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| 2. |
- Falster, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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AusTraits, a curated plant trait database for the Australian flora
- 2021
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In: Scientific Data. - : Nature Portfolio. - 2052-4463. ; 8:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We introduce the AusTraits database - a compilation of values of plant traits for taxa in the Australian flora (hereafter AusTraits). AusTraits synthesises data on 448 traits across 28,640 taxa from field campaigns, published literature, taxonomic monographs, and individual taxon descriptions. Traits vary in scope from physiological measures of performance (e.g. photosynthetic gas exchange, water-use efficiency) to morphological attributes (e.g. leaf area, seed mass, plant height) which link to aspects of ecological variation. AusTraits contains curated and harmonised individual- and species-level measurements coupled to, where available, contextual information on site properties and experimental conditions. This article provides information on version 3.0.2 of AusTraits which contains data for 997,808 trait-by-taxon combinations. We envision AusTraits as an ongoing collaborative initiative for easily archiving and sharing trait data, which also provides a template for other national or regional initiatives globally to fill persistent gaps in trait knowledge.
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| 3. |
- Jarvis, Erich D., et al.
(author)
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Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds
- 2014
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In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 346:6215, s. 1320-1331
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To better determine the history of modern birds, we performed a genome-scale phylogenetic analysis of 48 species representing all orders of Neoaves using phylogenomic methods created to handle genome-scale data. We recovered a highly resolved tree that confirms previously controversial sister or close relationships. We identified the first divergence in Neoaves, two groups we named Passerea and Columbea, representing independent lineages of diverse and convergently evolved land and water bird species. Among Passerea, we infer the common ancestor of core landbirds to have been an apex predator and confirm independent gains of vocal learning. Among Columbea, we identify pigeons and flamingoes as belonging to sister clades. Even with whole genomes, some of the earliest branches in Neoaves proved challenging to resolve, which was best explained by massive protein-coding sequence convergence and high levels of incomplete lineage sorting that occurred during a rapid radiation after the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event about 66 million years ago.
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| 5. |
- Surendran, Praveen, et al.
(author)
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Discovery of rare variants associated with blood pressure regulation through meta-analysis of 1.3 million individuals
- 2020
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In: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 52:12, s. 1314-1332
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Genetic studies of blood pressure (BP) to date have mainly analyzed common variants (minor allele frequency > 0.05). In a meta-analysis of up to similar to 1.3 million participants, we discovered 106 new BP-associated genomic regions and 87 rare (minor allele frequency <= 0.01) variant BP associations (P < 5 x 10(-8)), of which 32 were in new BP-associated loci and 55 were independent BP-associated single-nucleotide variants within known BP-associated regions. Average effects of rare variants (44% coding) were similar to 8 times larger than common variant effects and indicate potential candidate causal genes at new and known loci (for example, GATA5 and PLCB3). BP-associated variants (including rare and common) were enriched in regions of active chromatin in fetal tissues, potentially linking fetal development with BP regulation in later life. Multivariable Mendelian randomization suggested possible inverse effects of elevated systolic and diastolic BP on large artery stroke. Our study demonstrates the utility of rare-variant analyses for identifying candidate genes and the results highlight potential therapeutic targets.
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| 7. |
- Brose, Ulrich, et al.
