| 1. |
- Alejano, L. R., et al.
(author)
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Rock engineering design and the evolution of Eurocode 7
- 2013
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In: ISRM International Symposium - EUROCK 2013. - : International Society for Rock Mechanics. - 9781138000803 ; , s. 777-782
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Eurocode for Geotechnical Design, EN-1997-1:2004, informally known as Eurocode 7 or EC7, was fully implemented within the European Union in 2010. This Eurocode is intended to apply to all geotechnical engineering design, including rock engineering. In recognition that all codes must continue to evolve in order to remain applicable, and the long time that such evolution takes, work is already underway under the auspices of the European Committee for Standardisation, CEN, to identify how the code should develop for future revisions. This paper presents a summary of the maintenance procedures for Eurocodes in general and the specific maintenance work currently being undertaken on EC7 in respect of rock engineering design. It also highlights potential future development of EC7, and the need for enthusiastic involvement by the European rock engineering community to direct these developments.
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| 2. |
- Harrison, J. P., et al.
(author)
-
Rock engineering design and the evolution of Eurocode 7 : The critical six years to 2020
- 2017
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In: 13th ISRM International Congress of Rock Mechanics. - : International Society for Rock Mechanics. - 9781926872254
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In 2010, the Eurocode for Geotechnical Design, EN-1997-1:2004 (CEN, 2004), informally known as Eurocode 7 or EC7, became the Reference Design Code (RDC) for geotechnical design - including rock engineering design - within the European Union (EU). EC7 is one standard within the comprehensive Structural Eurocode suite, which as a whole has been also adopted by a number of other countries beyond the EU. EC7 is thus becoming a key design standard for geotechnical engineering worldwide. As part of the Structural Eurocode suite, EC7 requires designs to adhere to the principles of Limit State Design. However, it is not clear that current rock engineering design practice can satisfy this requirement. In addition, evidence is accumulating that EC7 is currently difficult to apply to, and may even be inappropriate for, rock engineering design. These issues may be due to the fact that the development of EC7 to date took place without any formal input from the international rock mechanics and rock engineering community. In early 2011 under the auspices of CEN (Comité Européen de Normalisation / European Committee for Standardisation), EC7 entered a formal period of maintenance which was aimed at improving the applicability and ease-of-use of the Code. This maintenance cycle will conclude in 2020 with the publication of a revised version of EC7. This paper describes a number of critical aspects for rock engineering in the context of EC7, in particular the following: - the history of the Structural Eurocodes and the concepts they embody; - the nature of Limit State Design and the challenges and opportunities it poses for rock engineering design; - the formal means by which the Structural Eurocode maintenance cycle proceeds; - the plans currently being developed for improving EC7 with regard to rock engineering design and construction; - the unique and vital opportunity for the entire international rock mechanics and rock engineering community to comment on the Code and make suggestions for its improvement.
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| 3. |
- Lamas, L., et al.
(author)
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Revision of the Eurocodes – aspects of geotechnical and rock engineering design
- 2020
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In: ISRM International Symposium - EUROCK 2020. - : International Society for Rock Mechanics.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Structural Eurocodes (EN 199x) are a suite of European standards for the design of buildings and civil engineering works, published in 2006 by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and with implementation starting in 2010. EN 1990 sets the basis of structural design, with the other Eurocodes dealing with different materials and specific aspects of the design; Eurocode 7 (EN 1997) deals with geotechnical aspects. In 2010, CEN began a process of evolving the Eurocodes in order to incorporate improvements that reflect the state-of-the-art in engineering design and the needs of the civil engineering market; to improve the ease-of-use of the standards; and to harmonize practice between countries. The existing EN 1990 is founded on limit state concepts, and reliability of design is provided mainly by a semi-probabilistic method based on partial factors. Applying the same method to geotechnical design has proved to be difficult, and the revised EN 1990 will present improvements concerning geotechnical design. Reflecting these changes, the title of EN 1990 was changed to “Basis of structural and geotechnical design”. Although initially developed for structures involving soils, Eurocode 7 is also applicable to rock engineering design. A major target of the current revision is that the code should treat soil and rock on an equal basis. The evolution of the Eurocode 7 has been accompanied by a group of rock engineering experts working under CEN, who started their activity in 2011. The paper is authored by the current members of this group and presents the situation of the revision of Eurocode 7 in October 2019, namely: the main objectives of the revision; the new structure adopted for the code, with three parts, and the implementation schedule of the revised Eurocodes; the main changes implemented so far in geotechnical design and rock engineering; the main rock engineering aspects still needing to be addressed.
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| 4. |
- Stille, Håkan, et al.
(author)
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How to refine the observational method as described in EC7 in applied rock mechanics
- 2014
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In: Rock Engineering and Rock Mechanics. - : Taylor & Francis Group. ; , s. 1471-1474
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The design following EC7 must be based on a combination of calculations, prescriptive measures, experimental model and observational method. The observational method must rely on the best design that can be done in advance taken in account all prevailing uncertainties, aleatoric or epistemic. In rock mechanics, as we don't usually know the state of stress or strain in the rock, active or interactive design shall rely on the deformations measures aswell as on good knowledge of the geology and structure of the rock mass to define limit states. The peculiarities due to rock mechanics in the enforcement of the observational method are emphasized. Some directions for active design will be given to better define the method and insure safe design.
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