| 1. |
- Ahmad, Naveed, et al.
(author)
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Relationship between corporate social responsibility at the micro-level and environmental performance : The mediating role of employee pro-environmental behavior and the moderating role of gender
- 2021
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In: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-5509. ; 27, s. 1138-1148
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Since Pakistan is vulnerable to changing climatic conditions, the country needs emergency measures at every level to mitigate their effect. Many studies have addressed Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) at the macro or institutional level, but its effect at the micro-level is largely ignored in the contemporary literature. The present study aims at filling this gap by highlighting the role of micro-level CSR on Environmental Performance (ENP) and how it is influenced by employees’ pro-environmental (PEB) behavior and gender. This study has been carried out in the context of deteriorating environmental conditions, scarce CSR activities and a male dominant society. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire targeting the manufacturing and the service sectors of Pakistan and analyzed through the structural equation modeling technique, using AMOS and SPSS software. The results of this study confirm that micro-level CSR initiatives directly (β = 0.39⁎⁎) and indirectly (β = 0.031⁎⁎) influence the environmental performance of an organization by means of employees’ PEB. A conditional indirect gender effect on this interaction was also observed, with women (β =0.17⁎⁎) exerting a stronger effect than men (β = 0.031⁎⁎). These findings may be helpful for policymakers involved in environmental management: It is possible to reduce the environmental footprint of Pakistan's organizations by encouraging employee's PEB and particularly by actively involving women which are systematically set apart from decision making in Pakistan.
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| 2. |
- Ahmad, Naveed, et al.
(author)
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The inter-relation of corporate social responsibility at employee level, servant leadership, and innovative work behavior in the time of crisis from the healthcare sector of pakistan
- 2021
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In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Organizational crisis can serve as a base to provide an opportunity to an organization for enhancing individuals, organizations, and communities. The healthcare sector is one of those sectors that remains under continuous pressure to provide high-quality service delivery to the patients. Hence, the requirement of innovation for this sector is huge when compared to other sectors. The majority of the previous studies have investigated the phenomenon of CSR at the employee’s level (CSR-E) to influence employee behavior positively. However, the importance of CSR-E to enhance the innovative capability of the employees at the workplace is not well-explored in extant literature. Moreover, it is not clear from previous studies how the concept of servant leadership can explain the employee’s engagement towards innovative work behavior (EIB). Thus, the current survey aims to test the relationship of CSR-E and EIB in the healthcare sector of Pakistan with the mediating effect of servant leadership. The data of the current study were obtained through a self-administered (paper-pencil) survey and they were analyzed through the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique. The empirical results of SEM analysis revealed that CSR-E and EIB are positively related and servant leadership partially mediates this relationship. The findings of the current study will be helpful for policymakers to improve their understanding towards CSR-E to induce EIB in the time of crisis. At the same time, the current study also highlights the importance of servant leadership to the policymakers in encouraging the employees to display their innovative capability at the workplace to serve their organization during the time of crisis.
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| 3. |
- Ahmad, Naveed, et al.
(author)
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The nexus of csr and co-creation : A roadmap towards consumer loyalty
- 2021
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In: Sustainability (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 13:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is regarded as an effort to be undertaken by the businesses to contribute towards society at large positively. The idea behind the concept of CSR is that businesses are required to pursue the notion of pro-social objectives along with economic objectives. Research has long established that corporate social responsibility, along with its philanthropic nature, can also produce extraordinary marketing results for businesses. The relationship between CSR and consumer loyalty is well acknowledged in extant literature. Likewise, involving consumers through co-creation in the product/service development process may provide an exciting experience to consumers, which is likely to influence their loyalty. With these arguments, the present research investigates the impact of CSR on consumer loyalty with the mediating role of co-creation in the banking sector of an emerging economy such as Pakistan. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is used for data analysis in the present study. The results validate that CSR improves consumer loyalty, and co-creation partially mediates this relationship. The results of the current survey will help banking institutions to identify how they can develop core strategic considerations based on CSR and co-creation.
