| 1. |
- Andersson, Eva Ingeborg Elisabeth, 1956, et al.
(author)
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Energieffektiv biobränsleförädling i skogsindustrin
- 2003
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Användningen av biobränslen i det svenska energisystemet har ökat kraftigt och förädlade biobränslen spås idag få en viktig framtida roll i strävan mot minskade utsläpp av växthusgaser i Europa. Torkning av biobränslen möjliggör längre transporter av bränslet, ger bättre lagringsmöjligheter samt är en förutsättning vid vidareförädling till t.ex. pellets eller drivmedel. Detta öppnar upp nya marknader för ett tidigare lokalt bundet bränsle.Målet med projektet är att undersöka möjligheterna för energieffektiv förädling av biobränslen genom integrering av förädlingsprocessen med sågverk och massaindustri. Biobränslen kan förädlas till fasta bränslen såsom pellets, briketter eller pulver, eller till drivmedel såsom metanol, etanol eller DME. Oavsett slutprodukten, är torkning av biobränslet ett viktigt steg i förädlingsprocessen. Torkningen kräver stora mängder energi per enhet avdrivet vatten. Genom integrering av torkprocessen med annan energikrävande produktion ökar möjligheterna för spillvärmeåtervinning, vilket leder till en effektivare energianvändning. Vi har i det här projektet fokuserat på integrering av torkprocessen med sågverks- och massaindustri. Vi har vidare antagit att det torkade bränslet vidareförädlas till pellets. Anledningen till att vi har valt ett fast bränsle som slutprodukt för förädlingsprocessen är att torkning och pelletering av biobränslen är en mogen process relativt biobränslebaserad drivmedelsproduktion.Arbetet har fokuserats runt följande frågeställningar: Under vilka förutsättningar är det fördelaktigt ur ett energimässigt, miljömässigt och ekonomiskt perspektiv att integrera förädling av biobränsle med annan produktion inom skogsindustrin. Hur påverkas det omgivande energisystemet? Vilka framgångsfaktorer och hinder för en integrering av processerna finns? Vilka styrkor och svagheter finns i befintliga system?
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| 2. |
- Wolf, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Energy-efficient pellet production in the forest industry - a study of obstacles and success factors
- 2006
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In: Biomass and Bioenergy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0961-9534 .- 1873-2909. ; 30:1, s. 38-45
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With an expanding market for upgraded biofuel in many countries, it is important to develop efficient production methods for upgrading wet biomass. The possibilities for heat recovery can be improved if the upgrading process is integrated with other energy-intensive processes, as for example a pulp mill or a sawmill, in a biofuel combine. This work evaluates obstacles and Success factors for forming such biofuel combines with the forest industry. Case Studies and calculations on theoretical cases have been used together with literature references to evaluate how a biofuel combine can be realised and to compile obstacles and success factors for a combine. It could be seen from the case studies that an excess of by-products and waste heat, together with an existing need for investments are important driving forces for the formation of biofuel combines in the forest industry. The market was also identified as an important factor, which can be both an obstacle and a success factor depending on the situation. It was concluded that the existence of a small-scale pellet market near the plant is important for economic feasibility when sawdust is used as raw material. The conditions for the biofuel combine are different depending on the form of ownership. When a pulp mill or sawmill owns the pellet factory, it was concluded that minimising the risk by using well-known technologies can be an important factor for the realisation of the combine.
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| 3. |
- Björkenheim, Anna, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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Right ventricular lead perforation with iatrogenic injury to an intercostal artery causing haemothorax after pacemaker implant
- 2024
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In: BMJ Case Reports. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1757-790X. ; 17:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A woman in her 80s experienced a life-threatening complication of pacemaker implant consisting of subacute right ventricular lead perforation causing iatrogenic injury to an intercostal artery, resulting in a large haemothorax. A CT scan confirmed active bleeding from the fourth intercostal artery. The patient underwent cardiothoracic surgery via a median sternotomy approach, during which the source of the bleeding was sealed, a new epicardial lead was positioned, and the original lead was extracted. This case emphasises the potentially severe consequences of pacemaker lead perforation and secondary injury to adjacent structures. It underscores the importance of early recognition and timely intervention, preferably in a tertiary specialist unit equipped for cardiothoracic surgery and confirms the value of pacemaker interrogation and CT scans for diagnosis.
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| 4. |
- Vidlund, Anna
(author)
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Sustainable production of bio-energy products in the sawmill industry
- 2004
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- One of the great challenges facing society is to convert theglobal energy system to a sustainable process. Currently, 80%of the world´s energy is supplied through the combustionof fossil fuels. Not only are the fossil resources limited, theutilisation also increases the level of greenhouse gases in theatmosphere. The convertion to a sustainable energy system isproblematic since the technology needed to exploit mostnon-fossil energy sources is not yet fully developed, e.g.solar energy. Biofuel is an available renewable energy sourcewhich is already widely used in many countries. If an effectiveswitch-over from fossil fuels to biofuels is to be realised,biofuels must be viewed as a limited resource. Consequently, itis important that the handling, upgrading and utilisationprocesses involving biofuels are efficient so that itspotential can be fully exploited. This thesis considers efficient biofuel utilisation andupgrading within the sawmill industry. The goal has been toanalyse not only the technical opportunities for energy savingsin the sawmill industry, but also to analyse the costeffectiveness and environmental impact of studied measures. Theheat demand of the sawmill industry is almost completelycovered by its own by-products; primarily bark, sawdust andwood chips. The increased demand and improved economic value ofwoody biofuels on the market is thus an incentive for thesawmill industry to place more focus on energy issues. Thesawmill industry also has a more or less constant heat loadover the year, which is a beneficial factor for integrationwith district heating networks, biofuel upgrading plants andcombined heat and power plants. The conclusion of the study is that a variety of energyproducts such as heat, unrefined biofuel, pellets andelectricity can be efficiently produced in the sawmill industryand sold for profit to external customers. The payback periodsfor the proposed investments are moderate and both theemissions of volatile organic compounds and global CO2 aredecreased. Should the proposed measures be fully implemented atSwedish sawmills, about 2.8 TWh of biofuel could be savedannually, 0.5 TWh of waste heat could be sold as districtheating and 0.8 TWh of green electricity could be produced.Language: English Keywords:Sawmill industry, energy efficiency, heatrecovery, integration, biofuel, upgrading, district heating,fuel pellets, CHP, VOC, CO2
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