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- Broadaway, K Alaine, et al.
(author)
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Loci for insulin processing and secretion provide insight into type 2 diabetes risk.
- 2023
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In: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 110:2, s. 284-299
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Insulin secretion is critical for glucose homeostasis, and increased levels of the precursor proinsulin relative to insulin indicate pancreatic islet beta-cell stress and insufficient insulin secretory capacity in the setting of insulin resistance. We conducted meta-analyses of genome-wide association results for fasting proinsulin from 16 European-ancestry studies in 45,861 individuals. We found 36 independent signals at 30 loci (p value < 5 × 10-8), which validated 12 previously reported loci for proinsulin and ten additional loci previously identified for another glycemic trait. Half of the alleles associated with higher proinsulin showed higher rather than lower effects on glucose levels, corresponding to different mechanisms. Proinsulin loci included genes that affect prohormone convertases, beta-cell dysfunction, vesicle trafficking, beta-cell transcriptional regulation, and lysosomes/autophagy processes. We colocalized 11 proinsulin signals with islet expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data, suggesting candidate genes, including ARSG, WIPI1, SLC7A14, and SIX3. The NKX6-3/ANK1 proinsulin signal colocalized with a T2D signal and an adipose ANK1 eQTL signal but not the islet NKX6-3 eQTL. Signals were enriched for islet enhancers, and we showed a plausible islet regulatory mechanism for the lead signal in the MADD locus. These results show how detailed genetic studies of an intermediate phenotype can elucidate mechanisms that may predispose one to disease.
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- Shukla, S., et al.
(author)
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Appraisal of groundwater chemistry, its suitability for crop productivity in Sonipat district and human health risk evaluation
- 2023
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In: Human and Ecological Risk Assessment. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-7039 .- 1549-7860. ; 29:2, s. 507-528
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study was taken with a primary objective to estimate the groundwater quality and its suitability toward sustainable crop productivity in an agriculturally dominant semi-urban area. Elevated levels of nitrate have severe health impacts and affect the human health. Hence, health risks associated with the consumption of nitrate contaminated water were estimated for adults and children in Sonipat district, Haryana. In general, the groundwater was found to be slightly alkaline and moderately hard. The anionic abundance was verified as F– < NO3– < HCO3– < SO42– < Cl–, whereas, the cationic abundance was verified as Ca2+ < Mg2+ < K+ < Na+. Concentration of nitrate varied from 1.34 mg/L to 565 mg/L, with an average value of 47.6 mg/L, and 46% of the groundwater samples had nitrate concentration of more than 45 mg/L. As per the results of Wilcox plot, only 34% of samples were suitable for crop productivity, whereas 23% of the samples fell in category-II of the permeability index. The non-carcinogenic health risk assessment further suggested that hazard quotient values for nitrate reached as high as 18.35 (children), and 13.57 (adult male), suggesting that health risk degree of children has greater health risk than adults in the study region. Overall results suggest an urgent need for intervention to adopt suitable health risk measures to reduce exposure toward nitrate contaminated drinking water. Moreover, agricultural practices must be improved to increase the crop productivity in the affected areas.
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- Kanth, R. K., et al.
(author)
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Design of Sierpinski Grid Patch Antenna for Multiband Application and Sustainability Analysis in its Manufacturing Process
- 2012
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In: IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology. ; , s. 1-5
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is two-fold. Firstly, we have attempted to design a planar Sierpinski fractal antenna in stacked configuration for multiband application. The stacked configuration of Sierpinski fractal patch and Sierpinski grid are employed to improve the multiband characteristics. The operating frequencies obtained are at 3.3 GHz, 5 GHz, 5.74 GHz and 5.9 GHz which covers the bands useful for HIPERLAN2 frequencies and for implementation in futuristic WiFi enabled devices and PCI Cards for mobile internet. The Simulated results show that the operating frequencies obtained are spread over a wide range of frequency band compared to the simple Sierpinski fractal patch antenna. Secondly this paper aims at evaluating the sustainability and life cycle management of proposed antenna.
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| 9. |
- Oberst, Michael, et al.
(author)
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Characterization of Overlap in Observational Studies
- 2020
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In: Proceedings of Machine Learning Research. - 2640-3498. ; 108, s. 788-797
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Overlap between treatment groups is required for non-parametric estimation of causal effects. If a subgroup of subjects always receives the same intervention, we cannot estimate the effect of intervention changes on that subgroup without further assumptions. When overlap does not hold globally, characterizing local regions of overlap can inform the relevance of causal conclusions for new subjects, and can help guide additional data collection. To have impact, these descriptions must be interpretable for downstream users who are not machine learning experts, such as policy makers. We formalize overlap estimation as a problem of finding minimum volume sets subject to coverage constraints and reduce this problem to binary classification with Boolean rule classifiers. We then generalize this method to estimate overlap in off-policy policy evaluation. In several real-world applications, we demonstrate that these rules have comparable accuracy to black-box estimators and provide intuitive and informative explanations that can inform policy making.
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- Srivastava, R., et al.
(author)
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Analysis of glutamine synthetase (glnA) gene from prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms
- 2004
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In: Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants. - 0971-5894. ; 10:2, s. 197-202
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Glutamine synthetase (GS) is a key enzyme involved in nitrogen metabolism that performs the essential biochemical function of ammonium assimilation and glutamine synthesis. The enzyme and its isoforms are present universally in all organisms and display diverse regulatory patterns. In this study, we have analyzed some sequences upstream and downstream the initiation codon of the structural gene of GS (glnA) to show that these sequences are involved in regulation and stable expression of the enzyme. GS is known to be regulated by adenylylation-deadenylylation cascade in some organisms. Analysis of the adenylylation site from several organisms revealed that the site could also be deciphered from those organisms where regulation of the enzyme is not known by adenylylation. The adenylylation site was mutated by the use of Swiss-PdbViewer and possible reasons were assigned to the functional and nonfunctional properties of this site in various organisms. This analysis has also helped in assigning functional relationships to some conserved sequences within and in the proximity of the glnA gene.
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