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| 4. |
- Farhan, Muhammad, et al.
(author)
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Pattern of neurosurgical cases and procedures in Gilgit Baltistan : two-year experience at a newly established neurosurgical department
- 2022
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In: Hospital Practice. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2154-8331 .- 2377-1003. ; 50:5, s. 368-372
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundIn Pakistan, there are a total of 160 neurosurgeons that constitute a ratio of one neurosurgeon for a 5.5 million population. Gilgit Baltistan being a backward region does not have a single tertiary care facility. A new department of neurosurgery was established at Regional Headquarter City Hospital (RHQ) Gilgit with only one neurosurgeon. This study aimed to determine which neurosurgical diagnoses are common and which surgical interventions were performed at RHQ.MethodsThis is a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at Regional Headquarter Hospital (RHQ) Gilgit in which data of patients operated for neurosurgical diseases between January 2020 and January 2022 was collected from patient record books.ResultsOf the total of 223 patients, 148 (66.3%) were males and 75 (33.6%) were females. A total of 92(41.2%) belonged to the pediatric age group. The top most diagnosis included Neurotrauma (46.6%), NTDs (13.9%) and CSDH (10.3%) while the most routinely performed procedures were craniotomy & hematoma evacuation (22.9%), debridement & elevation of DSF (20.6%), and burrhole evacuation (13.9%). In the pediatric age group, the top diagnosis was Neurotrauma (43.5%), NTDs (32.6%), and Hydrocephalus (19.6%) while in adults, neurotrauma (48.9%) was the leading diagnosis followed by CSDH (17.6%). In the pediatric age group, repair of NTDs (32.6%) was the most frequently performed procedure.ConclusionThis study shows different kinds of neurosurgical cases but because of a lack of diagnostic and therapeutic facilities, very limited operations were performed and many cases were referred to metropolitan cities. The hospitals in the region need further up-gradation to cater to the presenting burden.
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| 5. |
- Ferko, Enxhi, et al.
(author)
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Automatic Generation of Configuration Files : an Experience Report from the Railway Domain
- 2021
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In: Journal of Object Technology. - : AITO - Association Internationale pour les Technologies Objets. - 1660-1769. ; 20:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In recent years, software product line development has been adopted by a growing number of companies. Within software product line development, one way of creating specific products is by using configuration files to control a given set of parameters of the product at run time. Often, configuration files are created manually and this may lead to a sub-optimal process with respect to development effort and error proneness. In this experience report, we describe our work in enabling the automatic generation of configuration files in the railway domain. We discuss a four-step approach whose generation mechanism uses concepts of generative programming. The approach is the outcome of a bottom-up effort leveraging the experiences and the results from our technology transfer activities with our industrial partner, Bombardier Transportation. We evaluate the applicability and the correctness of the proposed approach using the Aventra train family from Bombardier Transportation. Besides, we evaluate the ability of the proposed approach in mitigating the development effort and error proneness typical of traditional manual approaches. We performed expert interviews to assess the industrial relevance of the proposed approach and collect qualitative feedback on the perceived benefits and drawbacks. Eventually, for each of the four steps composing the proposed approach, we identify factors that might affect the adoption of the approach and use these factors for discussing the lessons we have learned.
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| 6. |
- Gallina, Barbara, et al.
