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- Holmqvist Gattario, Kristina, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Masculinity and muscularity across Western cultures
- 2014
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In: Appearance Matters 6, 1-2 July, Bristol, England.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Previous research has suggested that men’s conformity to masculine norms (CMN) is an important correlate of men’s drive for muscularity. The present study aims to further delineate the relationship between masculinity and men’s body image by examining various dimensions of CMN in relation to various dimensions of men’s body image (muscularity, leanness, and fitness) in a cross-cultural sample. Participants comprised young men from the United States (n = 192), the United Kingdom (n = 141), Australia (n = 160), and Sweden (n = 142) - men who may be similarly exposed to the muscular ideal but who may differ in their degree of CMN. Multi-group path analyses showed that CMN was related to body image in all four countries, but there were cross-cultural differences in which dimensions of CMN that predicted men’s body image. Whereas conformity to the dimension of ‘winning’ predicted men’s fitness orientation in all four countries, conformity to the dimension of ‘violent behavior’ particularly predicted UK men’s fitness orientation and drive for muscularity. Conformity to the dimension of ‘playboy attitude’ was related to US and Australian men’s drive for muscularity, but was not applicable to UK and Swedish men. Among Swedish men, conformity to the dimensions of ‘winning’ and ‘priority of work’ were most salient in predicting their body image. These findings suggest that masculinity norms play an important role in Western men’s body image; however, the relationship between masculinity and muscularity may function different cross-culturally.
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- Yager, Zali, et al.
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European health professionals’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about perinatal depression and body image concerns
- 2023
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In: Advances in Mental Health. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 1838-7357 .- 1837-4905. ; 21:3, s. 247-260
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Health professionals who work with women in pregnancy and postpartum are rarely educated in psychosocial aspects of body image and mental health, despite this being a time of significant bodily change for women. This study presents the results of a needs assessment to determine the extent, nature, and format of health professional education in relation to body image and perinatal mental health. Method: Participants were N = 257 health professionals (89% female) from 16 European countries, recruited through the authors professional networks, who completed an online survey about their existing knowledge and experience, and preferences for further education. Results: Current knowledge about body image was low, and open-ended comments indicated that body image was integrated into pregnancy and postpartum care within the context of encouraging weight loss. Health professionals saw opportunities for the inclusion of conversations about body image and mental health within their clinical care and a need for training about ‘what to say’ to mothers, as well as recommendations for diagnostic and referral pathways, and more general information about postpartum body image and mental health that could inform their practice. Discussion: This research indicates the need for health professional education in relation to perinatal body image and mental health.
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