| 1. |
- Abe, K., et al.
(author)
-
J-PARC Neutrino Beamline Upgrade Technical Design Report
- 2019
-
Reports (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this document, technical details of the upgrade plan of the J-PARC neutrino beamline for the extension of the T2K experiment are described. T2K has proposed to accumulate data corresponding to 2×1022 protons-on-target in the next decade, aiming at an initial observation of CP violation with 3σ or higher significance in the case of maximal CP violation. Methods to increase the neutrino beam intensity, which are necessary to achieve the proposed data increase, are described.
|
|
| 2. |
- Andersson, Anton B., 1986-, et al.
(author)
-
Navigating bias? An assessment of access to, use of, and returns to social capital in the school-to-work transition of descendants of immigrants
- 2024
-
In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility. - 0276-5624 .- 1878-5654. ; 91
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research in several advanced economies has found that the descendants of immigrants tend to experience persistent difficulties in entering the labour market. This article tests whether social capital contributes to the disadvantage of descendants of immigrants in the school-to-work transition when compared to their native-background peers in Sweden. The study uses the CILS4EU survey, which provides information on friendship ties measured at age 15 and labour market outcomes at age 19. This allows for an analysis of networks formed before labour market entrance, an extensive control setup, and a comparison of measures of outgoing, incoming, and reciprocated friendship ties. The results show that the descendants of immigrants have access to less social capital measured as employed friends, but that they are as likely as natives to use their contacts to obtain a job. The returns to social capital are similar in terms of unemployment risk, but descendants of immigrants have a lower payoff when it comes to earnings. The study concludes that social capital contributes to, but is not the main driver of their labour market disadvantage in the school-to-work transition.
|
|
| 3. |
- Weber, Rosa, 1991-
(author)
-
Apprehension and educational outcomes among Hispanic students in the United States : The impact of Secure Communities
- 2022
-
In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 17:10
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Prior research suggests that disruptive events, such as shocks induced by family instability, neighborhood violence, or relocation, tend to be detrimental for children’s educational outcomes, but findings are heterogeneous depending on the type of event. Limited evidence is available on how shocks resulting from immigration enforcement impact educational outcomes among targeted minority groups. This study contributes to the literature by assessing how a policy implementation in the US–Secure Communities–is related to the school district level achievement of Hispanic students. The Secure Communities program is a national level immigration enforcement policy that was rolled out on a county-by-county basis. The program has increased the risk of deportation and led to rising apprehension and insecurity among undocumented migrants and the wider Hispanic community. Using detailed information on the implementation of Secure Communities, data from the Stanford Education Data Archive, and the Current Population Survey, this study estimates dynamic difference in differences exploiting regional variation in the timing of the policy change to assess its impact on educational outcomes. Results show that the activation of Secure Communities is negatively associated with Hispanic students’ subsequent English language arts achievement, while white and black students’ achievement does not change. Findings further suggest that Hispanic students living in the South, rural areas, and areas with high proportions of likely undocumented migrants are disproportionately impacted by the program’s activation. Whereas, Hispanic students in sanctuary jurisdictions, which reduce the likelihood of deportation, are not impacted. These findings indicate that immigration enforcement can have negative consequences for educational and social inequalities in the United States.
|
|
| 4. |
- Weber, Rosa, 1991-, et al.
(author)
-
Assessing the Effect of Increased Deportations on Mexican Migrants’ Remittances and Savings Brought Home
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Beginning in the 1990s and intensifying after the events of September 11, deportations in the U.S. increased to record levels under President Obama and continue to be high today. Empirical evidence on how migrants respond to this shifting context of reception is limited. In this study, we examine how deportations affect Mexican migrants’ remittance and saving decisions. Migrant remittances and savings comprise a significant portion of foreign exchange within migrant-sending countries and foreign earnings play a central role in helping families to overcome budget constraints. Moreover, they are important indicators of integration and migrants’ levels of investment in the destination. Using detailed individual-level data from the Mexican Migration Project (MMP), we find that, among undocumented migrants, increases in deportations are associated with a shift from savings brought back to Mexico to the sending of remittances. At the same time, deportations reduce savings among documented migrants, with no corresponding increase in remittances.
|
|
| 5. |
- Weber, Rosa, 1991-, et al.
