| 1. |
- Bernhardsson, Christian, et al.
(author)
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Environmental radiation baseline around the Belarusian nuclear power plant – assessments in Belarus and Lithuania
- 2023
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In: Medical Physics in the Baltic States : Proceedings of the 16<sup>th</sup> International Conference on Medical Physics - Proceedings of the 16<sup>th</sup> International Conference on Medical Physics. - 1822-5721. ; , s. 121-125
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Prior to the operation of the first Belarussian nuclear power plant (BelNPP), the baseline of the radiation environment was determined within a radius of about 30 km from BelNPP. This independent assessment was carried out during two expeditions in 2019. In 2022, a similar survey was carried out (during the initialoperation of BelNPP) on the Lithuanian side of the boarder. Here we present the overall project and some general results of the baseline assessments.
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| 2. |
- Bernhardsson, Christian, et al.
(author)
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Household salt (NaCl) for optically stimulated luminescence dosimetry: an overview
- 2021
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In: Medical Physics in the Baltic States : Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Medical Physics - Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Medical Physics. - 1822-5721. ; , s. 90-94
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This brief overview of the use of household salt (NaCl) in optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimetry is focusing on the use of NaCl pellets. It is suggested that the most optimal use of household NaCl, in general prospective dosimetry, is to compress the salt grains to pellets and read the radiation induced signal using OSL rather than TL. A summary of the main OSL dosimetric properties is provided for two Swedish household salts, and compared to the OSL properties of 100 different salts from all over the world.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bernhardsson, Christian, et al.
(author)
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ZERO POINT ASSESSMENT OF THE RADIATION ENVIRONMENT – EXAMPLES OF A PROGRAM APPLIED IN SWEDEN (ESS) AND IN BELARUS (BELNPP)
- 2019
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In: MEDICAL PHYSICS IN THE BALTIC STATES : Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Medical Physics - Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Medical Physics. ; , s. 85-88
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Before commissioning of a nuclear facility it is important to determine the baseline of the radiation environment. Such baseline or Zero Point assessments can only,and uniquely, be made before start of operation of the facility and will serve several purposes when the facility is in operation. Here we report on the planning and implementation of such a Zero Point program for achieving high reproducibility and effectiveness of the assessments around two nuclear installations.
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| 5. |
- Chipiga, Larisa, et al.
(author)
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Assesment of patient doses and possible approaches for implementation of optimization procedures in PET/CT examinations in the Russian Federation
- 2017
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In: Medical Physics in the Baltic States : Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Medical Physics - Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Medical Physics. - 1822-5721. ; , s. 36-40
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A dose survey of positron emission tomography (PET) examinations was performed in 12 regions of the Russian Federation, where the effective dose values were assessed for the various types of PET examinations. The comparison to similar published data show that the patient doses in Russia are higher than in other countries. Low-dose CT protocols and justification of multiphase CT protocols should be considered for future optimization and radiation protection of patients.
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| 6. |
- Chipiga, Larisa, et al.
(author)
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Assessment of patient doses and corresponding radiation risks from PET/CT examinations in the Russian Federation
- 2019
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In: 5th International Conference on X-Ray, Electrovacuum and Biomedical Technique. - : Author(s). - 9780735418196 ; 2089
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the current study we evaluated the structure of positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) diagnostics in the Russian Federation. Patient effective doses, organ doses and corresponding radiation risks for the most common PET/CT examinations were evaluated. Data was collected in 12 regions of the Russian Federation in the period 2012-2017 in 19 facilities (26 PET/CT scanners, corresponding to more than 60 % of the scanners in the country). Typical administered activities and DLP values for the CT protocols were estimated with the subsequent calculation of typical organ and effective doses from external and internal exposure. Lifetime radiation detriment-adjusted risks were calculated based on both the effective dose and organ absorbed doses considering the gender of the patient. The results of the dose survey indicate that the most common PET/CT examinations are whole body and brain examinations with 18F-FDG (performed in 26 and 8 surveyed departments respectively). Other PET/CT examinations are significantly less common. The highest patient doses were calculated for whole body PET/CT examinations - about 20 mSv. The doses increase up to 35-40 mSv if multiphase CT scan was performed, the CT scan composed up to 70-90 % of the total effective dose. Lifetime detriment-adjusted risk was estimated for PET/CT examinations of the brain as 2·10 -4 ; for pelvic as 5·10 -4 , and may reach up to 10 -3 for whole body PET/CT examinations. Comparison of risks assessed by two approaches indicated that the simplified risk assessment based on effective dose overestimated the risk for PET/CT examinations of the brain (both genders) and for whole body and pelvic examinations (males only). Overall, differences in male and female patients can reach up to the 30 %.
