| 1. |
- Tano, Stina A., et al.
(author)
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Tropical seaweed beds as important habitats for juvenile fish
- 2017
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In: Marine and Freshwater Research. - 1323-1650 .- 1448-6059. ; 68:10, s. 1921-1934
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Seaweed beds within tropical seascapes have received little attention as potential fish habitat, despite other vegetated habitats, such as seagrass meadows and mangroves, commonly being recognised as important nurseries for numerous fish species. In addition, studies of vegetated habitats rarely investigate fish assemblages across different macrophyte communities. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of tropical seaweed beds as fish habitat, particularly for juvenile fish, by comparing their fish assemblages with those of closely situated seagrass beds. Fish assemblages were assessed by visual census in belt transects, where fish were identified and their length estimated, and habitat variables were estimated for each transect. The abundance of juvenile fish in seaweed beds was twice as high as that in seagrass meadows, whereas there was no difference in total, subadult or adult fish abundance. In addition, the abundance of commercially important and coral reef-associated juveniles was higher in seaweed beds, as was fish species richness. Fish assemblages differed between habitats, with siganids being more common in seagrass meadows and juvenile Labridae and Serranidae more common in seaweed beds. These results highlight that tropical seaweed beds are important juvenile fish habitats and underscore the need to widen the view of the shallow tropical seascape.
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| 2. |
- Staveley, Thomas A. B., et al.
(author)
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Exploring seagrass fish assemblages in relation to the habitat patch mosaic in the brackish Baltic Sea
- 2020
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In: Marine Biodiversity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1867-1616 .- 1867-1624. ; 50:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Assessing the influence of habitat patch dynamics on faunal communities is a growing area of interest within marine ecological studies. This study sets out to determine fish assemblage composition in Zostera marina (L.) meadows and ascertain how habitat structural complexity and seascape structure (i.e. composition and configuration of habitat patches) influenced these assemblages in the northern Baltic Sea. Using ten seascapes (600m in diameter), the fish assemblage was surveyed both in summer and autumn using beach seine. We found that the fish assemblage was clearly dominated by sticklebacks, followed by pipefish and with a general absence of larger piscivorous species. Biomass of fish did not differ between seasons, and low-level carnivores dominated the trophic structure. Overall, at the larger seascape-scale in summer, the proportion of bare soft sediment showed a negative relationship with fish biomass, while diversity of patches was found to exhibit a positive association with fish biomass. At the smaller habitat scale, both seagrass shoot height and density had a negative influence on fish biomass in both seasons. This study outlines new knowledge regarding how the mosaic of habitat patches shape seagrass fish assemblages in the northern Baltic Sea. © 2020, The Author(s).
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| 3. |
- Tano, Stina A., et al.
(author)
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Extensive spread of farmed seaweeds causes a shift from native to non-native haplotypes in natural seaweed beds
- 2015
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In: Marine Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0025-3162 .- 1432-1793. ; 162:10, s. 1983-1992
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Seaweed farming has been the cause of introductions of non-indigenous seaweed species and genotypes throughout the world. In Zanzibar, Tanzania, foreign genotypes of Eucheuma denticulatum were introduced for farming purposes in 1989, and in recent years a spread of non-indigenous haplotypes has been reported. The current study aimed to investigate the presence and extent of introduced and native haplotypes of E. denticulatum as well as their relative frequencies, to obtain the severity of the spread of cultivated seaweed and the current state of the native populations. The results show that all investigated sites are dominated by the introduced South-east Asian haplotypes, even where seaweed farming has never occurred. As the frequencies of East African haplotypes are remarkably low, this shows a shift from native to introduced E. denticulatum. This shift may, at least in part, be caused by earlier overharvest of natural seaweed populations, and indicates a cryptic invasion of the introduced haplotypes at the potential cost of the recovery of the native haplotype populations.
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| 4. |
- Tano, Stina, et al.
(author)
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Tropical seaweed beds are important habitats for mobile invertebrate epifauna
- 2016
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In: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-7714 .- 1096-0015. ; 183, s. 1-12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Marine macrophyte habitats in temperate regions provide productive habitats for numerous organisms, with their abundant and diverse invertebrate epifaunal assemblages constituting important linkages between benthic primary production and higher trophic levels. While it is commonly also recognized that certain vegetated habitats in the tropics, such as seagrass meadows, can harbour diverse epifaunal assemblages and may constitute important feeding grounds to fish, little is known about the epifaunal assemblages associated with tropical seaweed beds. We investigated the abundance, biomass and taxon richness of the mobile epifaunal community (>= 1 mm) of tropical East African seaweed beds, as well as the abundance of invertivorous fishes, and compared it with that of closely situated seagrass meadows, to establish the ecological role of seaweed beds as habitat for epifauna as well as potential feeding grounds for fish. The results showed that seaweed beds had a higher abundance of mobile epifauna (mean SD: 10,600 +/- 6000 vs 3700 +/- 2800 per m(2)) than seagrass meadows, as well as a higher invertebrate biomass (35.9 +/- 46.8 vs 1.9 +/- 2.1 g per m(2)) and taxon richness (32.7 +/- 11.8 vs 19.1 +/- 6.3 taxa per sample), despite having a lower macrophyte biomass. Additionally, the high abundance of invertivorous fishes found in seaweed beds indicates that they act as important feeding grounds to several fish species in the region.
