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- Schael, S, et al.
(author)
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Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- 2006
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In: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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- Campbell, PJ, et al.
(author)
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Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes
- 2020
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 578:7793, s. 82-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale1–3. Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4–5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter4; identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation5,6; analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution7; describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity8,9; and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes8,10–18.
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5. |
- CRISTANCHO, F, et al.
(author)
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MULTIPLE SUPERDEFORMED BANDS IN SR-81
- 1995
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In: Physics Letters B. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 357:3, s. 281-286
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Four superdeformed bands extending over five to twelve transitions have been identified in Sr-81 from a study With the Gammasphere array and the Microball charged-particle array, One of the bands shows an upbend in the dynamic moment of inertia at a rotational frequency of 1.2 MeV and all bands exhibit a nearly constant moment of inertia below that frequency.
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- JIN, HQ, et al.
(author)
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IDENTIFICATION AND QUADRUPOLE-MOMENT MEASUREMENT OF A SUPERDEFORMED BAND IN ZR-84
- 1995
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In: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 75:8, s. 1471-1474
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High-spin states in Zr-84 were studied using the early implementation phase of the Gammasphere array and the ''Microball'' charged-particle detector system. A cascade of nine gamma rays with a dynamic moment of inertia which is characteristic of superdeformed rotational bands in the A = 80 region has been identified and assigned to Zr-84. The measured transition quadrupole moment of the band corresponds to a prolate quadrupole deformation of beta(2) = 0.53 and confirms the superdeformed nature of this band. This is the first direct experimental confirmation of the existence of the predicted superdeformed shell gap at N similar or equal to 44 particle number.
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- LAFOSSE, DR, et al.
(author)
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CHARACTERIZATION OF THE FIRST SUPERDEFORMED BAND IN THE A-APPROXIMATE-TO-80 REGION
- 1995
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In: Physics Letters B. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 354:1-2, s. 34-40
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The recently discovered superdeformed band in one of the strontium isotopes has been identified as belonging to Sr-83 from a study with the Gammasphere array and the Microball charged-particle detector system. From its decay pattern, a spin of (81 +/- 2)/2 ($) over bar h is deduced for the highest level of this band. Evidence for very fast transition rates and agreement of the characteristics of this band with the theoretical predictions establish the yrast superdeformed nature of this band in Sr-83.
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