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| 2. |
- Bartusch, Cajsa, 1965-, et al.
(author)
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Introducing a demand-based electricity distribution tariff in the residential sector : demand response and customer perception
- 2011
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In: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4215 .- 1873-6777. ; 39:9, s. 5008-5025
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Increased demand response is essential to fully exploit the Swedish power system, which in turn is an absolute prerequisite for meeting political goals related to energy efficiency and climate change. Demand response programs are, nonetheless, still exceptional in the residential sector of the Swedish electricity market, one contributory factor being lack of knowledge about the extent of the potential gains. In light of these circumstances, this empirical study set out with the intention of estimating the scope of households’ response to, and assessing customers’ perception of, a demand-based time-of-use electricity distribution tariff. The results show that households as a whole have a fairly high opinion of the demand-based tariff and act on its intrinsic price signals by decreasing peak demand in peak periods and shifting electricity use from peak to off-peak periods.
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| 3. |
- Bulut, Mehmet Börühan, et al.
(author)
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Active buildings in smart grids - Exploring the views of the Swedish energy and buildings sectors
- 2016
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In: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7788 .- 1872-6178. ; 117, s. 185-198
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The development of smart grids is expected to shift the role of buildings in power networks from passive consumers to active players that trade on power markets in real-time and participate in the operation of networks. Although there are several studies that report on consumer views on buildings with smart grid features, there is a gap in the literature about the views of the energy and buildings sectors, two important sectors for the development. This study fills this gap by presenting the views of key stakeholders from the Swedish energy and buildings sectors on the active building concept with the help of interviews and a web survey. The findings indicate that the active building concept is associated more with energy use flexibility than self-generation of electricity. The barriers to development were identified to be primarily financial due to the combination of the current low electricity prices and the high costs of technologies. Business models that reduce the financial burdens and risks related to investments can contribute to the development of smart grid technologies in buildings, which, according to the majority of respondents from the energy and buildings sectors, are to be financed by housing companies and building owners.
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| 4. |
- Bulut, Mehmet Börühan, 1987-, et al.
(author)
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Buildings in the future energy system : Perspectives of the Swedish energy and buildings sectors on current energy challenges
- 2015
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In: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7788 .- 1872-6178. ; 107, s. 254-263
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Buildings are expected to play a key role in the development and operation of future smart energy systems through real-time energy trade, energy demand flexibility, self-generation of electricity, and energy storage capabilities. Shifting the role of buildings from passive consumers to active players in the energy networks, however, may require closer cooperation between the energy and buildings sectors than there is today. Based on 23 semi-structured interviews and a web survey answered by key stakeholders, this study presents the views of the energy and buildings sectors on the current energy challenges in a comparative approach. Despite conflicting viewpoints on some of the issues, the energy and buildings sectors have similar perspectives on many of the current energy challenges. Reducing CO2 emissions is a shared concern between the energy and buildings sectors that can serve as a departure point for inter-sectoral cooperation for carbon-reducing developments, including the deployment of smart energy systems. The prominent energy challenges were identified to be related to low flexibilities in energy supply and use, which limit mutually beneficial cases, and hence cooperation, between the energy and buildings sectors today.
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| 5. |
- Campillo, Javier, et al.
(author)
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Beyond the building–understanding building renovations in relation to urban energy systems
- 2016
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In: Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning. - 2069-3419. ; 2016:Spec. Iss. 5, s. 31-39
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- About 35% of Europe’s building stock is over 50 years old and consumes about 175 kWh/m2 for heating, between 3-5 times the amount required by the newly constructed buildings. Annually, between1 and 1.5% new buildings are built and only between 0.2 and 0.5% are removed, therefore the focus needs to be put on the renovation of the existing building stock. The implementation of energy conservation measures (ECMs) in the residential sector becomes a very important strategy to meet the EU´s 20% energy consumption reduction of the 20-20-20 goals. The main challenge, however, is to determine which of the ECMs strategies are the best to provide not just with the best energy consumption reduction, but also with the best environmental impact and economic benefits. This paper addresses this issue and analyses the impact of different ECMs by focusing not only on the buildings themselves, but on the energy supply network and the overall energy system as a whole. To achieve this, we review five case studies in Sweden that use different ECMs as well as other alternatives, such as: distributed generation (DG) and energy storage. Results suggest that although there is no standard protocol that would fit all renovation projects, the existing methodologies fall short to provide the best overall impact on the energy system and that a broader analysis of the local conditions should be carried out before performing large building renovation projects.
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| 6. |
- Campillo, Javier, 1982-, et al.
