of the production processes along the value chain. The adoption of the method varies between applications and depends on the specification of the FWC in the assessment and what questions are studied. ToSIA is very flexible and can apply forest-, product-, industry- and consumer-defined perspectives. Each perspective influences the focus of the analysis and affects system boundaries. ToSIA can assess forest value chains in different geographical regions covering local, regional, national and up to the continental scale. Potential issues and scenarios can be analysed with the tool including, for example, the impacts of different forest policies on the sustainability of an FWC. This paper presents how ToSIA can be applied to solve such diverse problems and underlines this with examples from different case studies. Differences in chain set-up, system boundaries and data requirements are highlighted and experiences with the implementation of the sustainability impact assessment methods are discussed. The EFORWOOD case studies offer valuable reference data for future sustainability assessments.
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| 9. |
- Valinger, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Damage to Residual Stand Caused by Mechanized Selection Harvest in Uneven-Aged Picea abies Dominated Stands
- 2012
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In: Silva Fennica. - : Finnish Society of Forest Science. - 0037-5330 .- 2242-4075. ; 46, s. 267-274
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Permanent field plots were established in two uneven-aged Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) dominated stands in west-central Sweden. The objective was to quantify level and type of damage caused by harvesting and to quantify the difference between two treatments: T20) only skid road harvest (20 m distance between ca. 4 m wide roads), and T40) skid road harvest (40 m distance between ca. 4 m wide roads) combined with thinning between the roads. In T40, the goal was to harvest approximately the same standing volume as in T20. After harvest, two circular sample plots (radius 18 m, i.e. 1018 m) were established at random locations within each treated area. All mechanical damage on the stem caused by harvest was measured and registered, including bark stripping larger than 15 cm, stem broken or split, and tearing of branches causing damage on the stem. About 70–90 per cent of the damaged trees were smaller than 15 cm dbh. Very few trees larger than 25 cm dbh were damaged. In T20, more than 50 per cent of the damaged trees were located less than 5 m from the skid road, compared to less than 25 per cent for T40, in which more than 50 per cent of the damaged trees were located 5–10 m from the skid road. Creating only half the number of skid roads caused no more damage, and was probably more profitable because mean stem volume was about 1.5 times larger than in T20.22
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| 10. |
- Valinger, Erik
(author)
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Economic, environmental and social impact of alternative forest management in Baden-Württemberg (Germany) and Västerbotten (Umeå)
- 2014
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 29, s. 485-498
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The forest sector is important for the German Federal State of Baden-Wurttemberg (BW) and the Vasterbotten (VB) County in Sweden. Their forestry wood chains (FWCs) are of similar magnitude and supply forest industries. This study provides a regional comparison of the performance of FWCs from roundwood harvesting, including hauling, to mill gate concerning the factors that impact sustainability and assess different sustainability indicators for alternative supply chains, in particular fully mechanized chains in comparison to motor-manual operations. The harvest volumes are similar but operational conditions differ. Analysis of sustainability indicators demonstrated that the total costs for roundwood to industry are similar. Higher harvesting costs in BW are compensated for by lower transport costs to the mills. Employment per unit is higher in BW because of the high share of labour in felling. Due to smaller machinery and shorter transport distances in BW, energy use and greenhouse gas emissions per unit are lower than in VB. Areas for improvement are the technologies for logging in BW and the logistics of timber transport in VB.
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