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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Taha, Walid, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Flipping a First Course on Cyber-Physical Systems – An Experience Report
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings Of The 2016 Workshop On Embedded And Cyber-Physical Systems Education (Wese). - New York : ACM Press. - 9781450346573
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The flipped classroom format involves swapping activities traditionally performed inside and outside the classroom. The expected effects from this swap include increased student engagement and peer-to-peer interaction in the classroom, as well as more flexible access to learning materials. Key criteria for successful outcomes from these effects include improved test scores and enhanced student satisfaction. Unfortunately, while many researchers have reported positive outcomes from the approach, some instructors can still encounter difficulties in reproducing this success.In this paper we report our experiences with flipping a first course on Cyber-Physical Systems at Halmstad University. The course is required for a Masters level program and is available as an elective for undergraduates. The focus of this report is on three separate editions of the course taught over three years. In the first year, lectures were recorded. In the second, the same instructor taught the course using the flipped format. In the third, new instructors taught it using the flipped classroom format.Our experience suggests that flipping a classroom can lead to improved student performance and satisfaction from the first edition. It can also enable new instructors to take over the course and perform at a level comparable to an experienced instructor. On the other hand, it also suggests that the format may require more effort to prepare for, and to teach, than the traditional format, and that a higher level of attention to detail is needed to execute it with positive outcomes. Thus, the format can be demanding for instructors. It is also the case that not all students preferred this format.
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- Aronsson, Thomas, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal income taxation without tax evasion
- 2023
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is the first to integrate corruption with respect to tax collection in a Mirrleesian model of optimal redistributive taxation. The analysis starts with a simple two-type model, showing that the optimal marginal tax structure resembles that of the original Stiglitz (1982) model, albeit for different reasons. We also extend the analysis to a framework with many types and present policy rules for marginal taxation over the whole ability distribution. The marginal income tax rates are all non-negative and can be expressed in terms of two key determinants: the distributional weights attached to taxpayers, and how the private cost to evade taxes varies with the taxpayers' income. Finally, we consider the role of government expenditures directly targeting the incentives of the tax collector, such that these public expenditures and the optimal tax structure are implemented simultaneously.
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- Dhillon, Amrita, et al.
(författare)
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Corruption, intrinsic motivation, and the love of praise
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Public Economic Theory. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1097-3923 .- 1467-9779. ; 19:6, s. 1077-1098
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Do higher wages prevent corruption (bribe taking)? We investigate a setting where individuals who apply for public sector jobs are motivated not just by monetary incentives but also by intrinsic motivation and concern for the collective reputation of their profession. We show that an increase in monetary compensation may cause reputation‐concerned individuals to be more prone to participate in corruption due to an “overjustification” effect. The overall effect of monetary incentives on fighting corruption crucially depends on the composition of the pool of public sector workers for two reasons: first, different types of workers react differently to the same policy; second, the composition of the pool of workers affects individual behavior through its effect on collective reputation. These results imply in particular that policies to fight corruption should focus more on increasing the collective reputation of the public sector rather than using monetary incentives, which have perverse effects on some agents.
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- Drake, Samielle, et al.
(författare)
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Regulation and competition in public procurement
- 2023
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine, theoretically and empirically, the impacts of regulation on optimal bids and competition in public procurement depending on whom the regulation is imposed on. We show that regulation imposed solely on the winner of a procurement contract increases competition whereas regulation imposed on all potential bidders reduces competition. Both types of regulation raise bids in equilibrium. Furthermore, the expected outcomes of regulation depend on its enforceability as bidders adjust their optimal bids and the delivery of the contracts accordingly. Finally, the model's theoretical implications are supported by behaviours observed in public procurement of cleaning services in Sweden.
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| 7. |
- Feng, Haibo, et al.
(författare)
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China’s VAT Reform, Enterprises Tax Burden and Innovation
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The impact of China’s VAT reform on enterprise innovation is the result of the combination of tax cuts and endogenous incentives. We find evidence that China’ VAT reform generally reduced the tax burden of firms but had a different impact on the manufacturing and the service industry. The tax burden of the manufacturing dropped significantly, but that of the service industry did not change markedly. Furthermore, we show that China’s VAT reform had also a significant positive impact on corporate innovation for both the service industry and the manufacturing. However, these effects were significantly greater in the manufacturing. Meanwhile, China’s VAT reform did not alleviate the tax burden of all the enterprises. For the enterprises facing the increased burden of tax, the reform can still stimulate the enterprise innovation if it has sufficient own capital, whereas the impact coefficient and significant level reduced significantly compared with the enterprises that the burden of tax reduced. If the enterprise’s own capital is insufficient, VAT reform has little effect on enterprise innovation. Finally, we show that China’s VAT reform exerted different influences on the innovative behavior of heterogeneous enterprises.
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- Koutsougeras, Leonidas, et al.
(författare)
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Bribery and the depth of corruption
- 2024
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose a game-theoretic model of corruption to account for some cross-country empirical regularities on the depth or prevalence of corruption, the variability of the bribe, officers' salaries, and investment in anticorruption measures. Under standard conditions the model has a unique equilibrium in which the depth of corruption and the bribe are endogenously determined. The analysis centers on the further effects on these equilibrium values from changes in the “ability-to-pay” of the parties involved, the government's efficiency to fight corruption, and the officer's costs of breaking the law. A mere change in the officer's salary does not affect corruption.
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- Koutsougeras, Leonidas, et al.
(författare)
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Corruption and adverse selection
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is well known that in the presence of asymmetric information, adverse selection has detrimental effects on possible exchanges. We go a step further, and present a game-theoretic setup in which under such adverse selection effects there are uncertain benefits for bribing unknown players' types (e.g., individuals, committees, or companies). A policy maker may then want to design indirect anti-corruption policies based on triggering failures for bribery attempts. In our stylized framework, we get a complete unraveling of bribes. This result can be extended to more complex environments under fairly mild conditions of players' payoff functions.
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- Li, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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One-Step Synthesis of Precursor Oligomers for Organic Photovoltaics: A Comparative Study between Polymers and Small Molecules
- 2015
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 7:49, s. 27106-27114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two series of oligomers TQ and rhodanine end-capped TQ-DR were synthesized using a facile one-step method. Their optical, electrical, and thermal properties and photovoltaic performances were systematically investigated and compared. The TQ series of oligomers were found to be amorphous, whereas the TQ-DR series are semicrystalline. For the TQ oligomers, the results obtained in solar cells show that as the chain length of the oligomers increases, an increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) is obtained. However, when introducing 3-ethylrhodanine into the TQ oligomers as end groups, the PCE of the TQ-DR series of oligomers decreases as the chain length increases. Moreover, the TQ-DR series of oligomers give much higher performances compared to the original amorphous TQ series of oligomers owing to the improved extinction coefficient (epsilon) and crystallinity afforded by the rhodanine. In particular, the highly crystalline oligomer TQ5-DR, which has the shortest conjugation length shows a high hole mobility of 0.034 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) and a high PCE of 3.14%, which is the highest efficiency out of all of the six oligomers. The structure-property correlations for all of the oligomers and the TQ1 polymer demonstrate that structural control of enhanced intermolecular interactions and crystallinity is a key for small molecules/oligomers to achieve high mobilities, which is an essential requirement for use in OPVs.
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