(author)
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Economic Impact of Dynamic Electricity Pricing Mechanisms Adoption fo rHouseholds in Sweden
- 2013
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Global smart metering market growth has increased significantly over the past few years and the trend is expected to continue. Smart metering technology enables energy consumption feedback and the adoption of dynamic pricing mechanisms that encourages users to shift power consumption from peak-use times to lower-use times, in order to help balance the load in the power system. In Sweden particularly, the introduction of the new legislation and adoption of remote meters in 2009, in combination with more flexible pricing schemes, offer a great opportunity for users to reduce energy consumption during peak times, increase their energy efficiency and therefore reduce their overall cost. More recently, in 2012, Swedish energy providers started offering hourly spot-based electricity price to homeowners in order give them access to pricing mechanisms that are closer to the real cost of electricity supply. Additionally to hourly pricing, other dynamic pricing contracts are available for consumers all across the country; however, conventional agreements that use fixed-rates for electricity are still the most common. This paper analyzes the economic impact for consumers, if dynamic pricing, enabled through smart metering technologies, is adopted. To achieve this, electricity costs from a large group of households were calculated, using users’ hourly consumption data with both conventional fixed rates and real time pricing, in order to understand their impact on customers’ bills. Obtained results suggest that real time pricing has great savings potential, especially for years where summer rainfall and winter conditions are within average. However, in order to increase savings and have them consistent year after year, changes in user time-of-use consumption profile are required. Moreover, this research work leads to further analysis on dynamic pricing combined with demand response in order to optimize electricity costs.
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| 7. |
- Campillo, Javier, 1982-, et al.
(author)
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Electricity Demand Impact from Increased use of Ground Sourced Heat Pumps
- 2012
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In: IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe. - 9781467325950 ; , s. Artnr. 6465876-
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The use of ground-sourced heat pumps as main heating systems has increased in Sweden in the last fifteen years to the point that it is the country with the highest amount of GSHP in Europe. Heat pumps are chosen by many households due to their economic savings value; In contrast, electricity prices in Sweden have almost doubled since 2006, threatening their economic benefits. It is therefore, essential to understand GSHPs impact on the user´s electricity consumption and provide suitable demand-response programs that could help develop a model capable of forecasting consumption and provide decision support information to make the best use of the technology. This paper analyses questionnaire surveys and consumption patterns were evaluated for 322 households with installed GSHPs and different pricing schemes in order to increase the understanding of mass use of this type of heating system.
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| 8. |
- Campillo, Javier, 1982-, et al.
(author)
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Energy Demand Model Design for Forecasting Electricity Consumption and Simulating Demand Response Scenarios in Sweden
- 2012
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The introduction of a deregulated power system market and development of smart-metering technologies in Sweden, bring new opportunities for fully exploiting its power system efficiency and reliability, such as price-based demand response (DR) programs at a large scale for household, commercial and industrial users. The deployments of these DR programs require, however, very accurate demand forecasting models. The traditional approach of obtaining the total energy use and peak demand does not offer the required detailed information. This article reviews several methodologies for forecasting electricity consumption from a bottom-up perspective in order to define the required parameters and structure for obtaining an energy model. This model will finally include energy usage data, behavioural parameters obtained from a survey conducted with 5 000 end-users in different Swedish distribution system operators’ areas, and physical conditions for the facilities (internal/external temperatures and insulation materials). This information is provided from previous research studies performed at Mälardalen University and Swedish electric utilities companies. The obtained model should be able to adjust its parameters dynamically in order to simulate several demand-response scenarios based on four different strategies: time of use pricing, use of curtailable/interruptible rates, imposition of penalties for usage beyond predetermined levels, and real time pricing.
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| 9. |
- Campillo, Javier, et al.
(author)
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Is real-time electricity pricing suitable for residential users without demand-side management?
- 2016
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In: Energy Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0195-6574 .- 1944-9089. ; 109, s. 310-325
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The smart metering infrastructure in Sweden allows electricity providers to offer electricity RTP (real time pricing) to homeowners, together with other dynamic pricing contracts across the country. These contracts are supposed to encourage users to shift power consumption during peak hours to help balance the load in the power system. Of all the available contracts in Sweden, monthly-average price holds the largest share, in response to the low electricity prices during the last three years. It is not clear if RTP will become a popular dynamic pricing scheme since daily price fluctuations might keep customers away from this type of contract. Literature review suggests that RTP adoption is only beneficial when combined with the use of customer demand flexibility, but it does not provide enough information about users adopting RTP without changing their electricity usage profile. This paper studies the economic impact if customers would shift to RTP contracts without adopting demand-side management. To achieve this, electricity costs from a large group of households were calculated and compared between both pricing schemes using the hourly consumption data of a 7-year period. Results suggest that the RTP electricity contract offer a considerable economic savings potential even without enabling consumer demand-side management.
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| 10. |
- Campillo, Javier, 1982-, et al.
(author)
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Open-Source Modelling and Simulation of Microgrids and Active Distribution Networks
- 2015
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In: Sustainable Places 2015, Conference Proceedings. - : Sigma Orionis. - 9791095345008 ; , s. 91-99
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Distributed generation, and active distribution networks constitute an economic and technically viable alternative for reducing green house gases emissions and increase the use of renewable energy sources in local distribution grids. These active networks allow replacing large generators, usually located far from the consumption loads, thus considerably minimizing distribution losses and increase renewable energy penetration. However, designing and successfully controlling these complex networks, becomes a great engineering challenge; most computational modeling and simulation tools available for these systems are either focused on the individual generation components themselves, or the economic dispatch of multiple generators. Moreover, these tools often rely on closed source commercial software that use manufacturers' data for predefining the parameters of the models' components. This approach does not provide enough flexibility to users, since often is not possible to adjust these parameters. This paper presents object- oriented, component-based, open software components for simulating and optimizing the operation of active distribution networks, including multiple distributed generators and energy using the Modelica open-source modeling language.
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