(author)
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Body sizes of consumers and their resources
- 2005
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In: Ecology. - : Ecological Society of America. - 0012-9658 .- 1939-9170. ; 86:9, s. 2545-2545
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Trophic information—who eats whom—and species’ body sizes are two of the most basic descriptions necessary to understand community structure as well as ecological and evolutionary dynamics. Consumer–resource body size ratios between predators and their prey, and parasitoids and their hosts, have recently gained increasing attention due to their important implications for species’ interaction strengths and dynamical population stability. This data set documents body sizes of consumers and their resources. We gathered body size data for the food webs of Skipwith Pond, a parasitoid community of grass-feeding chalcid wasps in British grasslands; the pelagic community of the Benguela system, a source web based on broom in the United Kingdom; Broadstone Stream, UK; the Grand Caric¸aie marsh at Lake Neuchaˆtel, Switzerland; Tuesday Lake, USA; alpine lakes in the Sierra Nevada of California; Mill Stream, UK; and the eastern Weddell Sea Shelf, Antarctica. Further consumer–resource body size data are included for planktonic predators, predatory nematodes, parasitoids, marine fish predators, freshwater invertebrates, Australian terrestrial consumers, and aphid parasitoids. Containing 16 807 records, this is the largest data set ever compiled for body sizes of consumers and their resources. In addition to body sizes, the data set includes information on consumer and resource taxonomy, the geographic location of the study, the habitat studied, the type of the feeding interaction (e.g., predacious, parasitic) and the metabolic categories of the species (e.g., invertebrate, ectotherm vertebrate). The present data set was gathered with the intent to stimulate research on effects of consumer–resource body size patterns on food-web structure, interaction-strength distributions, population dynamics, and community stability. The use of a common data set may facilitate cross-study comparisons and understanding of the relationships between different scientific approaches and models.
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| 8. |
- Brown, James Benedict, 1982-, et al.
(author)
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Let Loose the Loganberries of War : Making Noise and Occupying Space in Govanhill
- 2010
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In: Field. - : Sheffield School of Architecture. - 1755-0068. ; 3:1, s. 125-131
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the early hours of Tuesday 7 August 2001 approximately two hundred and fifty police officers - including mounted officers and an aerial surveillance unit - converged on Calder Street in the Glasgow neighbourhood of Govanhill. Accompanied by eight sheriff's officers bearing court orders for eviction, they had come to bring to an end the longest public occupation of a civic building in British history. For the previous 135 days up to seventy local residents at a time had occupied a building described by Historic Scotland as 'an architecturally and historically important part of the city’s history ... particularly important culturally in that until recently they offered a valued and distinctive facility open to all members of the community.'2 It took almost twenty hours to evict the protesters and seal the building with steel shutters. By late evening a crowd of approximately 200 people had gathered on the streets outside. Eggs, flour bombs and fruit were thrown at police officers, and the air was thick with the overpowering stench of garlic powder, three catering-sized tubs of which had been emptied around the building to confuse sniffer dogs sent into to locate the last of the protesters.
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| 9. |
- Galvin, Tom, et al.
(author)
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Characterisation of SiC Varistor Quench Protection Operating at 4 Kelvin for Use With Superconducting Magnets
- 2023
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In: IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity (Print). - : IEEE. - 1051-8223 .- 1558-2515. ; 33:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Silicon carbide (SiC) composite high-energy varistors have been demonstrated as a viable alternative to linear resistors as energy extraction devices during an abrupt loss of superconductivity in a magnet, called a quench. These have typically been installed external to the cryostat at ambient temperatures, but for some superconducting magnets it may be beneficial to mount the varistors within the cryostat in vacuum, a gaseous environment, or submerged in liquid cryogens. Varistors are semiconductors and therefore exhibit a temperature-dependent voltage-current relationship, so characterising their behaviour at low temperatures is important to predict their energy extraction behaviour. In this paper we present characterisation data of SiC varistor devices from 4-300 K: voltage-current characteristics, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, thermal expansion, and flexural strength. These varistors are a candidate for protection at 1.9 K of the MCBY magnets, currently being built at Uppsala University for CERN.
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| 10. |
- Hoencamp, Claire, et al.
(author)
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3D genomics across the tree of life reveals condensin II as a determinant of architecture type
- 2021
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In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 372:6545, s. 984-989
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigated genome folding across the eukaryotic tree of life. We find two types of three-dimensional (3D) genome architectures at the chromosome scale. Each type appears and disappears repeatedly during eukaryotic evolution. The type of genome architecture that an organism exhibits correlates with the absence of condensin II subunits. Moreover, condensin II depletion converts the architecture of the human genome to a state resembling that seen in organisms such as fungi or mosquitoes. In this state, centromeres cluster together at nucleoli, and heterochromatin domains merge. We propose a physical model in which lengthwise compaction of chromosomes by condensin II during mitosis determines chromosome-scale genome architecture, with effects that are retained during the subsequent interphase. This mechanism likely has been conserved since the last common ancestor of all eukaryotes.
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