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- Schäfer, Sarah K., et al.
(author)
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To sleep or not to sleep, that is the question : A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of post-trauma sleep on intrusive memories of analog trauma
- 2023
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In: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : Elsevier. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 167
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Distressing intrusive memories of a traumatic event are one of the hallmark symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Thus, it is crucial to identify early interventions that prevent the occurrence of intrusive memories. Both, sleep and sleep deprivation have been discussed as such interventions, yet previous studies yielded contradicting effects. Our systematic review aims at evaluating existing evidence by means of traditional and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analyses to overcome power issues of sleep research. Until May 16th, 2022, six databases were searched for experimental analog studies examining the effect of post-trauma sleep versus wakefulness on intrusive memories. Nine studies were included in our traditional meta-analysis (8 in the IPD meta-analysis). Our analysis provided evidence for a small effect favoring sleep over wakefulness, log-ROM = 0.25, p < .001, suggesting that sleep is associated with a lower number of intrusions but unrelated to the occurrence of any versus no intrusions. We found no evidence for an effect of sleep on intrusion distress. Heterogeneity was low and certainty of evidence for our primary analysis was moderate. Our findings suggest that post-trauma sleep has the potential to be protective by reducing intrusion frequency. More research is needed to determine the impact following real-world trauma and the potential clinical significance.
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- Springer, Nina, et al.
(author)
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The online communication disinhibition model : Toward a holistic understanding of benign and toxic online communication
- 2022
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To comprehensively understand online communication behavior, a theoretical framework applied must capture the whole range of ambivalence between toxic and prosocial forms of online engagement. Although the concept of the Online Disinhibition Effect (ODE) provides a useful ground, it is theoretically underdeveloped. Building on the ODE and adding relevant aspects through a literature review, we propose a comprehensive model consisting of three analytical dimensions: (1) (intra-)individual and social antecedents including personal traits, attitudes, group characteristics, and cultural contexts and values, (2) communication and media environments as antecedents comprising platform affordances as well as news characteristics, and (3) (situational) correlates which include individuals’ situational states as well as user interactions and dynamics. Our Online Communication Disinhibition Model (OCDM) is able to capture individual and public communication on diverse platforms and in different modalities and can be used to study disinhibition in various subdisciplines of media and communication studies.
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- Thienel, Matthias, et al.
(author)
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Intranasal insulin decreases circulating cortisol concentrations during early sleep in elderly humans
- 2017
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In: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 54, s. 170-174
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aging is associated with increases in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity that can predispose to metabolic and cognitive impairments. We investigated in elderly and young subjects whether intranasal insulin administration to the human brain reduces early-sleep nadir concentrations of adrenocorticotropin and cortisol, that is, indicators of baseline HPA axis activity. In within-subject comparisons, intranasal insulin (160 IU) or placebo was administered to 14 elderly (mean age 70.0 years) and 30 young (23.6 years) healthy subjects before bedtime. Sleep was polysomno-graphically assessed and blood samples were repeatedly collected. Elderly compared with young participants displayed increased early-sleep cortisol concentrations (p < 0.04) and reductions in slow wave and REM sleep (p < 0.001). Insulin administration reduced cortisol levels between 2300 hours and 0020 hours in the elderly (p = 0.03) but not young participants (p = 0.56; p = 0.003 for interaction). Findings indicate that central nervous insulin acts as an inhibitory signal in basal HPA axis activity regulation and suggest that intranasal insulin may normalize sleep-associated stress axis activity in older age.
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