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- Arvidson, K., et al.
(author)
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Bone regeneration and stem cells
- 2011
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In: Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (Print). - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1582-1838 .- 1582-4934. ; 15:4, s. 718-746
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction Bone fracture healing and healing problems Biomaterial scaffolds and tissue engineering in bone formation Bone tissue engineering Biomaterial scaffolds Synthetic scaffolds Micro- and nanostructural properties of scaffolds Conclusion Mesenchymal stem cells and osteogenesis Bone tissue Origin of osteoblasts Isolation and characterization of bone marrow derived MSC In vitro differentiation of MSC into osteoblast lineage cells In vivo differentiation of MSC into bone Factors and pathways controlling osteoblast differentiation of hMSC Defining the relationship between osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation from MSC MSC and sex hormones Effect of aging on osteoblastogenesis Conclusion Embryonic, foetal and adult stem cells in osteogenesis Cell-based therapies for bone Specific features of bone cells needed to be advantageous for clinical use Development of therapeutic biological agents Clinical application concerns Conclusion Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), growth factors and osteogenesis PRP effects in vitro on the cells involved in bone repair PRP effects on osteoblasts PRP effects on osteoclasts PRP effects on endothelial cells PRP effects in vivo on experimental animals The clinical use of PRP for bone repair Non-union Distraction osteogenesis Spinal fusion Foot and ankle surgery Total knee arthroplasty Odontostomatology and maxillofacial surgery Conclusion Molecular control of osteogenesis TGF-beta signalling FGF signalling IGF signalling PDGF signalling MAPK signalling pathway Wnt signalling pathway Hedgehog signalling Notch signalling Ephrin signalling Transcription factors regulating osteoblast differentiation Conclusion Summary This invited review covers research areas of central importance for orthopaedic and maxillofacial bone tissue repair, including normal fracture healing and healing problems, biomaterial scaffolds for tissue engineering, mesenchymal and foetal stem cells, effects of sex steroids on mesenchymal stem cells, use of platelet-rich plasma for tissue repair, osteogenesis and its molecular markers. A variety of cells in addition to stem cells, as well as advances in materials science to meet specific requirements for bone and soft tissue regeneration by addition of bioactive molecules, are discussed.
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| 5. |
- Skodje, A., et al.
(author)
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Biodegradable polymer scaffolds loaded with low-dose BMP-2 stimulate periodontal ligament cell differentiation
- 2015
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In: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A. - : Wiley. - 1549-3296 .- 1552-4965. ; 103:6, s. 1991-1998
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Poly(l-lactide)-co-(epsilon-caprolactone) [poly(LLA-co-CL)] and poly(l-lactide)-co-(1,5-dioxepan-2-one) [poly(LLA-co-DXO)] are being considered candidate scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. We evaluated the bioactive potential of poly(LLA-co-CL) and poly(LLA-co-DXO) scaffolds loaded with low-dose bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells were cultured onto the various scaffolds loaded with 1 μg BMP-2 or without BMP-2 (control). Cell viability, attachment, and proliferation were determined using a methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric assay at day 1, 3, and 7. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze cell morphology at day 7. Cell differentiation was evaluated assaying alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity at day 7, 14, and 21. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate the mRNA expression of periostin, ALP, type I collagen, bone sialoprotein and BMP-2. A commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to assess BMP-2 production. Surface analysis disclosed excellent cell attachment, spread, and penetration into the porous scaffolds. The MTT assay indicated that scaffolds loaded with low concentration of BMP-2 did not influence the viability of cells. Cells grown on the modified scaffolds expressed higher levels of osteogenic markers than the nonmodified scaffolds (p<0.05). Poly(LLA-co-CL) and poly(LLA-co-DXO) scaffolds loaded with low-dose BMP-2 exhibited a significant effect stimulating PDL differentiation suggesting a continued evaluation in relevant in vivo models.
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- Finne Wistrand, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Degradable polymers : Design, synthesis and testing
- 2003
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In: Macromolecular Symposia. - : Wiley. - 1022-1360 .- 1521-3900. ; 195, s. 241-246
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The object for our research is to mimic Nature's perfectly designed resorbable materials to obtain important materials, which are biocompatible and degradable. We have therefore synthesized different architectures and copolymers of aliphatic polyesters with ring-opening polymerization. The first studies of these materials properties show that properties like hydrophilicity and tensile properties can be controlled.
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| 8. |
- Hansson, Nils, et al.
