| 1. |
- Qu, Yanhua, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Ground tit genome reveals avian adaptation to living at high altitudes in the Tibetan plateau.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 4, s. 2071-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ground tit (Parus humilis) is endemic to the Tibetan plateau. It is a member of family Paridae but it was long thought to be related to the ground jays because of their morphological similarities. Here we present the ground tit's genome and re-sequence two tits and one ground jay, to clarify this controversially taxonomic status and uncover its genetic adaptations to the Tibetan plateau. Our results show that ground tit groups with two tits and it diverges from them between 7.7 and 9.9 Mya. Compared with other avian genomes, ground tit shows expansion in genes linked to energy metabolism and contractions in genes involved in immune and olfactory perception. We also found positively selected and rapidly evolving genes in hypoxia response and skeletal development. These results indicated that ground tit evolves basic strategies and 'tit-to-jay' change for coping with the life in an extreme environment.
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| 2. |
- Ma, Zhaoying, et al.
(författare)
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Mineralogical and magnetic variations of periglacial loess in SE Tibet reveal mid-Pleistocene expansion of Tibetan glacial activity
- 2024
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Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier. - 0277-3791 .- 1873-457X. ; 330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The formation and evolution of the cryosphere on the Tibetan Plateau is of great significance in understanding the Earth's carbon and climatic system. Periglacial loess deposits in southeastern Tibet offer a means to constrain this history as they contain critical information on glacial grinding and frost shattering processes in high-altitude mountain regions through time, which yield lithogenic fractions of largely loess silts and sands. Based on combined analyses of lithogenic magnetic properties and mineralogical composition, here we find that increasing high mountain production and supply of fresh detrital components since the mid-Pleistocene climate transition (MPT, 1.2–0.7 Ma) led to a substantial increase of the lithogenic susceptibility and decrease in chemical weathering intensity of periglacial loess in southeastern Tibet. The agreement of these findings with similar results from eolian loess on the northern margins of the Tibetan Plateau suggests a plateau-wide glacier expansion during the MPT. Enhanced glacial erosion and freeze-thaw activities occurred in the high-altitude mountain regions of the plateau during the MPT, thereby providing vast amounts of fresh detritus for the formation of loess deposits. High and constant values of lithogenic magnetic parameters in the loess deposits after 0.7–0.6 Ma further indicate that the Middle Pleistocene is a critical period for the establishment of modern-like glacial and periglacial landforms on the Tibetan Plateau. Our results further suggest that enhanced Quaternary glaciation in SE Tibet occurred earlier than in the north, which we attribute to climate cooling combined with regional seasonal snowline lowering. As such, a close relationship exists between global climate changes, development of pan-Tibetan glaciations, and large-scale dust emission.
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| 3. |
- Gao, Hong, et al.
(författare)
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The landscape of tolerated genetic variation in humans and primates
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 380:6648
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Personalized genome sequencing has revealed millions of genetic differences between individuals, but our understanding of their clinical relevance remains largely incomplete. To systematically decipher the effects of human genetic variants, we obtained whole-genome sequencing data for 809 individuals from 233 primate species and identified 4.3 million common protein-altering variants with orthologs in humans. We show that these variants can be inferred to have nondeleterious effects in humans based on their presence at high allele frequencies in other primate populations. We use this resource to classify 6% of all possible human protein-altering variants as likely benign and impute the pathogenicity of the remaining 94% of variants with deep learning, achieving state-of-the-art accuracy for diagnosing pathogenic variants in patients with genetic diseases.
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| 4. |
- Liu, Lin, et al.
