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- Vanhoutteghem, L., et al.
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Deliverable 1.2 Analysis of promising sustainable renovation concepts : Report prepared for Nordic Innovation Centre
- 2011
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The report focuses on analyses of the most promising existing sustainable renovationconcepts, i.e. full-service concepts and technical concepts, for single-family houses. As abasis for the analyses a detailed building stock analysis was carried out. Furthermore, ageneral method as proposal for package solutions for sustainable renovation is described. Themethod contains investigation of the house, proposal for sustainable renovation and detailedplanning as well as commissioning after renovation.The building stock analysis shows that detached single-family houses account for large shareof the total number of dwellings in all Nordic countries. Electric heating (and oil heating) ofsingle-family houses is very common in the Nordic countries, except for Denmark whereoil/gas boiler and district heating is mostly used. Natural ventilation is widespread inDenmark while mechanical ventilation is also often used in Norway, Sweden and Finland.Houses in Norway, Sweden and Finland are typically built with wood as a main constructionmaterial, but the insulation and/or finishing materials differ. In Denmark bricks are used as adominant construction material for cavity walls.The typical single-family houses identified to have large primary energy saving potentialalmost descend from the same time period in each Nordic country. The first segment is housesbuilt in large numbers in the 1960 and 1970. The second segment is houses built before 1940pre-war (except for Finland) where a large part of them has been renovated, but energyrenovation of those houses today would still account for a large energy saving. The thirdsegment is houses from the post-war period in Finland, houses that are all individual but builtin the same way, using the same materials.Existing full-service renovation concepts in the Nordic countries have just recently enteredthe market and are not well established and their success is yet to be evaluated. Companiesmay improve concepts by a more integrated approach and application of the full range oftechnical solutions to ensure the homeowner a sustainable renovation to a reasonable price.Energy efficiency calculations for individual measures for each of the typical single-familyhouses in the Nordic countries were made, and also some examples of cost analysis based onthe criterion of cost of conserved energy (CCE) that takes into account the investment andrunning cost and savings during a defined relevant reference period.Different technical renovation scenarios consisting of energy efficiency measures have beentested for the typical single-family houses with large energy saving potential in each of theNordic countries. Energy efficiency measures in connection with renovation of single-familyhouses have the potential for very large energy savings. In general the analyses show thattypical single-family houses can be renovated to the level of energy performance required fornew houses today or in some cases to low-energy level. Reaching passive house level may bechallenging in old houses. Passive house level was not reached in any of the analysed cases.Positive impact on the indoor environment can be expected. Thermal comfort will beimproved by insulation and air-tightness measures that will increase surface temperatures andreduce draught from e.g. badly insulated windows. A ventilation system with heat recoverywill also contribute to a good thermal comfort by draught-free supply of fresh air and assurean excellent air quality. Overheating can effectively be avoided by external movable solarshadings and/or higher venting rate by use of e.g. automatically controlled windows.
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- Vanhoutteghem, L., et al.
(author)
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Deliverable 1.3 Sustainable renovation concepts for single-family houses : Report prepared for Nordic Innovation Centre
- 2011
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Due to the introduction of low energy standards for new houses as minimum requirements,rising energy prices and generally more focus on energy performance, there is a need for farreachingenergy efficiency improvements in connection with renovation if existing singlefamilyhouses in the Nordic countries are to have competitive power compared to new houseson the future housing market. If the market is able to explain this to the homeowners there isan open market with undreamt-of possibilities. Good technical solutions exist but need to becombined based on the full range of (standard) solutions in order to reach the low primaryenergy level of new houses.The typical single-family houses identified to have large primary energy saving potentialalmost descend from the same time period in each Nordic country. A complete energyefficient renovation of a typical house include post-insulation and sealing of the buildingsenvelope - roof/ceiling, façade, windows/doors and foundation and maybe slab on ground -installation of a mechanical ventilation system with high efficiency heat recovery and lowelectricity use and possibly an energy efficient heating system based on district heating, heatpump etc. This package of technical solutions can be carried out during an overall or step wiseplanned renovation dependent on the condition of the house, the financial possibilities of thehomeowner etc.Calculation of packages of energy efficient renovation solutions targeted the three segmentsof houses show that primary energy use and heating bill can be reduced with up to about 75%or a factor 4 corresponding to the level of a new house or better. It seems that the passivehouse level can not quite be reached with standard solutions. They require that moreambitious measures are applied. The total investment needed to reduce the heating bill by afactor 4 including replacement of e.g. roof and windows is up to EUR 100,000. It is generallydifficult to obtain an economy in balance in the sense that the annual payment on a cheaploan, e.g. mortgage refinancing, to finance the investment is not fully offset by the expectedannual energy savings. Since, the cost of energy measures today may not correspond to theincreased market value of the house, it is important to find mechanisms so that the total costof the energy investments in the future is reflected as an increased value of the house. Butwith due regard to all the non-energy benefits, such as better and healthier indoor environmentand comfort, and less dependence on expected future higher energy prices, energy efficientrenovation will probably still be attractive for the average homeowner.One-stop-shops in the form of full-service providers of energy efficient renovation of singlefamilyhouse are missing in the Nordic countries. This service is vital to open up the market.A one-stop-shop could be seen as a possibility to make it easy for the homeowner to complywith possible future requirements to realize far-reaching energy savings in connection withextensive renovations, provided that the building sector offers the solutions. Homeownersneed someone to take care of all relevant steps necessary for the renovation of the houseincluding quotation for the work, financing and management of the contract work. An idealfull-service concept in five phases is proposed, going from initial evaluation of the house, toextensive analyses, proposal for package solutions, coordinated execution and operation andfinally management of the house after renovation.
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