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| 5. |
- Belgrano, Andrea, et al.
(author)
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Mapping and Evaluating Marine Protected Areas and Ecosystem Services: A Transdisciplinary Delphi Forecasting Process Framework
- 2021
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In: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-701X. ; 9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are an important tool for management and conservation and play an increasingly recognised role in societal and human well-being. However, the assessment of MPAs often lacks a simultaneous consideration of ecological and socio-economic outcomes, and this can lead to misconceptions on the effectiveness of MPAs. In this perspective, we present a transdisciplinary approach based on the Delphi method for mapping and evaluating Marine Protected Areas for their ability to protect biodiversity while providing Ecosystem Services (ES) and related human well-being benefits – i.e., the ecosystem outputs from which people benefit. We highlight the need to include the human dimensions of marine protection in such assessments, given that the effectiveness of MPAs over time is conditional on the social, cultural and institutional contexts in which MPAs evolve. Our approach supports Ecosystem-Based Management and highlights the importance of MPAs in achieving restoration, conservation, and sustainable development objectives in relation to EU Directives such as the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), the Maritime Spatial Planning Directive (MSPD), and the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP).
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| 6. |
- Bergström, Lena, et al.
(author)
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Biodiversitet och ekosystemtjänster i kustområden
- 2021
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In: Biologisk mångfald, naturnyttor och ekosystemtjänster. - : Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet. - 9789188083357 - 9789188083364 - 9789162013073 ; , s. 209-219
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 7. |
- Bergström, Lena, et al.
(author)
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Ekologisk kompensation i kustmiljön : Hur kan man uppväga förluster av biologisk mångfald och ekosystemtjänster i samband med mänsklig verksamhet i kustområdet?
- 2021
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Sveriges kustmiljöer är utsatta för olika typer av mänsklig påverkan, med negativa effekter på arter, livsmiljöer och ekosystemtjänster. Enligt skadelindringshierarkin ska negativa effekter från mänsklig verksamhet i första hand undvikas, minimeras eller avhjälpas. I de kvarstående fall där skada trots dessa åtgärder är oundviklig, kan ekologisk kompensation vara ett sätt att mildra effekterna i syfte att bibehålla eller öka biologisk mångfald och ekosystemtjänster.I projektet ECOCOA har vi undersökt om och hur ekologisk kompensation skulle kunna användas i förvaltningen av kustområden. Vår målsättning har varit att bidra till en vetenskapligt grundad syn på hur ekologisk kompensation skulle kunna medverka till att stoppa nettoförluster av biologisk mångfald och ekosystemtjänster. Eftersom kompensation kan beröra en mängd aktörer och sakägare med olika intressen och perspektiv är det viktigt med en transparent process som hanteras på ett jämförbart sätt mellan olika områden och fall. En viktig flaskhals idag är brist på praktisk erfarenhet hos aktörer om hur kompensationen ska kunna tillämpas. Vi har utvecklat ett ramverk utifrån de steg som man behöver beakta i en bedömning av skada och kompensationsbehov, med fokus på att öka förutsättningarna för en transparent bedömningsprocess. Det föreslagna ramverket bygger på fyra steg: 1) skadebedömning; 2) bedömning av kompensationsbehov; 3) val av kompensationsåtgärder; och 4) utvärdering av resultat. Ramverket baserar sig på att tydliggöra samband mellan ekosystemets strukturer och de nyttigheter dessa kan medföra för människan, där nyttigheter är beroende av ekosystemtjänster, ekosystemtjänster av funktioner, och funktioner av strukturer. Vi kopplar ramverket till en utvärdering av aktuellt kunskapsläge kring åtgärders effektivitet i kustområdet. Viktiga livsmiljöer som ingår är ålgräs, grunda vegetationsklädda mjukbottnar, naturligt vegetationsfria mjukbottnar, tångbälten, musselbankar, stenrev och kustnära våtmarker.Vi har med hjälp av ramverket utvärderat nuvarande och möjliga tillämpningar av ekologisk kompensation. Utvärderingen har gjorts dels genom ett fullständigt exempel som beskriver förlust av ålgräsängar och dels genom att undersöka befintliga fall och sammanhang där kompensation är eller skulle kunna bli relevant. Fallen bygger på i) domslut gällande tillståndspliktig vattenverksamhet, ii) dagens hantering av småskalig exploatering i kustområden, samt iii) tillämpningen av särskild fiskeavgift ur ett kompensationsperspektiv. Slutligen har vi utvecklat förslag på hur liknande tillämpningar skulle kunna se ut för ytterligare livsmiljöer i tillägg till ålgräs.Våra resultat visar det finns fortsatt stor osäkerhet kring hur kompensationsprocesser och kompensationsåtgärder fungerar i praktiken. Samtidigt är det en realitet att man idag i de allra flesta fall exploaterar utan kompensation, eller med otillräcklig kompensation. Detta innebär i praktiken att förluster värderas till noll, det vill säga att man accepterar förluster på biologisk mångfald, ekosystemtjänster och nyttigheter, och att de skador som uppstår inte uppmärksammas i form av åtgärdsbehov som ska täckas av den som orsakar skadan. Eftersom tillämpningen av vårt ramverk synliggör värdet av att förvalta biologisk mångfald och ekosystemtjänster tillsammans kan det även stödja förvaltningen av kustområden i enlighet med ekosystemansatsen på en mer generell nivå.Våra resultat synliggör vikten av att värna biologisk mångfald. Vår genomgång av potentiella kompensationsåtgärder, som redogörs för i rapporten, visar med tydlighet att det är kostsamt att först förstöra och sedan restaurera, i stället för att skydda och undvika skada i första hand. Vi ser dock ett utrymme och ett behov av att förbättra användningen av ekologisk kompensation som ett av många verktyg för att värna biologisk mångfald och ekosystemtjänster i svenska kustmiljöer i enlighet med miljöbalken. ECOCOAs ramverk tillsammans med kaskadmodeller för viktiga livsmiljöer och information om potentiella åtgärder, kunde här fungera som en gemensam utgångspunkt vid diskussioner, samrådsprocesser och bedömningar.