| 1. |
- Alam, Mohammad Anzar, et al.
(author)
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Investigation of the surface topographical differences between the Cross Direction and the Machine Direction for newspaper and paperboard
- 2011
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In: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 26:4, s. 468-475
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Paper and paperboard surface quality is constantly being improved by the industry. This improvement work deals with the essential fact that the surface topography must be measured, both in relation to offline and online measurements for the manufactured products. Most measurements relating to surface topography (especially online) are performed either in the machine direction (MD) or in the cross direction (CD). It has been the opinion of SCA Ortviken AB and Iggesund Paperboard AB that the surface topography amplitudes are almost always higher in the CD than in the MD, for their products which consist of newspaper and paperboard. This article aims to investigate the rela-tionship between the CD and the MD surface topography amplitudes for a wide range of spatial wavelength for both newspaper and paperboard. The tests and investiga-tions have been conducted using an FRT Microprof profilometer within the range 20 μm up to 8 mm, and the results confirm that the surface topography amplitudes are higher in the CD for most of the shorter spatial wavelength within this range. The results also show significant differences between measurements for different paper qualities, suggesting a requirement to investigate the relationship between the CD and the MD topography for all paper and paperboard qualities of interest for a paper or paperboard mill, before a decision is made in relation to a measurement method.
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| 2. |
- Alam, Mohammad Anzar, et al.
(author)
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Limitation of a line-of-light online paper surface measurement system
- 2014
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In: IEEE Sensors Journal. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 14:8, s. 2715-2724
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A new prototype device has been developed based on a laser triangulation principle to measure online surface topography in the paper and paperboard industries. It characterizes the surface in a wide spatial scale of topography from 0.09-10 mm. The prototype's technique projects a narrow line-of-light perpendicularly onto the moving paper-Web surface and scattered reflected light is collected at a low angle, low specular, and reduced coherent length onto the CCD sensors synchronized with the laser sources. The scattering phenomenon determines surface deviations in the z-direction. The full-width, at half-maximum of a laser line in cross section is sensitive in computation of the surface topography. The signal processing aspect of the image processing, for example, threshold and filtering algorithms are also sensitive in estimating the accurate surface features. Moreover, improper light illumination, intensity, reflection, occlusion, surface motion, and noise in the imaging sensor, and so forth, all contribute to deteriorate the measurements. Optical techniques measure the surface indirectly and, in general, an evaluation of the performance and the limitations of the technique are both essential and challenging. The paper describes the accuracy, uncertainty, and limitations of the developed technique in the raw profiles and in terms of the rms roughness. The achieved image subpixel resolution is 0.01 times a pixel. Statistically estimated uncertainty (2σ) in the laboratory environment was found 0.05 μm for a smooth sample, which provides a 95% confidence level in the rms roughness results. The depth of field of the prototype is ~2.4 mm.
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| 3. |
- Beecham, Ashley H, et al.
(author)
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Analysis of immune-related loci identifies 48 new susceptibility variants for multiple sclerosis.
- 2013
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In: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 45:11, s. 1353-60
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using the ImmunoChip custom genotyping array, we analyzed 14,498 subjects with multiple sclerosis and 24,091 healthy controls for 161,311 autosomal variants and identified 135 potentially associated regions (P < 1.0 × 10(-4)). In a replication phase, we combined these data with previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from an independent 14,802 subjects with multiple sclerosis and 26,703 healthy controls. In these 80,094 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 48 new susceptibility variants (P < 5.0 × 10(-8)), 3 of which we found after conditioning on previously identified variants. Thus, there are now 110 established multiple sclerosis risk variants at 103 discrete loci outside of the major histocompatibility complex. With high-resolution Bayesian fine mapping, we identified five regions where one variant accounted for more than 50% of the posterior probability of association. This study enhances the catalog of multiple sclerosis risk variants and illustrates the value of fine mapping in the resolution of GWAS signals.
