| 1. |
- Ellefsen, S., et al.
(author)
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Blood flow-restricted strength training displays high functional and biological efficacy in women: a within-subject comparison with high-load strength training
- 2015
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In: American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0363-6119 .- 1522-1490. ; 309:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Limited data exist on the efficacy of low-load blood flow-restricted strength training (BFR), as compared directly to heavy-load strength training (HST). Here, we show that 12 wk of twice-a-week unilateral BFR [30% of one repetition maximum (1RM) to exhaustion] and HST (6-10RM) of knee extensors provide similar increases in 1RM knee extension and cross-sectional area of distal parts of musculus quadriceps femoris in nine untrained women (age 22 +/- 1 yr). The two protocols resulted in similar acute increases in serum levels of human growth hormone. On the cellular level, 12 wk of BFR and HST resulted in similar shifts in muscle fiber composition in musculus vastus lateralis, evident as increased MyHC2A proportions and decreased MyHC2X proportions. They also resulted in similar changes of the expression of 29 genes involved in skeletal muscle function, measured both in a rested state following 12 wk of training and subsequent to singular training sessions. Training had no effect on myonuclei proportions. Of particular interest, 1) gross adaptations to BFR and HST were greater in individuals with higher proportions of type 2 fibers, 2) both BFR and HST resulted in approximately four-fold increases in the expression of the novel exercise-responsive gene Syndecan-4, and 3) BFR provided lesser hypertrophy than HST in the proximal half of musculus quadriceps femoris and also in CSA(peak), potentially being a consequence of pressure from the tourniquet utilized to achieve blood flow restriction. In conclusion, BFR and HST of knee extensors resulted in similar adaptations in functional, physiological, and cell biological parameters in untrained women.
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| 2. |
- Churchard, A. J., et al.
(author)
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A multifaceted approach to hydrogen storage
- 2011
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In: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9084 .- 1463-9076. ; 13:38, s. 16955-16972
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The widespread adoption of hydrogen as an energy carrier could bring significant benefits, but only if a number of currently intractable problems can be overcome. Not the least of these is the problem of storage, particularly when aimed at use onboard light-vehicles. The aim of this overview is to look in depth at a number of areas linked by the recently concluded HYDROGEN research network, representing an intentionally multi-faceted selection with the goal of advancing the field on a number of fronts simultaneously. For the general reader we provide a concise outline of the main approaches to storing hydrogen before moving on to detailed reviews of recent research in the solid chemical storage of hydrogen, and so provide an entry point for the interested reader on these diverse topics. The subjects covered include: the mechanisms of Ti catalysis in alanates; the kinetics of the borohydrides and the resulting limitations; novel transition metal catalysts for use with complex hydrides; less common borohydrides; protic-hydridic stores; metal ammines and novel approaches to nano-confined metal hydrides.
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| 3. |
- Abramson, Alex, et al.
(author)
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An ingestible self-orienting system for oral delivery of macromolecules
- 2019
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In: Science. - : AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE. - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 363:6427, s. 611-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Biomacromolecules have transformed our capacity to effectively treat diseases; however, their rapid degradation and poor absorption in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract generally limit their administration to parenteral routes. An oral biologic delivery system must aid in both localization and permeation to achieve systemic drug uptake. Inspired by the leopard tortoise's ability to passively reorient, we developed an ingestible self-orienting millimeter-scale applicator (SOMA) that autonomously positions itself to engage with GI tissue. It then deploys milliposts fabricated from active pharmaceutical ingredients directly through the gastric mucosa while avoiding perforation. We conducted in vivo studies in rats and swine that support the applicator's safety and, using insulin as a model drug, demonstrated that the SOMA delivers active pharmaceutical ingredient plasma levels comparable to those achieved with subcutaneous millipost administration.
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| 4. |
- Abramson, Alex, et al.
(author)
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Oral delivery of systemic monoclonal antibodies, peptides and small molecules using gastric auto-injectors
- 2021
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In: Nature Biotechnology. - : Springer Nature. - 1087-0156 .- 1546-1696. ; 40:1, s. 103-109
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Oral administration provides a simple and non-invasive approach for drug delivery. However, due to poor absorption and swift enzymatic degradation in the gastrointestinal tract, a wide range of molecules must be parenterally injected to attain required doses and pharmacokinetics. Here we present an orally dosed liquid auto-injector capable of delivering up to 4-mg doses of a bioavailable drug with the rapid pharmacokinetics of an injection, reaching an absolute bioavailability of up to 80% and a maximum plasma drug concentration within 30 min after dosing. This approach improves dosing efficiencies and pharmacokinetics an order of magnitude over our previously designed injector capsules and up to two orders of magnitude over clinically available and preclinical chemical permeation enhancement technologies. We administered the capsules to swine for delivery of clinically relevant doses of four commonly injected medications, including adalimumab, a GLP-1 analog, recombinant human insulin and epinephrine. These multi-day dosing experiments and oral administration in awake animal models support the translational potential of the system.
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| 5. |
- Bork, N., et al.