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Blenckner, Thorsten, et al.
(author)
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The Baltic Health Index (BHI): Assessing the social-ecological status of the Baltic Sea
- 2021
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In: People and Nature. - : Wiley. - 2575-8314. ; 3:2, s. 359-375
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Improving the health of coastal and open sea marine ecosystems represents a substantial challenge for sustainable marine resource management, since it requires balancing human benefits and impacts on the ocean. This challenge is often exacerbated by incomplete knowledge and lack of tools that measure ocean and coastal ecosystem health in a way that allows consistent monitoring of progress towards predefined management targets. The lack of such tools often limits capabilities to enact and enforce effective governance. We introduce the Baltic Health Index (BHI) as a transparent, collaborative and repeatable assessment tool. The Index complements existing, more ecological-oriented, approaches by including a human dimension on the status of the Baltic Sea, an ecosystem impacted by multiple anthropogenic pressures and governed by a multitude of comprehensive national and international policies. Using a large amount of social-ecological data available, we assessed the health of the Baltic Sea for nine goals that represent the status towards set targets, for example, clean waters, biodiversity, food provision, natural products extraction and tourism. Our results indicate that the overall health of the Baltic Sea is suboptimal (a score of 76 out of 100), and a substantial effort is required to reach the management objectives and associated targets. Subregionally, the lowest BHI scores were measured for carbon storage, contaminants and lasting special places (i.e. marine protected areas), albeit with large spatial variation. Overall, the likely future status of all goals in the BHI averaged for the entire Baltic Sea is better than the present status, indicating a positive trend towards a healthier Baltic Sea. However, in some Baltic Sea basins, the trend for specific goals was decreasing, highlighting locations and issues that should be the focus of management priorities. The BHI outcomes can be used to identify both pan-Baltic and subregional scale management priorities and to illustrate the interconnectedness between goals linked by cumulative pressures. Hence, the information provided by the BHI tool and its further development will contribute towards the fulfilment of the UN Agenda 2030 and its Sustainability Development Goals. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
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| 10. |
- Cole, Scott, et al.
(author)
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Environmental compensation for biodiversity and ecosystem services : A flexible framework that addresses human wellbeing
- 2021
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In: Ecosystem Services. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-0416 .- 2212-0416. ; 50
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Environmental compensation should address negative impacts from human activities on nature, including loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, successful compensation, achieving no net loss, requires broad quantitative information on different types of losses and gains. We find that the scope of compensatory schemes varies in what is considered compensable, which makes it challenging to apply a conceptual approach consistently across schemes with different needs. We propose a flexible yet structured framework for determining which values should be compensated and how. Our framework focuses specifically on habitat deterioration and is illustrated with a case study involving loss of eelgrass habitat. The framework helps identify compensation needs and selects among suitable compensation options, merging science-based information with normative issues and local concerns. By integrating the ecosystem services cascade model, it encompasses aspects from biodiversity structure to human wellbeing. The framework prefers in-kind compensation because this targets the structure level and thus meets compensation needs in all subsequent levels of the cascade model; further, it is more likely to capture non-instrumental values (i.e. in nature) and reduce exposure to uncertainty. We highlight the importance of spatial aspects of ecosystem functions, services and their subsequent impacts on wellbeing. Although our selection hierarchy assumes a similar and nearby principle for habitat restoration (preference for in-kind/on-site), this criterion is not universal. We underscore the hierarchy's implicit normative assumptions and suggest that apparent disagreement about who should benefit may be traced to an unresolved conflict between egalitarianism and utilitarianism.
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