(författare)
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Research progress in the application of MXene in bacterial detection and eradication
- 2024
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Ingår i: Materials Today Physics. - 2542-5293. ; 43
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infections stemming from pathogenic bacteria pose a notable menace to public health. Traditional strategies for bacterial detection and management frequently confront hurdles such as sensitivity constraints and antibiotic resistance. This review embarks on an exploration of the synthesis techniques and inherent structural traits of MXenes. An array of fabrication approaches spanning both top-down and bottom-up paradigms is meticulously examined. Subsequently, attention shifts to the formulation of bacterial detection sensors. Electrochemical, fluorescent, and dual-modal sensors are critically examined, elucidating how MXenes elevate the precision and sensitivity of bacterial detection. Notably, the potential for MXenes to identify chiral molecules is underscored. The segment dedicated to antibacterial mechanisms and applications dissects MXenes' effectiveness in eradicating bacterial agents. Mechanisms encompassing physical harm, photothermally-driven sterilization, and reactive oxygen species -induced sterilization are expounded upon. Additionally, the practical utilization of MXene-based nanomaterials in water purification and antibacterial interventions is succinctly outlined. Prospects on the horizon are evaluated, spotlighting the persistent trajectory of research and development in this dynamic sphere. Ultimately, at its essence, this comprehensive review offers a panoramic perspective of the substantial advancements achieved in MXene-based research for bacterial identification and eradication.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Yu, Xin, et al.
(författare)
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Recent progress on Sn 3 O 4 nanomaterials for photocatalytic applications
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials. - 1869-103X .- 1674-4799. ; 31:2, s. 231-244
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tin(IV) oxide (Sn3O4) is layered tin and exhibits mixed valence states. It has emerged as a highly promising visible-light pho-tocatalyst, attracting considerable attention. This comprehensive review is aimed at providing a detailed overview of the latest advancements in research, applications, advantages, and challenges associated with Sn3O4 photocatalytic nanomaterials. The fundamental concepts and principles of Sn3O4 are introduced. Sn3O4 possesses a unique crystal structure and optoelectronic properties that allow it to absorb visible light efficiently and generate photoexcited charge carriers that drive photocatalytic reactions. Subsequently, strategies for the control and improved performance of Sn3O4 photocatalytic nanomaterials are discussed. Morphology control, ion doping, and hetero-structure construction are widely employed in the optimization of the photocatalytic performance of Sn3O4 materials. The effective implementation of these strategies improves the photocatalytic activity and stability of Sn3O4 nanomaterials. Furthermore, the review explores the diverse applications of Sn3O4 photocatalytic nanomaterials in various fields, such as photocatalytic degradation, photocatalytic hydrogen production, photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide, solar cells, photocatalytic sterilization, and optoelectronic sensors. The discussion focuses on the potential of Sn3O4-based nanomaterials in these applications, highlighting their unique attributes and functionalities. Finally, the review provides an outlook on the future development directions in the field and offers guidance for the exploration and development of novel and efficient Sn3O4-based nanomaterials. Through the identification of emerging research areas and potential avenues for improvement, this review aims to stimulate further advancements in Sn3O4-based photocatalysis and facilitate the translation of this promising technology into practical applications.
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| 7. |
- Zhang, Xinghai, et al.
(författare)
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Study on the evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of lean duplex stainless steel 2101 with 60 GPa% PSE prepared using a short process
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-5093 .- 1873-4936. ; 838
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Owing to the special dual phase structure and high N content of duplex stainless steel, hot-working performance is poor, which is also a significant factor complicating its production. Therefore, a short process of direct cold rolling following solution treatment of the casting billet is proposed in this study. In addition, the synergistic deformation behavior of multiphase during the deformation of LDX 2101, as well as the action mechanism of the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) and twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) composite deformation mechanisms in austenite is investigated. Further, the strain-hardening and fracture mechanisms of LDX 2101 are investigated using in-situ electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). The results indicate that when the strain is small (epsilon < 0.2), the TWIP effect dominates, and the deformation twins contribute to the strain hardening rate. Conversely, when the strain (epsilon >= 0.2) is increased,the strain distribution in metastable austenite increases and the stability decreases. Meanwhile, the TRIP effect can be induced by the deformation twins. Furthermore, as martensite's nucleation position increases, the TRIP effect begins to dominate. As a result, austenite does not complete the transformation of martensite during the early stages of deformation, but rather during the middle and late stages, delaying the generation of necking and improving the elongation. Therefore, the reason for LDX 2101's high strength and elongation can be attributed to the synergistic effect of TWIP and TRIP. However, the twin formation is selective. Additionally, cracks are most frequently found at the alpha/alpha ' interface and at the torsion of the shear bands within the ferrite grain. Consequently, LDX 2101 failed due to the propagation and bonding of open cracks.
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