(author)
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Making SafeConcert Security-informed to Enable Multi-concern Modelling
- 2020
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In: 30th European Safety and Reliability Conference ESREL-2020. - Venice, Italy : Research Publishing Services. ; , s. 2049-2056
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Connected dependable embedded systems communicate over networks to provide their services. Application of such systems include space, process automation, automotive etc. In such complex systems, safety and security assurance requires co-engineering, co-analysis and co-assessment approaches to enable a joint view and also manage tradeoffs between them. Nevertheless, such multi-concern assurance is challenging due to the increased connectivity resulting into increased attack surfaces as well as lack of a common language for describing the security concepts and their relation to safety concepts. For instance, a demonstration of security attacks in space domain, automotive, and real life attacks in industrial control system domain highlights the needs of security-informed engineering and assurance processes of such systems. The SafeConcert metamodel conceptualises dependability, with focus on safety, and is implemented as the dependability profile of CHESSML (CHESS Modelling Language). CHESS is a methodology and an open source toolset. The toolset implements CHESSML for high-integrity component-based systems engineering. By implementing CHESSML, the CHESS toolset offers modelling capabilities at different abstraction levels as well as qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques. In this paper, we conceptualise security and extend SafeConcert meta-model to enable multi-concern modelling. Then, we use the extended SafeConcert to model a simplified but functionally realist Attitude Control System (ACS) to show its adequacy for expressing essential concepts as per the ECSS (European Cooperation for Space Standardization) standards series. Finally, we draw our conclusion and future work.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Gallina, Barbara, et al.
(author)
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Towards Generating ECSS-compliant Fault Tree Analysis Results via ConcertoFLA
- 2018
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In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 351, issue 1.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Attitude Control Systems (ACSs) maintain the orientation of the satellite in threedimensional space. ACSs need to be engineered in compliance with ECSS standards and need to ensure a certain degree of dependability. Thus, dependability analysis is conducted at various levels and by using ECSS-compliant techniques. Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) is one of these techniques. FTA is being automated within various Model Driven Engineering (MDE)- based methodologies. The tool-supported CHESS-methodology is one of them. This methodology incorporates ConcertoFLA, a dependability analysis technique enabling failure behavior analysis and thus FTA-results generation. ConcertoFLA, however, similarly to other techniques, still belongs to the academic research niche. To promote this technique within the space industry, we apply it on an ACS and discuss about its multi-faceted potentialities in the context of ECSS-compliant engineering.
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| 9. |
- Haider, Zulqarnain, et al.
(author)
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Concerto FLA-based multi-concern assurance for space systems
- 2019
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In: Ada User Journal. - : Ada-Europe. - 1381-6551. ; 40:1, s. 35-39
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Space systems often need to be engineered in compliance with standards such as ECSS and need to ensure a certain degree of dependability. Given the multi-faceted nature of dependability (characterized by a set of concerns), assuring dependability implies multi-concern assurance, which requires the modelling of various system characteristics and their co-assessment and co-analysis, in order to enable the management of trade-offs between them. CHESS is a systems engineering methodology and an open source toolset, which includes ConcertoFLA. ConcertoFLA allows users (system architects and dependability engineers) to decorate component-based architectural models with dependability-related information, execute Failure Logic Analysis (FLA) techniques, and get the results back-propagated onto the original model. In this paper, we present the customization of the CHESS methodology and ConcertoFLA in the context of the ECSS standards to enable architects and dependability engineers to define a system and perform dependability-centered co-analysis for assuring the required non-functional properties of the system according to ECSS requirements. The proposed customization is then applied in the context of spacecraft Attitude Control Systems engineering, which is a part of satellite on-board software.
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| 10. |
- Haider, Zulqarnain, et al.
(author)
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FLA2FT : Automatic Generation of Fault Tree from ConcertoFLA Results
- 2018
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In: Proceedings - 2018 3rd International Conference on System Reliability and Safety, ICSRS 201811 April 2019. - 9781728102382 ; , s. 176-181
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dependability-critical systems (e.g., space systems) need to be engineered according to dependability standards (e.g. ECSS standards), which require the application of various dependability analyses, including Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). Due to the complex nature of such systems, conducting FTA may turn out to be time-consuming and error prone. Thus, automation is highly desirable. In this paper, we build on top of our previous work and we propose FLA2FT, a tool-supported Fault Tree (FT) generation from ConcertoFLA results. More specifically, we integrate FTA in a well-established existing system modeling and analysis methodology to generate FT automatically using model transformations. To illustrate the usage of FLA2FT, we apply it to the space domain and automate the generation of ECSS-compliant FTs for an Attitude Control System (ACS). Finally, we draw our conclusions and sketch future work.
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