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| 4. |
- Ernsth Bravell, Marie, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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How to assess frailty and the need for care? Report from the Study of Health and Drugs in the Elderly (SHADES) in community dwellings in Sweden
- 2011
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In: Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-6976 .- 0167-4943. ; 53:1, s. 40-45
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Knowledge about the need for care of elderly individuals in community dwellings and the factors affecting their needs and support is limited. The aim of this study was to characterize the frailty of a population of elderly individuals living in community dwellings in Sweden in relation to co-morbidity, use of drugs, and risk of severe conditions such as malnutrition, pressure ulcers, and falls. In 2008, 315 elderly individuals living in community dwellings were interviewed and examined as part of the SHADES-study. The elderly demonstrated co-morbidity (a mean of three diseases) and polypharmacy (an average of seven drugs). More than half the sample was at risk for malnutrition, one third was at risk for developing pressure ulcers, and nearly all (93%) had an increased risk of falling and a great majority had cognitive problems. Age, pulse pressure, body mass index, and specific items from the modified Norton scale (MNS), the Downton fall risk index (DFRI), and the mini nutritional assessment (MNA-SF) were related to different outcomes, defining the need for care and frailty. Based on the results of this study, we suggest a single set of items useful for understanding the need for care and to improve individual based care in community dwellings. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Jern, Christina, 1962, et al.
(author)
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Evidence of a net release of tissue-type plasminogen activator across the human cerebral vasculature.
- 2004
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In: Thrombosis and haemostasis. - 0340-6245. ; 91:5, s. 1019-25
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have earlier described models for measuring local net release rates of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) in vivo across skeletal, coronary, pulmonary, and splanchnic vascular beds. Aim of the present study was to investigate whether there is a net release of t-PA across the human cerebral vascular bed and whether an acute regulated release can be induced by sympathoadrenal activation. Fourteen male subjects undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting were investigated prior to surgery and during sternotomy-induced sympathoadrenal activation. Blood samples were obtained simultaneously from the radial artery and the jugular bulb. Blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (V(MCA)) was determined by transcranial Doppler. Cerebral net release of t-PA was calculated as the arterio-venous concentration gradient times V(MCA). Prior to surgery there was a significant cerebral net release of t-PA (131 and 42 ng/min for t-PA antigen and activity, respectively). The release was significantly induced by sternotomy (to 271 and 80 ng/min, respectively). No significant cerebral net release of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) was detected throughout the experiment. The results show that there is a basal net release of t-PA across the human cerebral vascular bed and that sympathoadrenal activation induces a local regulated release of t-PA.
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| 6. |
- Wågberg, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Spreading of droplets of different liquids on specially structured papers
- 2000
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In: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 15:5, s. 598-606
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The spreading kinetics of drops of different liquids (water, glycerol and ethylene glycol) on different types of model papers have been investigated. In the first part of the investigation single ply and two-ply papers, made from pulps with different degrees of beating, were investigated. The results show that is very common the surface layer of the paper had a much larger influence on the spreading than the bottom ply. By normalising the data showing the drop radius as a function of time with the viscosity and surface tension of the liquids all data collapse onto a master curve. The results from the first part of the investigation also show that in order to determine a contact angle between the liquid and the paper the drop volume should remain constant and the contact angle should be determined when the drop has reached its equilibrium volume. In the second part of the investigation the influence of surface topography and surface energy of the papers on the spreading kinetics was determined. The results show that when the pattern of use, the avails on the surface creates fine capillaries the contact angle is decreased compared to the situation with a flat surface. For papers with a higher roughness the uneven structure creates barriers against the spreading which increases the contact angle compared to the situation with a flat surface. A simple attempt to fit the data to a power law based on a hydrodynamic approach was also conducted. The results from this treatment show that it is possible to get a good match for the sheets with virtually only surface spreading. The constants achieved in this treatment can be used to rationalise the spreading data to be compared with other investigations.
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