(author)
-
Assessing the Effect of Increased Deportations on Mexican Migrants’ Remittances and Savings Brought Home
- 2023
-
In: Population. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-5923 .- 1573-7829. ; 42:2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Beginning in the 1990s and intensifying after the events of September 11, deportations in the United States increased to record levels under President Obama and continued at high levels under President Trump. Although a growing literature addresses how migrants respond to the shifting context of reception, empirical evidence on how migrants’ remitting and saving behavior changed as a result of immigration enforcement remains limited. Using detailed individual-level data from the Mexican Migration Project (MMP, N = 6787) for the years 1970–2019, this study examines how deportations relate to Mexican migrants’ joint decisions to remit and/or save, and how this relationship differs by documentation status. Results from multinomial logistic regressions reveal that rising deportations are associated with an increase in the transnational economic engagement of undocumented migrants. This is largely due to an increase in remittances; savings brought back decrease with rising deportations, likely because keeping savings in the United States is riskier than sending money back directly. Among documented migrants, the remitting and saving behavior does not appear to change as deportations rise. Analyzing these behaviors together is important to gain a more complete understanding of migrants’ transnational economic ties and links to the country of destination.
|
|
| 6. |
- Weber, Rosa, 1991-
(author)
-
Borders and Barriers : Studies on Migration and Integration in the Nordic and Mexico-U.S. Settings
- 2020
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- International migration engages large numbers of people. Men, women and children break up from their homes and move to another country temporarily or permanently. Depending on the country of origin and the destination, this comes with varying degrees of uncertainties about where to settle, how much to invest in building a new life abroad and how to retain ties to the country of origin. In recent years, policies have become increasingly salient for migrants’ experiences. They impact entry possibilities and the ease of travelling back home. Increased policing of migrants can interfere in the building of a new life abroad and contribute to stress and apprehension felt among both migrants and their children. To some extent counteracting this, family and friends may provide newly arrived migrants with information on job opportunities and facilitate the transition into the new country.This dissertation analyses the links between migration and integration patterns and migrants’ ties to the home and destination country. It does this in two ultimately distinct settings when it comes to the borders and barriers that migrants face: the Nordic and Mexico-U.S. settings. Until recently, Swedish migration policy was among the most welcoming to migrants from different parts of the world. Migration within the Nordic countries, in particular, is characterised by open borders. By contrast, Mexico and the U.S. are separated by an increasingly militarised border and internal policing of migrants has risen dramatically. Consequently, these settings provide contrasting and interesting examples of the relationship between the policy context and migrants’ experiences.Study 1 shows that many moves are temporary and short term in the Nordic setting of free mobility. Still, the threshold to the first move is notably higher than for subsequent moves. Study 2 reveals that rising deportations of Mexican migrants in the U.S. are associated with a shift from savings brought home to the sending of remittances. Afraid of a sudden arrest or deportation, migrants maintain transnational ties by sending remittances back to Mexico rather than carrying savings across the border. Study 3 investigates the different roles that social contacts play for male and female migrants’ integration into the Swedish labour market. Whereas friends provide men with benefits in the labour market, women’s job search is often constrained by factors linked to having family in Sweden. Study 4 shows that the implementation of local level immigration enforcement in the U.S. has a negative impact on district level average educational achievement among Hispanic students. This indicates that integration and resulting ethnic achievement gaps are shaped by increased policing and surveillance of migrants.This dissertation reveals a series of complex relationships between migration, integration and policies. Family and kin influence migration decisions also when barriers to movement are low. In the new country, kin can assist migrants’ job search or slow it down when newly arrived migrants are expected to care for them. Policing of migrants makes it more difficult to return and may affect migrants’ abilities to invest in building a new life, as indicated by negative effects for educational outcomes among groups targeted by immigration enforcement. Taken together, these factors shape the experiences and life chances of both migrants and their children in the new country.
|
|
| 7. |
- Weber, Rosa, 1991-
(author)
-
Gender and Contacts at Arrival among Refugee and Family Reunion Migrants : Resources and Constraints
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Increasing rates of immigration have led to rising concern about integration in Europe. Previous studies point to the importance of social contacts for migrants’ labour market integration, but the literature remains inconclusive as to whether contacts provide higher returns for men or for women. This paper contributes to existing knowledge by assessing gender differences in the association between pre-migration contacts, defined as family, friends, both family and friends or no contacts, and labour market entry. Results based on the Swedish Level of Living survey of Foreign-born and their Children reveal significant gender differences. Among men, friends appear to promote labour market entry and are associated with about a two-year shorter job search than no contacts. Among women, family is associated with a two-year longer job search. This indicates that friends provide men with an added bonus in the labour market. By contrast, women’s job searches are constrained by factors linked to having family at the destination.
