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- Tong, Yang, et al.
(author)
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Progress of the key materials for organic solar cells
- 2020
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In: Science in China Series B. - Beijing, China : SCIENCE PRESS. - 1674-7291 .- 1869-1870. ; 63:6, s. 758-765
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Organic solar cells have attracted academic and industrial interests due to the advantages like lightweight, flexibility and roll-to-roll fabrication. Nowadays, 18% power conversion efficiency has been achieved in the state-of-the-art organic solar cells. The recent rapid progress in organic solar cells relies on the continuously emerging new materials and device fabrication technologies, and the deep understanding on film morphology, molecular packing and device physics. Donor and acceptor materials are the key materials for organic solar cells since they determine the device performance. The past 25 years have witnessed an odyssey in developing high-performance donors and acceptors. In this review, we focus on those star materials and milestone work, and introduce the molecular structure evolution of key materials. These key materials include homopolymer donors, D-A copolymer donors, A-D-A small molecular donors, fullerene acceptors and nonfullerene acceptors. At last, we outlook the challenges and very important directions in key materials development.
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| 2. |
- Yang, Yuanhang, et al.
(author)
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Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and the Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Adults : A Swedish Population-Based Study
- 2022
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In: Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation. - : Oxford University Press. - 0931-0509 .- 1460-2385. ; 37:Suppl. 3, s. I367-I367
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) share many risk factors. While kidney complications are seen in 4%–23% of patients with longstanding IBD, it is unknown whether low kidney function may predispose to developing IBD.METHOD: We analyzed the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the risk of being diagnosed with IBD among 1 612 160 adults without prior IBD history who accessed healthcare in Stockholm during 2006–18. We categorized eGFR into five groups: <30, 30–59, 60–89, 90–104, 105 + mL/min/1.73m2, with 90–104 being the reference group. Flexible parametric survival models with stepwise adjustments and piecewise linear splines were used to investigate the association between eGFR, IBD and IBD-subtypes (Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and IBD unclassified). IBD cases were identified by two or more records with an IBD diagnosis. Subgroup analyses explored the consistency of the associations between age strata, sex, background education and the presence of selected comorbidities. To explore the possibility of detection bias and reverse causation, we estimated IBD risks from the first year after baseline eGFR.RESULTS: We detected 9663 new cases of IBD (Crohn’s disease: n = 3299 and ulcerative colitis: n = 5072), over a median follow-up of 9 years. Linear splines suggested the association between eGFR and IBD to be J-shaped, with higher IBD risk at both eGFR extremes. After multivariable adjustment and compared with eGFR 90–104 mL/min/1.73 m2, lower eGFR strata were associated with higher IBD risk {adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.14; [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.99–1.32] for eGFR = 30–59 mL/min and 1.63; 1.14–2.33 for eGFR <30 mL/min}. This association was stronger in magnitude for Crohn’s disease, with an HR of 1.32 (1.03–1.71) for eGFR = 30–59 mL/min and 2.22 (1.24–3.97) for eGFR <30 mL/min. Subgroup analyses showed consistency across age, education categories, presence of diabetes and of CVD, but suggested that the association between low eGFR and IBD was stronger in women and in the absence of hypertension (P for interaction <.05). Associations were slightly attenuated after excluding IBD cases during the first year of follow-up, indicating the presence of detection bias and/or reverse causation.CONCLUSION: We observed an association between decreased eGFR and the risk of developing IBD, which was stronger in magnitude for Crohn’s disease, but that could be partly explained by bias.
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