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- He, YQ, et al.
(author)
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A polygenic risk score for nasopharyngeal carcinoma shows potential for risk stratification and personalized screening
- 2022
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In: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1, s. 1966-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Polygenic risk scores (PRS) have the potential to identify individuals at risk of diseases, optimizing treatment, and predicting survival outcomes. Here, we construct and validate a genome-wide association study (GWAS) derived PRS for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), using a multi-center study of six populations (6 059 NPC cases and 7 582 controls), and evaluate its utility in a nested case-control study. We show that the PRS enables effective identification of NPC high-risk individuals (AUC = 0.65) and improves the risk prediction with the PRS incremental deciles in each population (Ptrend ranging from 2.79 × 10−7 to 4.79 × 10−44). By incorporating the PRS into EBV-serology-based NPC screening, the test’s positive predictive value (PPV) is increased from an average of 4.84% to 8.38% and 11.91% in the top 10% and 5% PRS, respectively. In summary, the GWAS-derived PRS, together with the EBV test, significantly improves NPC risk stratification and informs personalized screening.
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- Lu, WS, et al.
(author)
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PDGFD switches on stem cell endothelial commitment
- 2022
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In: Angiogenesis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7209 .- 0969-6970. ; 25:4, s. 517-533
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The critical factors regulating stem cell endothelial commitment and renewal remain not well understood. Here, using loss- and gain-of-function assays together with bioinformatic analysis and multiple model systems, we show that PDGFD is an essential factor that switches on endothelial commitment of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). PDGFD genetic deletion or knockdown inhibits ESC differentiation into EC lineage and increases ESC self-renewal, and PDGFD overexpression activates ESC differentiation towards ECs. RNA sequencing reveals a critical requirement of PDGFD for the expression of vascular-differentiation related genes in ESCs. Importantly, PDGFD genetic deletion or knockdown increases ESC self-renewal and decreases blood vessel densities in both embryonic and neonatal mice and in teratomas. Mechanistically, we reveal that PDGFD fulfills this function via the MAPK/ERK pathway. Our findings provide new insight of PDGFD as a novel regulator of ESC fate determination, and suggest therapeutic implications of modulating PDGFD activity in stem cell therapy.
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