(author)
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The atomic structure of protons and hydrides in Sm1.92Ca0.08Sn2O7-delta pyrochlore from DFT calculations and FTIR spectroscopy
- 2012
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In: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 112:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A combined density functional theory and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study of the structure and specific site preference of protons and hydrides in the pyrochlore Sm1.92Ca0.08Sn2O7-delta is presented. Two protonic sites of particular high stability are identified, both located on O(1) oxygen atoms closely associated with a Ca dopant. Further, the unexpected presence of Ho hydride defects in undoped, oxygen deficient Sm2Sn2O7 is reported. Finally, the stretching frequencies and relative intensities for these and other sites are calculated. The main features of the Fourier transform infrared spectra are hereby resolved. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4737786]
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| 6. |
- Das, S., et al.
(author)
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Instability of Ionic Liquid-Based Electrolytes in Li-O2 Batteries
- 2015
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In: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 119:32, s. 18084-18090
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ionic liquids (ILs) have been proposed as promising solvents for Li-air battery electrolytes. Here, several ILs have been investigated using differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) to investigate the electrochemical stability in a Li-O-2 system, by means of quantitative determination of the rechargeability (GER/ORR), and thereby the Coulombic efficiency of discharge and charge. None of the IL-based electrolytes are found to behave as needed for a functional Li-O-2 battery but perform better than commonly used organic solvents. Also the extent of rechargeability/reversibility has been found to be strongly dependent on the choice of IL cation and anion as well as various impurities.
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| 7. |
- Hirscher, Michael, et al.
(author)
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Materials for hydrogen-based energy storage - past, recent progress and future outlook
- 2020
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In: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 827
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Globally, the accelerating use of renewable energy sources, enabled by increased efficiencies and reduced costs, and driven by the need to mitigate the effects of climate change, has significantly increased research in the areas of renewable energy production, storage, distribution and end-use. Central to this discussion is the use of hydrogen, as a clean, efficient energy vector for energy storage. This review, by experts of Task 32, Hydrogen-based Energy Storage of the International Energy Agency, Hydrogen TCP, reports on the development over the last 6 years of hydrogen storage materials, methods and techniques, including electrochemical and thermal storage systems. An overview is given on the background to the various methods, the current state of development and the future prospects. The following areas are covered; porous materials, liquid hydrogen carriers, complex hydrides, intermetallic hydrides, electrochemical storage of energy, thermal energy storage, hydrogen energy systems and an outlook is presented for future prospects and research on hydrogen-based energy storage.
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| 8. |
- Lombardo, Teo, et al.
(author)
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Artificial Intelligence Applied to Battery Research: Hype or Reality?
- 2022
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In: Chemical Reviews. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0009-2665 .- 1520-6890. ; 122:12, s. 10899 -10969
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This is a critical review of artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) methods applied to battery research. It aims at providing a comprehensive, authoritative, and critical, yet easily understandable, review of general interest to the battery community. It addresses the concepts, approaches, tools, outcomes, and challenges of using AI/ML as an accelerator for the design and optimization of the next generation of batteries - a current hot topic. It intends to create both accessibility of these tools to the chemistry and electrochemical energy sciences communities and completeness in terms of the different battery RD aspects covered.
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| 9. |
- Stoerzinger, Kelsey A., et al.
(author)
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Orientation-Dependent Oxygen Evolution on RuO2 without Lattice Exchange
- 2017
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In: ACS Energy Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2380-8195. ; 2:4, s. 876-881
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- RuO2 catalysts exhibit record activities toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which is crucial to enable efficient and sustainable energy storage. Here we examine the RuO2 OER kinetics on rutile (110), (100), (101), and (111) orientations, finding (100) the most active. We assess the potential involvement of lattice oxygen in the OER mechanism with online electrochemical mass spectrometry, which showed no evidence of oxygen exchange on these oriented facets in acidic or basic electrolytes. Similar results were obtained for polyoriented RuO2 films and particles, in contrast to previous work, suggesting lattice oxygen is not exchanged in catalyzing OER on crystalline RuO2 surfaces. This hypothesis is supported by the correlation of activity with the number of active Ru-sites calculated by density functional theory, where more active facets bind oxygen more weakly. This new understanding of the active sites provides a design strategy to enhance the OER activity of RuO2 nanoparticles by facet engineering.
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| 10. |
- Younesi, S. R., et al.
(author)
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Lithium salts for advanced lithium batteries: Li-metal, Li-O2, and Li-S
- 2015
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In: Energy and Environmental Sciences. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1754-5692 .- 1754-5706. ; 8:7, s. 1905-1922
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Presently lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) is the dominant Li-salt used in commercial rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) based on a graphite anode and a 3-4 V cathode material. While LiPF6 is not the ideal Li-salt for every important electrolyte property, it has a uniquely suitable combination of properties (temperature range, passivation, conductivity, etc.) rendering it the overall best Li-salt for LIBs. However, this may not necessarily be true for other types of Li-based batteries. Indeed, next generation batteries, for example lithium-metal (Li-metal), lithium-oxygen (Li-O2), and lithium-sulfur (Li-S), require a re-evaluation of Li-salts due to the different electrochemical and chemical reactions and conditions within such cells. This review explores the critical role Li-salts play in ensuring in these batteries viability.
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