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- Bergholtz, E. J., et al.
(author)
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Pfaffian quantum Hall state made simple : Multiple vacua and domain walls on a thin torus
- 2006
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In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 74:8, s. 081308-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We analyze the Moore-Read Pfaffian state on a thin torus. The known sixfold degeneracy is realized by two inequivalent crystalline states with a four- and twofold degeneracy, respectively. The fundamental quasihole and quasiparticle excitations are domain walls between these vacua, and simple counting arguments give a Hilbert space of dimension 2n−1 for 2n−k holes and k particles at fixed positions and assign each a charge ±e∕4. This generalizes the known properties of the hole excitations in the Pfaffian state as deduced using conformal field theory techniques. Numerical calculations using a model Hamiltonian and a small number of particles support the presence of a stable phase with degenerate vacua and quarter-charged domain walls also away from the thin-torus limit. A spin-chain Hamiltonian encodes the degenerate vacua and the various domain walls.
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- Kienzler, B., et al.
(author)
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Swedish-German actinide migration experiment at ASPO hard rock laboratory
- 2003
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In: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology. - 0169-7722 .- 1873-6009. ; 61:04-jan, s. 219-233
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Within the scope of a bilateral cooperation between Svensk Karnbranslehantering (SKB) and Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut fur Nukleare Entsorgung (FZK-INE), an actinide migration experiment is currently being performed at the Aspo Hard Rock Laboratory (HRL) in Sweden. This paper covers laboratory and in situ investigations on actinide migration in single-fractured granite core samples. For the in situ experiment, the CHEMLAB 2 probe developed by SKB was used. The experimental setup as well as the breakthrough of inert tracers and of the actinides Am, Np and Pu are presented. The breakthrough curves of inert tracers were analyzed to determine hydraulic properties of the fractured samples. Postmortem analyses of the solid samples were performed to characterize the flow path and the sorbed actinides. After cutting the cores, the abraded material was analyzed with respect to sorbed actinides. The slices were scanned optically to visualize the flow path. Effective volumes and inner surface areas were measured. In the experiments, only breakthrough of Np(V) was observed. In each experiment, the recovery of Np(V) was less than or equal to40%. Breakthrough of Am(III) and Pu(IV) as well as of Np(IV) was not observed.
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| 6. |
- Andersen, Grethe, et al.
(author)
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Quantitative measurement of the levels of melanocortin receptor subtype 1, 2, 3 and 5 and pro-opio-melanocortin peptide gene expression in subsets of human peripheral blood leucocytes
- 2005
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - Oxford : Wiley. - 0300-9475 .- 1365-3083. ; 61:3, s. 279-284
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Levels of the melanocortin receptor (MCR) 1, 2, 3 and 5 subtypes and pro-opio-melanocortin (POMC) protein mRNA were measured by the real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction method in CD4+ T helper (Th) cells, CD8+ T cytotoxic cells, CD19+ B cells, CD56+ natural killer (NK) cells, CD14+ monocytes and CD15+ granulocytes from healthy donors. We found high levels of all of the MC1, 2, 3 and 5R subtype mRNA in Th cells and moderate levels in NK cells, monocytes and granulocytes. POMC peptide mRNA was found in all examined leucocyte subsets, but only low levels were present in granulocytes. Our findings suggest a co-ordinating role for MCR subtypes and their naturally occurring ligands in the co-operation between innate and adaptive immunity. Moreover, our findings are compatible with earlier finding of MCR-mediated tolerance induction in Th cells.
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| 9. |
- Neumann Andersen, Grethe, et al.
(author)
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MC(1) receptors are constitutively expressed on leucocyte subpopulations with antigen presenting and cytotoxic functions.
- 2001
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In: Clinical and Experimental Immunology. - 0009-9104 .- 1365-2249. ; 126:3, s. 441-6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The expression of melanocortin MC(1) receptors on human peripheral lymphocyte subsets was analysed by flow cytometry using rabbit antibodies selective for the human MC(1) receptor and a panel of monoclonal antibodies against lymphocyte differentiation markers. The MC(1) receptor was found to be constitutively expressed on monocytes/macrophages, B-lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells and a subset of cytotoxic T-cells. Interestingly T-helper cells appeared to be essentially devoid of MC(1) receptors. The results were confirmed by RT-PCR which indicated strong expression of MC(1) receptor mRNA in CD14(+), CD19(+) and CD56(+) cells. However, only a faint RT-PCR signal was seen in CD3(+) cells, in line with the immuno-staining results that indicated that only part of the CD3(+) cells (i.e. some of the CD8(+) cells) expressed the MC(1) receptor. The MC(1) receptors' constitutive expression on immune cells with antigen-presenting and cytotoxic functions implies important roles for the melanocortic system in the modulation of immune responses.
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