(author)
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The enactment of physician-authors in Nobel Prize nominations
- 2020
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In: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Several physicians have been nominated for the Nobel Prize in literature, but so far none of them have received it. Because physicians as women and men of letters have been a major topic of feuilletons, seminars and books for many years, questions arise to what extent medicine was a topic in the proposals for the Nobel Prize and in the Nobel jury evaluations: how were the nominees enacted (or not) as physicians, and why were none of them awarded? Drawing on nomination letters and evaluations by the Nobel committee for literature collected in the archive of the Swedish Academy in Stockholm, this article offers a first overview of nominated physician-author candidates. The focus is on the Austrian historian of medicine Max Neuburger (1868–1955), the German novelist Hans Carossa (1878–1956), and the German poet Gottfried Benn (1886–1956), but it also briefly takes further physician-author nominees into account such as Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) and William Somerset Maugham (1874–1965). The article is part of an interdisciplinary medical humanities project that analyses nominations and committee reports for physicians and natural scientists nominated for the Nobel Prize from 1901 to 1970.
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- Islam, M. Sirajul, 1974-, et al.
(author)
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Learners and their learning environment in Swedish higher education : Challenges in computer-mediated learning during COVID-19
- 2023
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In: Nordic Journal of Digital Literacy. - Norway : Universitetsforlaget. - 1891-943X. ; 18:1, s. 35-47
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper aims at investigating the issues and challenges experienced by remote learning among the students of higher education in the context of Sweden during COVID-19. The pandemic situation influenced the emergence of a new learning context and the effectiveness of the computer-mediated remote learning from the sudden transition of traditional approaches poised many interesting issues. The empirical part of the study was based on a web-based survey conducted among 1767 anonymous students studied at 30 higher educational institutions in Sweden during the pandemic period in mid-2020. The results are presented in line with Zimmerman’s (2000) triadic (personal, environmental and behavioural) forms of self-regulation. The survey indicated that the perceived worries students experienced were oriented towards the students’ own personal situation, and future possibilities rather than the general state and welfare of the global society. The fast transition to online classes and seminars led to a lot of students being worried about their abilities to maintain efficiency in their studies. The findings of this study could provide refined insights into the issues that we should have in mind while formulating strategies for effective remote learning in such a changing environment during a crisis period not only in Sweden but also in some international contexts.
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- Kivijärvi, Tove, et al.
(author)
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Hybrid material based on hyaluronan hydrogels and poly(L-lactide-co-1,3-trimethylene carbonate) scaffolds toward a cell-instructive microenvironment with long-term in vivo degradability
- 2022
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In: Materials Today Bio. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-0064. ; 17, s. 100483-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Degradable polyester-based scaffolds are ideal for tissue engineering applications where long-term structural integrity and mechanical support are a requisite. However, their hydrophobic and unfunctionalized surfaces restrain their tissue-mimetic quality. Instead, hyaluronan (HA) hydrogels are able to act as cell-instructive materials with the ability to recapitulate native tissue, although HA is rapidly metabolized in vivo. Taking advantage of these distinctly diverse material properties, a degradable and concurrent hybrid hydrogel material was developed that combines the short-term tissue-relevant properties of bio-orthogonal crosslinked HA with the long-term structural and mechanical support of poly(L-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate) (PLATMC) scaffolds. This method rendered the formulation of transparent, minimally swelling hydrogel compartments with a desirable cell-instructive “local” elastic modulus within the scaffold matrix without impeding key material properties of PLATMC. Long-term degradability over 180 days in vivo was realized by the integral PLATMC scaffold architecture obtained through either extrusion-based 3D printing or salt-particulate leaching. Intrinsic diffusion capacity within the hydrogel elicited unaffected degradation kinetics of PLATMC in vivo, despite its autocatalytic bulk degradation characteristics displayed when 3D-printed. The effect of the processing method on the material properties of PLATMC markedly extends to its in vivo degradation characteristics, and essential uniform degradation behavior can be advanced using salt-particulate leaching. Regardless of the scaffold fabrication method, the polymer exhibited a soft and flexible nature throughout the degradation period, governed by the rubbery state of the polymer. Our results demonstrate that the physicochemical properties of the hybrid hydrogel scaffold endow it with the potential to act as a cell instructive microenvironment while not affecting key material properties of PLATMC postprocessing. Importantly, the HA hydrogel does not adversely impact the degradation behavior of PLATMC, a vital aspect in the fabrication of tissue engineering constructs. The results presented herein open new avenues for the adoption of concurrent and well-defined tissue-relevant materials exhibiting the potential to recreate microenvironments for cell encapsulation and drug delivery in vivo while providing essential structural integrity and long-term degradability.
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