|
|
| 8. |
- Weber, Rosa, 1991-
(author)
-
Gender and Social Contacts: Labour Market Entry Among Refugee and Family Reunion Migrants in Sweden
- 2024
-
In: Nordic Journal of Migration Research. - 1799-649X. ; 14:3, s. 1-20
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Increasing rates of refugee and family reunion immigration have led to rising concern about integration in Europe. Previous studies point to the importance of social contacts for migrants’ labour market integration but suggest that they play different roles for men and women. Yet, less attention has been paid to the potential factors shaping gender differences. Using the Swedish Level of Living Survey of foreign-born and their children, this study (1) establishes the gender-specific role of contacts at entry into employment among refugee and family reunion migrants, and (2) analyses how educational attainment and region of origin shape gender differences. Results reveal that social contacts promote entry into employment among migrant men. In contrast, contacts are not related to a shorter time to first job among migrant women. Findings further point towards gender differences in the role of social contacts by educational attainment and region of origin. In particular, migrant men appear to benefit from their contacts largely because social contacts assist low-educated men in securing work. Among women, the role of social contacts does not differ across educational attainment. Instead, educational attainment is directly associated with time to first job, suggesting that women rely more heavily on their formal education. The returns to social contacts are heterogeneous across regions of origin, and especially so among women.
|
|
| 9. |
- Weber, Rosa, 1991-, et al.
(author)
-
Heterogeneity or consistency across life domains? An analysis of disparities between second-generation migrants and the Swedish majority population
- 2023
-
In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility. - : Elsevier BV. - 0276-5624 .- 1878-5654. ; 83
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Migrant integration is theoretically conceived as a multidimensional process where integration in one lifedomain does not necessarily imply integration in another domain. An expanding literature analyses severalaspects of the lives of migrants and their children. However, to date research has mainly assessed how attainmentin one life domain influences attainment in another domain. This study analyses the extent to which attainmentacross multiple life domains–socioeconomic, social and residential–coincides among second-generation migrants.Using Swedish register data, we compare 10,450 children of migrants from six regions of origin, who were aged30–40 in 2015, to individuals born in Sweden with two Swedish-born parents. Multigenerational linkagesmoreover allow us to control for parental socioeconomic status as well as residential characteristics whengrowing up. Our analyses reveal considerable disparities in social and residential outcomes between second-generation migrants and the Swedish majority group, as well as across origin groups. Differences in socioeco-nomic attainment are comparatively small once we account for parental characteristics and residential back-ground. Second-generation Turkish and Middle Eastern migrants differ in terms of their social and residentialoutcomes when compared to the Swedish majority group, but have commensurate socioeconomic attainment. Incontrast, we find overall consistency across domains for Polish, ex-Yugoslav and Latin American second-generation migrants. Our findings underline the importance of studying outcomes in multiple domains inorder to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the life situation of second-generation migrants.
|
|
| 10. |
- Weber, Rosa, 1991-
(author)
-
Immigration Enforcement and Apprehension : The Impact of Secure Communities on Hispanic Students’ Educational Achievement in the United States
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- High educational achievement gaps by ethnicity are documented in many countries. However, little is known about how immigration enforcement impacts educational achievement among targeted minority groups. This paper analyses the effect of a specific policy implementation in the U.S. – Secure Communities – on district level achievement of Hispanic students and their white and black peers. The Secure Communities program is a national level immigration enforcement policy that was rolled out on a county-by-county basis. The program has been instrumental in increasing the risk of deportation and has led to rising apprehension and insecurity among undocumented migrants and their family members. Results from difference in differences estimations show that Secure Communities is related to a significant decrease in English language arts achievement among Hispanic students. Triple difference in differences models, moreover, reveal a negative differential impact of Secure Communities on Hispanic students’ district level achievement when compared to white students. Estimates are substantial in relation to time trends, but modest when compared to the total ethnic achievement gap. These findings indicate that immigration enforcement can have negative impacts on educational and social inequalities in the United States.
|
|
