| 1. |
- Xiong, Shaobing, et al.
(author)
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Additive-Induced Synergies of Defect Passivation and Energetic Modification toward Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
- 2021
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In: Advanced Energy Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1614-6832 .- 1614-6840. ; 11:29
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Defect passivation via additive and energetic modification via interface engineering are two effective strategies for achieving high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, the synergies of pentafluorophenyl acrylate when used as additive, in which it not only passivates surface defect states but also simultaneously modifies the energetics at the perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD interface to promote charge transport, are shown. The additive-induced synergy effect significantly suppresses both defect-assisted recombination and interface carrier recombination, resulting in a device efficiency of 22.42% and an open-circuit voltage of 1.193 V with excellent device stability. The two photovoltaic parameters are among the highest values for polycrystalline CsFormamidinium/Methylammonium (FAMA)/FAMA based n-i-p structural PSCs using low-cost silver electrodes reported to date. The findings provide a promising approach by choosing the dual functional additive to enhance efficiency and stability of PSCs.
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| 2. |
- Joshi, Peter K, et al.
(author)
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Directional dominance on stature and cognition in diverse human populations
- 2015
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 523:7561, s. 459-462
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders, and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness that is common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of people to provide sufficient power. Here we use runs of homozygosity to study 16 health-related quantitative traits in 354,224 individuals from 102 cohorts, and find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in one second, general cognitive ability and educational attainment (P < 1 × 10(-300), 2.1 × 10(-6), 2.5 × 10(-10) and 1.8 × 10(-10), respectively). In each case, increased homozygosity was associated with decreased trait value, equivalent to the offspring of first cousins being 1.2 cm shorter and having 10 months' less education. Similar effect sizes were found across four continental groups and populations with different degrees of genome-wide homozygosity, providing evidence that homozygosity, rather than confounding, directly contributes to phenotypic variance. Contrary to earlier reports in substantially smaller samples, no evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Since directional dominance is predicted for traits under directional evolutionary selection, this study provides evidence that increased stature and cognitive function have been positively selected in human evolution, whereas many important risk factors for late-onset complex diseases may not have been.
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| 3. |
- Wu, Gaochan, et al.
(author)
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Overview of Recent Strategic Advances in Medicinal Chemistry
- 2019
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In: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 62:21, s. 9375-9414
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introducing novel strategies, concepts, and technologies that speed up drug discovery and the drug development cycle is of great importance both in the highly competitive pharmaceutical industry as well as in academia. This Perspective aims to present a "big-picture" overview of recent strategic innovations in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Wu, Zhihua, et al.
(author)
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Linear-Dendritic Polymeric Amphiphiles as Carriers of Doxorubicin-In Vitro Evaluation of Biocompatibility and Drug Delivery
- 2012
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In: Journal of Polymer Science Part A. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0887-624X .- 1099-0518. ; 50:2, s. 217-226
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In our recent work, we have explored the formation of chemotherapeutic delivery vehicles constructed from four different amphiphilic linear-dendritic hybrid block copolymers. These micelles were found to form about 100-nm-sized structures that were capable of sequestering doxorubicin at loading efficiencies up to 22%. Here, the cellular toxicity of these biocompatible and biodegradable linear-dendritic hybrid materials was evaluated on two breast cancer cell lines and primary human macrophages. The micelles were found not to affect the cellular viability at concentrations below 35 mu g mL(-1). After drug loading, these constructs could deliver an efficient dose of drugs, resulting in significant decreases in cell viability. Kinetic studies indicated that the drug formulation in the poly-mer micelles slowed down the cell uptake compared with the nonformulated drug, but similar efficacy in viability reduction and cell apoptosis were found. Taken together, these linear-dendritic hybrid materials represent an interesting novel architecture for the construction of drug delivery systems. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 50: 217-226, 2012
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| 6. |
- Xiong, Shaobing, et al.
