| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(author)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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In: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
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- 2019
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 5. |
- Han, Xin-Bao, et al.
(author)
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Fe-substituted cobalt-phosphate polyoxometalates as enhanced oxygen evolution catalysts in acidic media
- 2020
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In: Cuihuà xuébào. - : Science Press. - 0253-9837 .- 1872-2067. ; 41:5, s. 853-857
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- All-inorganic and earth-abundant bi-/trimetallic hydr(oxy)oxides are widely used as oxygen evolution electrocatalysts owing to their remarkable performance. However, their atomically precise structures remain undefined, complicating their optimization and limiting the understanding of their enhanced performance. Here, the underlying structure-property correlation is explored by using a well-defined cobalt-phosphate polyoxometalate cluster [{Co-4(OH)(3)(PO4)}(4)(SiW9O34)(4)](32-) (1), which may serve as a molecular model of multimetal hydr(oxy)oxides. The catalytic activity is enhanced upon replacing Co by Fe in 1, resulting in a reduced overpotential (385 mV) for oxygen evolution (by 66 mV) compared to that of the parent 1 at 10 mA cm(-2) in an acidic medium; this overpotential is comparable to that for the IrO2 catalyst. These abundant-metal-based polyoxometalates exhibit high stability, with no evidence of degradation even after 24 h of operation.
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| 6. |
- Kinyoki, DK, et al.
(author)
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Mapping child growth failure across low- and middle-income countries
- 2020
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 577:7789, s. 231-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Childhood malnutrition is associated with high morbidity and mortality globally1. Undernourished children are more likely to experience cognitive, physical, and metabolic developmental impairments that can lead to later cardiovascular disease, reduced intellectual ability and school attainment, and reduced economic productivity in adulthood2. Child growth failure (CGF), expressed as stunting, wasting, and underweight in children under five years of age (0–59 months), is a specific subset of undernutrition characterized by insufficient height or weight against age-specific growth reference standards3–5. The prevalence of stunting, wasting, or underweight in children under five is the proportion of children with a height-for-age, weight-for-height, or weight-for-age z-score, respectively, that is more than two standard deviations below the World Health Organization’s median growth reference standards for a healthy population6. Subnational estimates of CGF report substantial heterogeneity within countries, but are available primarily at the first administrative level (for example, states or provinces)7; the uneven geographical distribution of CGF has motivated further calls for assessments that can match the local scale of many public health programmes8. Building from our previous work mapping CGF in Africa9, here we provide the first, to our knowledge, mapped high-spatial-resolution estimates of CGF indicators from 2000 to 2017 across 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where 99% of affected children live1, aggregated to policy-relevant first and second (for example, districts or counties) administrative-level units and national levels. Despite remarkable declines over the study period, many LMICs remain far from the ambitious World Health Organization Global Nutrition Targets to reduce stunting by 40% and wasting to less than 5% by 2025. Large disparities in prevalence and progress exist across and within countries; our maps identify high-prevalence areas even within nations otherwise succeeding in reducing overall CGF prevalence. By highlighting where the highest-need populations reside, these geospatial estimates can support policy-makers in planning interventions that are adapted locally and in efficiently directing resources towards reducing CGF and its health implications.
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