| 1. |
- Andersson, Patrik, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Experimental Study of High Frequency Response of Tyres
- 2003
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In: EuroNoise2003, May 19-21 2003, Naples, Italy.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Most traditional tyre models concern the low and middle frequency ranges. It is necessary to include higher frequencies for improved accuracy in tyre/road interaction models. Often only the radial direction is included, although the tangential direction may be important, especially studying stick slip motion in the contact between tyre and road surface. Designing models requires insight into the behaviour of the tyre structure at higher frequencies. To add insight of high frequency behaviour, experimental studies were done on four different tyres with the same internal design but with different tread patterns. The results of this study underline the importance of the local deformation when forces act with small excitation areas on the tread. Adequate consideration of the tread properties in the tyre/road interaction models is thus of importance to obtain the correct local contact force distribution. This is most important for the tangential driving point mobility. Tread patterns are shown mainly to modify the flexural stiffness and mass in comparison to smooth tyres, while block resonances are not expected to be located in the frequency range in which tyre/road noise is important.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Patrik, 1974, et al.
(author)
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High Frequency Dynamic Behaviour of Smooth and Patterned Passenger Car Tyres
- 2004
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In: Acta Acustica united with Acustica. - 1610-1928 .- 1861-9959. ; 90:3, s. 445-456
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Most traditional tyre models concern the low and middle frequency ranges. For improved accuracy in tyre/roadinteraction models it is necessary to include higher frequencies. Often only the radial direction is included, althoughthe tangential direction may be important, especially studying stick slip motion in the contact between tyreand road surface. Designing accurate and efifcient models requires insight into the behaviour of the tyre structureat higher frequencies to make the models as complete as necessary without creating tools that are computationallytoo costly. To add insight to this area, experimental studies were done on four different tyres with the sameinternal design but with different tread patterns. Point mobilities were measured and compared with two differenttyre models, a two-layer plate model based on the elastic field equations and an orthotropic plate model. Theresults of this study underline the importance of the local deformation when there are forces that act with smallexcitation areas on the tread. Adequate consideration of the tread properties in the tyre/road interaction modelsis thus of extreme importance to obtain the correct local contact force distribution. This is most important for thetangential driving point mobility. Tread patterns are shown mainly to modify the flexural stiffness in comparisonto smooth tyres, while block resonances are not expected to be located in the frequency range in which tyre/roadnoise is important.
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| 3. |
- Kropp, Wolfgang, 1959, et al.
(author)
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Simulation of the Tyre/Road Noise
- 2001
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In: Styrian Noise, Vibration & Harshness Congress 2001, Acoustic Competence Center, Graz, Austria.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Kropp, Wolfgang, 1959, et al.
(author)
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The Modelling of Tyre/Road Noise — A Quasi Three-Dimensional Model
- 2001
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In: InterNoise2001, The Hague, The Netherlands.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The increased focus on road traffic noise has intensified the research activities concerning the investigation of tyre/road noise generation as one of the major noise sources. While during the seventies and eighties research effort considered mainly the understanding of phenomena behind the generation processes, today, prediction methods are the main subject of ongoing activities. These prediction methods differ with respect to philosophy and approach. They cover the wide range from FE approaches, modelling details as exact as possible, to statistical approaches quantifying the influence of main parameters influencing tyre/road noise. The following work focuses on a quasi-three dimensional model for the prediction of tyre/road noise. The model is based on the description of the main physical properties of tyres, the contact between tyre and road and the radiation from tyres. It includes the properties of the road surface. By means of this model possibilities and limitations of tyre/road noise modelling can be discussed with respect to the required quality of the input data. The results from the model are compared with coast-by measurement for tyres on surfaces with different properties.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Wullens, Frédéric, 1976, et al.
(author)
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A three-dimensional contact model for tyre/road interaction in rolling conditions
- 2004
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In: ACTA ACUSTICA UNITED WITH ACUSTICA. ; 90, s. 702-711
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Prediction of tyre/road noise has been one of the most challenging research fields within acoustics for the last twenty years. In particular, it has been difficult to achieve an accurate description of the road and rolling tyre contact, which is crucial for the estimation of tyre/road noise. In this paper, a three-dimensional contact model for the tyre/road interaction in rolling conditions is described, validated and illustrated by means of calculations. The contact model is formulated in the time domain for non-linearity reasons. It calculates the dynamic radial contact forces, the local deformation due to roughness indenting, and the normal forced vibrations of the tyre structure. The contact problem is solved using an elastic half-space, the road is assumed rigid. The tyre response is described by Greens functions calculated with a tyre model, a pre-tensioned orthotropic Kirchhoffs plate on a stiffness bedding. Measured acceleration signals of the tyre structure and calculated ones were compared. Results show that the agreement was good for the studied case.
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| 8. |
- Wullens, Frédéric, 1976
(author)
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Excitation of Tyre Vibrations due to Tyre/Road Interaction
- 2004
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Tyre/road noise is the main contributor to road traffic noise at speeds above 40 km/h for passenger cars and above 70 km/h for heavy trucks. Research has been carried out during the last thirty years in order to understand and quantify the generation mechanisms responsible for tyre/road noise. However, there is still substantial work remaining until tyre/road noise can be reduced substantially if at all. The work presented in this thesis concerns the modelling the tyre/roads interaction and the resulting vibrations of the tyre structure. The model is supposed to calculate the time varying forces when the road roughness is indenting the tyre tread during rolling. To achieve this, a contact model is developed, implemented and validated against measurements. The contact model is formulated in the time domain and considers a three-dimensional contact. An elastic half-space is used as a tool to describe the deformation of the tyre tread, and an iterative algorithm is utilised in order to solve the contact problem for each time step of the calculation. In parallel, an alternative quasi-three-dimensional contact model is also presented. Good agreement of calculated and measured tyre vibrations is found for different tyres and road surfaces. Additionally to the tyre vibrations air-pumping is included in the model in the form of the local deformations of the tyre tread due to road roughness indenting at the contact patch. The local deformation is believed to be a main contributor to tyre/road noise about 1 kHz. In this work, the local deformation is calculated from the deformation of the elastic half-space used for the contact problem. Preliminary qualitative results shows that the sound radiated due to local deformation dominates above 1-2 kHz whereas the sound radiated by the tyre structure vibrations dominates below 1-2 kHz. The model developed in this thesis is used to study the coupling between vibration pattern on the tyre and radiated sound. It is shown, that mainly the low order modes are contributing to the radiation and that the coupling between modes with respect to the radiated sound is essential.
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| 9. |
- Wullens, Frédéric, 1976, et al.
(author)
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Study of Crossbar Tyres in Rolling Conditions
- 2004
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In: DAGA / CFA 2004.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A correct description of the contact between a tyre and a road is a crucial step towards the understanding and the prediction of tyre/road noise using deterministic models. The present work is about the study of crossbar tyres of the passenger car type in rolling conditions. Measurements were made on a crossbar tyre loaded on a rotating drum and acceleration signals were recorded on the tyre structure for both the tangential and normal directions. The measurement situation was also modelled using a deterministic three-dimensional contact model. Comparisons between measurements and calculations show satisfactory results when it comes to pitching frequencies and global shapes of the acceleration signals. Another result is that it can be seen that moment excitation of the tyre structure by each block hitting the road at the leading edge can be an important generation mechanism to include in models.
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| 10. |
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