(author)
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Direct Observation on p- to n-Type Transformation of Perovskite Surface Region during Defect Passivation Driving High Photovoltaic Efficiency
- 2021
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In: Joule. - : CELL PRESS. - 2542-4351. ; 5:2, s. 467-480
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suffer from significant nonradiative recombination, limiting their power conversion efficiencies. Here, for the first time, we directly observe a complete transformation of perovskite MAPbI(3) surface region energetics from p- to n-type during defect passivation caused by natural additive capsaicin, attributed to the spontaneous formation of a p-n homojunction in perovskite active layer. We demonstrate that the p-n homojunction locates at similar to 100 nm below perovskite surface. The energetics transformation and defect passivation promote charge transport in bulk perovskite layer and at perovskite/PCBM interface, suppressing both defect-assisted recombination and interface carrier recombination. As a result, an efficiency of 21.88% and a fill factor of 83.81% with excellent device stability are achieved, both values are the highest records for polycrystalline MAPbI(3) based p-i-n PSCs reported to date. The proposed new concept of synergetic defect passivation and energetic modification via additive provides a huge potential for further improvement of PSC performance.
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| 7. |
- Xiong, Shaobing, et al.
(author)
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Revealing buried heterointerface energetics towards highly efficient perovskite solar cells
- 2023
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In: Nano Energy. - : ELSEVIER. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 109
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The heterointerfaces of charge-selective contacts are crucial in determining efficiency and stability of perovskite optoelectronic devices, where the fundamental knowledge of the buried heterointerface between perovskite and bottom charge transport layer is less well understood compared to the top interface. Herein, we systematically investigate the energetics at the perovskite/SnO2 buried heterointerface for an n-i-p perovskite solar cell (PSC) and the perovskite/PEDOT:PSS buried heterointerface for a p-i-n one, respectively. In contrast to previous cognitions, we discover a perovskite transition phase at the buried interface region that originates from the chemical bonding interaction with the bottom charge transport layer. The transition phase causes an energy level barrier and induces defects, impeding charge transport across the heterointerface. These detrimental effects trigger significant nonradiative recombination and limit the attainable device photovoltage. We then develop the energetic models that describe such buried heterointerfaces. Moreover, we further test the proposed model -derived mechanisms via inserting a thin polyvinyl alcohol layer into the buried heterointerfaces of the de-vices. We demonstrate that chemical interactions and formation of the perovskite transition phase at the buried heterointerface thereby are fully restrained, leading to a diminished electron extraction barrier and improved charge transport. As a result, significant increases in open-circuit voltage and fill factor of the devices are ach-ieved. These results will help guide future efforts on developing suitable buried heterointerfaces for superior performance of perovskite optoelectronics.
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| 8. |
- Zeng, Xianghui, et al.
(author)
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Hyperbranched Copolymer Micelles as Delivery Vehicles of Doxorubicin in Breast Cancer Cells
- 2012
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In: Journal of Polymer Science Part A. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0887-624X .- 1099-0518. ; 50:2, s. 280-288
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Four types of drug nanoparticles (NPs) based on amphiphilic hyperbranched block copolymers were developed for the delivery of the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX) to breast cancer cells. These carriers have their hydrophobic interior layer composed of the hyperbranched aliphatic polyester, Boltorn (R) H30 or Boltorn (R) H40, that are polymers of poly 2,2-bis (methylol) propionic acid (bis-MPA), while the outer hydrophilic shell was composed of about 5 poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) segments of 5 or 10 kDa molecular weight. A chemotherapeutic drug DOX, was further encapsulated in the interior of these polymer micelles and was shown to exhibit a controlled release profile. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed that the NPs were uniformly sized with a mean hydrodynamic diameter around 110 nm. DOX-loaded H30-PEG10k NPs exhibited controlled release over longer periods of time and greater cytotoxicity compared with the other materials developed against our tested breast cancer cell lines. Additionally, flow cytometry and confocal scanning laser microscopy studies indicated that the cancer cells could internalize the DOX-loaded H30-PEG10k NPs, which contributed to the sustained drug release, and induced more apoptosis than free DOX did. These findings indicate that the H30-PEG10k NPs may offer a very promising approach for delivering drugs to cancer cells. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 50: 280-288, 2012
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