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- Cano, J. M., et al.
(author)
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First-generation linkage map for the common frog Rana temporaria reveals sex-linkage group
- 2011
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In: Heredity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-067X .- 1365-2540. ; 107:6, s. 530-536
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The common frog (Rana temporaria) has become a model species in the fields of ecology and evolutionary biology. However, lack of genomic resources has been limiting utility of this species for detailed evolutionary genetic studies. Using a set of 107 informative microsatellite markers genotyped in a large full-sib family (800 F1 offspring), we created the first linkage map for this species. This partial map-distributed over 15 linkage groups-has a total length of 1698.8 cM. In line with the fact that males are the heterogametic sex in this species and a reduction of recombination is expected, we observed a lower recombination rate in the males (map length: 1371.5 cM) as compared with females (2089.8 cM). Furthermore, three loci previously documented to be sex-linked (that is, carrying male-specific alleles) in adults from the wild mapped to the same linkage group. The linkage map described in this study is one of the densest ones available for amphibians. The discovery of a sex linkage group in Rana temporaria, as well as other regions with strongly reduced male recombination rates, should help to uncover the genetic underpinnings of the sex-determination system in this species. As the number of linkage groups found (n = 15) is quite close to the actual number of chromosomes (n = 13), the map should provide a useful resource for further evolutionary, ecological and conservation genetic work in this and other closely related species.
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- Poutiainen, E., et al.
(author)
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Cognitive decline in patients with symptomtic HIV-1 infection : No decline in asymptomatic infection
- 1996
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In: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6314 .- 1600-0404. ; 93:6, s. 421-7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Thirty-six HIV-1-infected predominantly well-functioning subjects were followed up for one year by repeated neuropsychological, clinical neurological, neuroradiological, and immunological examinations. Changes in cognitive performance related to the severity of HIV-1 infection as well as to neuroradiological or immunological changes were studied. A decline in cognitive speed and flexibility was found in symptomatic subjects (ARC, AIDS). The impairment was especially pronounced in patients with progression of brain atrophy. These findings suggest a brain pathology underlying the cognitive decline in ambulatory outpatients with symptomatic HIV-1 infection. A practice effect was found in asymptomatic subjects (ASX, LAS) and in those with unchanged CT/MRI scans. No systematic relationship was found between cognitive change and immunological change.
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