| 1. |
- Abramavicius, Vytautas, et al.
(author)
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Carrier motion in as-spun and annealed P3HT:PCBM blends revealed by ultrafast optical electric field probing and Monte Carlo simulations
- 2014
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In: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9084 .- 1463-9076. ; 16:6, s. 2686-2692
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Charge transport dynamics in solar cell devices based on as-spun and annealed P3HT:PCBM films are compared using ultrafast time-resolved optical probing of the electric field by means of field-induced second harmonic generation. The results show that charge carriers drift about twice as far during the first 3 ns after photogeneration in a device where the active layer has been thermally annealed. The carrier dynamics were modelled using Monte-Carlo simulations and good agreement between experimental and simulated drift dynamics was obtained using identical model parameters for both cells, but with different average PCBM and polymer domain sizes. The calculations suggest that small domain sizes in as-spun samples limit the carrier separation distance disabling their escape from geminate recombination.
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| 2. |
- Alcer, David, et al.
(author)
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Comparison of Triethylgallium and Trimethylgallium Precursors for GaInP Nanowire Growth
- 2021
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In: Physica Status Solidi (B) Basic Research. - : Wiley. - 0370-1972. ; 258:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nanowire (NW) arrays containing a top segment of GaxIn1–xP are investigated, comparing NWs grown using two different Ga precursors, trimethylgallium (TMGa) and triethylgallium (TEGa). TMGa is the precursor commonly used for the particle-assisted vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) growth of GaxIn1–xP NWs. However, it shows inefficient pyrolysis at typical NW growth conditions. The use of the alternative precursor TEGa is investigated by making a direct comparison between NWs grown using TEGa and TMGa at otherwise identical growth conditions. Growth rates, resulting NW materials composition, and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) lifetimes are investigated. With increasing Ga content of the NWs, the TRPL lifetimes decrease, indicating trap states that are associated with GaP. Somewhat longer TRPL lifetimes for the samples grown using TEGa indicate a lower concentration of deep trap states. For doped NWs, it is found that the strong effect of the p-type dopant diethylzinc (DEZn) on the NW composition, observed for GaxIn1–xP NWs grown using TMGa, is absent when using TEGa.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Johan, et al.
(author)
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New paradigm of transition metal polypyridine complex photochemistry
- 2004
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In: Faraday Discussions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1364-5498. ; 127, s. 295-305
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using polarization sensitive ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy we have studied energy transfer and excited state relaxation pathways in a tetranuclear transition metal [( osmium)( ruthenium)(3)] polypyridine complex. Contrary to the generally accepted picture of transition metal complex photochemistry we find that ultrafast energy transfer ( less than or equal to 60 fs) occurs from the excited singlet MLCT state of the peripheral Ru-chromophores to the central Os-core, in efficient competition with intersystem crossing. Energy transfer between relaxed triplet MLCT states is more than an order of magnitude slower ( 600 fs).
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Ultrafast singlet energy transfer competes with intersystem crossing in a multi-center transition metal polypyridine complex
- 2004
-
In: Chemical Physics Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0009-2614. ; 386:4-6, s. 336-341
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Transition metal polypyridine complexes are finding widespread applications within many areas of chemistry. For their light-induced processes, the generally accepted picture is that all function emanates from triplet states because the singlet states initially prepared by light absorption are depopulated via intersystem crossing on the 100-fs time scale, before they are significantly involved in chemical reactions. Here we show that this is not always true. With ultrafast spectroscopy applied to a (ruthenium)(3)-osmium complex we show that transition metal polypyridine complexes can be designed where energy transfer between excited singlet states located on different metal centers efficiently competes with intersystem crossing, thus decreasing population of the lower-lying triplet states and concomitant energy loss. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Mattias, et al.
(author)
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Unified Study of Recombination in Polymer:Fullerene Solar Cells Using Transient Absorption and Charge-Extraction Measurements
- 2013
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In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society. - 1948-7185. ; 4:12, s. 2069-2072
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recombination in the well-performing bulk heterojunction solar cell blend between the conjugated polymer TQ-1 and the substituted fullerene PCBM has been investigated with pump-probe transient absorption and charge extraction of photo-generated carriers (photo-CELIV). Both methods are shown to generate identical and overlapping data under appropriate experimental conditions. The dominant type of recombination is bimolecular with a rate constant of 7 x 10(-12) cm(-3) s(-1). This recombination rate is shown to be fully consistent with solar cell performance. Deviations from an ideal bimolecular recombination process, in this material system only observable at high pump fluences, are explained with a time-dependent charge-carrier mobility, and the implications of such a behavior for device development are discussed.
