| 1. |
- Ruilope, LM, et al.
(author)
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Design and Baseline Characteristics of the Finerenone in Reducing Cardiovascular Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease Trial
- 2019
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In: American journal of nephrology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9670 .- 0250-8095. ; 50:5, s. 345-356
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- <b><i>Background:</i></b> Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. <b><i>Patients and</i></b> <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥25 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 to ≤5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level α = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049.
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| 2. |
- Frassinetti, Lorenzo, et al.
(author)
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Cold pulse propagation in a reversed-field pinch
- 2007
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In: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 47:2, s. 135-145
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The cold pulse propagation is a powerful tool for the study of heat transport and the determination of perturbative electron heat diffusivity chi(CP)(e). In this paper the experimental study of cold pulses generated by pellet injection in a reversed-field pinch device is described. The most common phenomenology is an inward cold pulse propagation, from the edge to the core; however, we will describe that outward propagation can occur if the pellet ablates up to the plasma centre. A model to simulate the dynamics of the pulse (i.e. the relation between the arrival time of the pulse and its radial position) has been developed. With this model it is possible to explain the cold pulse phenomenologies as well as to estimate chi(CP)(e) in the plasma core. The heat diffusivity in standard and enhanced confinement plasmas has been determined and compared; in standard regimes chi(CP)(e) is three times larger than in enhanced confinement regimes. Finally, it has been possible to confirm a scaling between diffusivity and magnetic stochasticity.
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| 3. |
- Frassinetti, Lorenzo, et al.
(author)
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Turbulence and particle confinement in a reversed-field pinch plasma
- 2007
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In: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0741-3335 .- 1361-6587. ; 49:3, s. 199-209
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The confinement properties of a reversed-field pinch ( RFP) device are limited by the high level of magnetic stochasticity produced by the interaction of tearing modes in the plasma core. Away to reduce the core magnetic stochasticity is the application of the pulsed poloidal current drive ( PPCD) technique. By applying the PPCD, tearing modes are stabilized, magnetic stochasticity and turbulence are reduced and hence the confinement is enhanced. In the TPE-RX device, standard RFP plasmas are characterized by magnetic and electrostatic edge turbulence dominated by intermittent phenomena; on the contrary, the improved confinement regime generated by the PPCD is characterized by turbulence with a self-similar nature. We show that the increase in tau(p) is well correlated with the change in the nature of both the magnetic and the electrostatic turbulence. While plasmas with low confinement are dominated by intermittent events and by magnetic and electrostatic activity with a non-self-similar nature, plasmas with high confinement show turbulence with a self-similar character.
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