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| 7. |
- Chipiga, Larisa, et al.
(author)
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Comparison of organ absorbed doses in whole-body computed tomography scans of paediatric and adult patient models estimated by different methods
- 2021
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In: Radiation Protection Dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0144-8420 .- 1742-3406. ; 195:3-4, s. 246-256
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study aimed to identify the uncertainty in estimations of organ absorbed dose using dedicated software by comparing with corresponding doses measured in physical phantoms. The comparison was performed for whole-body computed tomography (CT) obtained as part of positron emission tomography. Whole-body CT scans provide an advantage in terms of comparison because all organs are in the primary beam of the irradiated area. Organ doses estimated by the different software programs (CT-Expo, VirtualDose and NCICT) were compared by thermoluminescent detector measurements in anthropomorphic phantoms in 1-y-old, 5-y-old and adult patients. Differences were within ~15% in 12 major organs. However, differences of ~30% were observed in organs located at slightly different positions in the computational models compared to the physical phantoms. All investigated programs were deemed suitable for accurate estimation of organ absorbed dose.
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| 8. |
- Chipiga, Larisa, et al.
(author)
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Potential for the establishment of national CT diagnostic reference levels in the Russian Federation
- 2017
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In: International Conference on Radiation Protection in Medicine 11-15 December 2017.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Computed tomography (CT) is a widespread diagnostic modality that is commonly associated with relatively high patient doses. Hence, optimization of radiation protection of the patients from CT examinations is extremely important. An integrant part of radiation protection in medicine is a system of diagnostic reference levels (DRLs). The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibility of establishing DRLs for typical CT examinations on national level in the Russian Federation. The study is based on the dose surveys performed in different regions of Russia in 2009-2017. Data was collected on the mostcommon native and multiphase CT examinations as well as whole body CT as a part of positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) examinations. Establishment of DRLs on the region level in Russia iscomplicated due to the high number of regions and limited availability of dose data. Comparison between typical dose distributions indicated no significant regional differences, hence allowing establishing DRLs on the national level. The 75% percentiles of both DLP and effective dose distributions were proposed as the preliminary values of national DRLs. It was proposed to establish DRLs for whole native CT examinations or for one phase of multiphase CT examination.
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| 9. |
- Ramzaev, Valery, et al.
(author)
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Ambient dose equivalent rates of gamma radiation from natural radionuclides and 137Cs at grasslands and forests in the area of the Belarusian NPP in the pre-commissioning period (2019)
- 2024
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In: Radiation Protection Dosimetry. - 0144-8420. ; 200:5, s. 496-503
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In situ gamma-spectrometric measurements were performed at grasslands (45 plots) and forests (6 plots) in the vicinity of the Belarusian nuclear power plant in September–October 2019. The aim of the study was to evaluate the baseline level of ambient dose equivalent rates of gamma radiation from natural radionuclides and 137Cs in the period preceding the commissioning of the NPP. The study revealed more than a 2-fold variability in values of the total ambient dose equivalent rate: from 29 to 72 nSv/h. This spread can be explained by variability in the content of natural radionuclides in the environment and, accordingly, ambient dose equivalent rate. At forest sites, compared to grassland sites, the values of ambient dose equivalent rates of gamma radiation from natural radionuclides were statistically significantly lower. The contribution of gamma radiation from 137Cs to the total ambient dose equivalent rate was insignificant and averaged 3% for grasslands and 6% for forests.
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| 10. |
- Vodovatov, Aleksandr, et al.
(author)
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Esitmation of effective doses for barium meal fluoroscopic examinations
- 2017
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In: Medical Physics in the Baltic States : Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Medical Physics - Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Medical Physics. - 1822-5721. ; , s. 137-141
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the current study is to establish conversion coefficients (CCs) from dose-area product to effective dose for barium meal (BM) fluoroscopic examinations. The study is based on data collected at a major University hospital in St-Petersburg, Russia. The structure of the BM examinations was evaluated and a computational model for effective dose estimation, using PCXMC 2.0 software, was developed. Resulting values of CCs estimated in the study were comparable with previously published data for BM examinations.
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