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| 6. |
- Anttu, Nicklas, et al.
(author)
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Reflection measurements to reveal the absorption in nanowire arrays
- 2013
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In: Optics Letters. - 0146-9592. ; 38:9, s. 1449-1451
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The absorption of light is at the core of photovoltaic applications. For many nanostructure-based devices, an assessment of the absorption in the nanostructures is complicated by a thick, opaque substrate that prohibits transmission measurements. Here, we show how a single reflection measurement can be used for approximating the amount of light absorbed in vertical semiconductor nanowire arrays. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America
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| 7. |
- Benko, Gabor, et al.
(author)
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Interligand electron transfer determines triplet excited state electron injection in RuN3-sensitized TiO2 films
- 2004
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In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5207 .- 1520-6106. ; 108:9, s. 2862-2867
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electron injection from the transition metal complex Ru(dcbpy)(2)(NCS)(2) (dcbpy = 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylate) into a titanium dioxide nanoparticle film occurs along two pathways. The dominating part of the electron injection proceeds from the initially excited singlet state of the sensitizer into the conduction band of the semiconductor on the sub-hundred-femtosecond time scale. The slower part of the injection occurs from the thermalized triplet excited state on the picosecond time scale in a nonexponential fashion, as was shown in a previous study (Benko, G.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 489). Here we show that the slower channel of injection is the result of the excited state being localized on a ligand of the sensitizer that is not attached to the semiconductor; hence, the electron cannot be injected directly from such an excited state into the semiconductor. Before being injected, it has to be transferred from the non-surface-attached ligand to the attached one. The results show that the interligand electron-transfer time is on the picosecond time scale, depends on the relative energies of the two ligands, and controls the electron injection from the excited triplet state of the sensitizer. The findings provide information relevant to the design of molecular-based assemblies and devices.
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| 8. |
- Benko, Gabor, et al.
(author)
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Nonergodic dye-to-nanocrystalline semiconductor film electron transfer
- 2002
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In: 7th International Conference on Nanometer-Scale Science and Technology and 21st European Conference on Surface Science.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The dominating part of electron injection from the transition metal complex Ru(dcbpy)2(NCS)2 into a titanium dioxide nanocrystalline film proceeds extremely rapidly from the initially populated, vibronically nonthermalized, singlet excited state of the molecule. The results are especially relevant to the understanding and design of molecular-based photovoltaic devices and artificial photosynthetic assemblies
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| 9. |
- Benko, Gabor, et al.
(author)
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Nonergodic dye-to-semiconductor electron transfer
- 2002
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In: Thirteenth International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Technical Digest (TOPS Vol.72). - 1557527032 ; , s. 434-435
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The dominating part of electron injection from the transition metal complex Ru(dcbpy)2(NCS)2 into a titanium dioxide nanocrystalline film proceeds extremely rapidly from the initially populated, vibronically nonthermalized, singlet excited state of the molecule. Ultrafast transient absorption measurements with laser pulses of the order of ~30 fs have been performed
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| 10. |
- Benko, Gabor, et al.
(author)
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Particle size and crystallinity dependent electron injection in Fluorescein 27-sensitized TiO2 films.
- 2003
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In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5207 .- 1520-6106. ; 107:6, s. 1370-1375
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Influence of processing parameters, such as autoclaving and firing temperature, on the optical properties of nanocrystalline anatase TiO2 film and on the process of electron injection from the dye fluorescein 27 to the as-prepared films is studied. Transmission electron microscopy and steady-state and time-resolved femtosecond spectroscopy measurements indicate that the larger the TiO2 particle and the better its overall crystallinity, the faster the process of electron injection. Unraveling factors that control the properties of the sub-20-nm sized semiconductor particles, and by this the electron injection to them, is important for understanding the process of interfacial electron transfer from the dye to the semiconductor, as well as future optimization of the function of the photoelectrochemical cell based on dye-sensitized TiO2 films.
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