| 1. |
- Akar, Roya, et al.
(author)
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Regulation of the general stress response sigma factor σT by Lon-mediated proteolysis
- 2023
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In: Journal of Bacteriology. - 0021-9193 .- 1098-5530. ; 205:11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Lon protease is widely conserved in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms and fulfills important regulatory functions. Nevertheless, the number of identified Lon substrates is limited in most organisms, and the precise role of Lon in regulating these proteins is poorly understood. Here, we describe the α-proteobacterial general stress response sigma factor σT as a novel Lon substrate in Caulobacter crescentus. Based on previously published quantitative proteomics data, we find σT to be a promising putative Lon substrate and confirm a direct role of Lon in degrading σT. We show that Lon contributes to the downregulation of σT abundance under optimal conditions and during recovery from sucrose-induced osmotic stress. Furthermore, the presence of the Lon activity regulator LarA enhances Lon-mediated degradation of σT in vitro and reduces σT levels in vivo indicating a role of LarA in modulating Lon-mediated degradation of σT. Together, our results highlight the importance of Lon during the recovery phase following stress exposure by adjusting the concentrations of critical regulators of stress responses.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Amer, Ayad, et al.
(author)
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Impact of the N-terminal secretor domain on YopD translocator function in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis type III secretion
- 2011
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In: Journal of Bacteriology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0021-9193 .- 1098-5530. ; 193:23, s. 6683-6700
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) secrete needle components, pore-forming translocators, and the translocated effectors. In part, effector recognition by a T3SS involves their N-terminal amino acids and their 5′ mRNA. To investigate whether similar molecular constraints influence translocator secretion, we scrutinized this region within YopD from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Mutations in the 5′ end of yopD that resulted in specific disruption of the mRNA sequence did not affect YopD secretion. On the other hand, a few mutations affecting the protein sequence reduced secretion. Translational reporter fusions identified the first five codons as a minimal N-terminal secretion signal and also indicated that the YopD N terminus might be important for yopD translation control. Hybrid proteins in which the N terminus of YopD was exchanged with the equivalent region of the YopE effector or the YopB translocator were also constructed. While the in vitro secretion profile was unaltered, these modified bacteria were all compromised with respect to T3SS activity in the presence of immune cells. Thus, the YopD N terminus does harbor a secretion signal that may also incorporate mechanisms of yopD translation control. This signal tolerates a high degree of variation while still maintaining secretion competence suggestive of inherent structural peculiarities that make it distinct from secretion signals of other T3SS substrates.
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| 4. |
- Amon, Jeremy D., et al.
(author)
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SwsB and SafA Are Required for CwlJ-Dependent Spore Germination in Bacillus subtilis
- 2020
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In: Journal of Bacteriology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0021-9193 .- 1098-5530. ; 202:6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- When Bacillus subtilis spores detect nutrients, they exit dormancy through the processes of germination and outgrowth. A key step in germination is the activation of two functionally redundant cell wall hydrolases (SleB and CwlJ) that degrade the specialized cortex peptidoglycan that surrounds the spore. How these enzymes are regulated remains poorly understood. To identify additional factors that affect their activity, we used transposon sequencing to screen for synthetic germination defects in spores lacking SleB or CwlJ. Other than the previously characterized protein YpeB, no additional factors were found to be specifically required for SleB activity. In contrast, our screen identified SafA and YlxY (renamed SwsB) in addition to the known factors GerQ and CotE as proteins required for CwlJ function. SafA is a member of the spore's proteinaceous coat and we show that, like GerQ and CotE, it is required for accumulation and retention of CwlJ in the dormant spore. SwsB is broadly conserved among spore formers, and we show that it is required for CwlJ to efficiently degrade the cortex during germination. Intriguingly, SwsB resembles polysaccharide deacetylases, and its putative catalytic residues are required for its role in germination. However, we find no chemical signature of its activity on the spore cortex or in vitro. While the precise, mechanistic role of SwsB remains unknown, we explore and discuss potential activities. IMPORTANCE Spore formation in Bacillus subtilis has been studied for over half a century, and virtually every step in this developmental process has been characterized in molecular detail. In contrast, how spores exit dormancy remains less well understood. A key step in germination is the degradation of the specialized cell wall surrounding the spore called the cortex. Two enzymes (SleB and CwlJ) specifically target this protective layer, but how they are regulated and whether additional factors promote their activity are unknown. Here, we identified the coat protein SafA and a conserved but uncharacterized protein YlxY as additional factors required for CwlJ-dependent degradation of the cortex. Our analysis provides a more complete picture of this essential step in the exit from dormancy.
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| 5. |
- Ampomah, Osei Y., et al.
(author)
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The thuEFGKAB operon of Rhizobia and Agrobacterium tumefaciens codes for transport of trehalose, maltitol, and isomers of sucrose and their assimilation through the formation of their 3-keto derivatives
- 2013
-
In: Journal of Bacteriology. - 0021-9193 .- 1098-5530. ; 195:17, s. 3797-3807
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The thu operon (thuEFGKAB) in Sinorhizobium meliloti codes for transport and utilization functions of the disaccharide trehalose. Sequenced genomes of members of the Rhizobiaceae reveal that some rhizobia and Agrobacterium possess the entire thu operon in similar organizations and that Mesorhizobium loti MAFF303099 lacks the transport (thuEFGK) genes. In this study, we show that this operon is dedicated to the transport and assimilation of maltitol and isomers of sucrose (leucrose, palatinose, and trehalulose) in addition to trehalulose, not only in S. meliloti but also in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. By using genetic complementation, we show that the thuAB genes of S. meliloti, M. loti, and A. tumefaciens are functionally equivalent. Further, we provide both genetic and biochemical evidence to show that these bacteria assimilate these disaccharides by converting them to their respective 3-keto derivatives and that the thuAB genes code for this ketodisaccharide-forming enzyme(s). Formation of 3-ketotrehalose in real time in live S. meliloti is shown through Raman spectroscopy. The presence of an additional ketodisaccharide- forming pathway(s) in A. tumefaciens is also indicated. To our knowledge, this is the first report to identify the genes that code for the conversion of disaccharides to their 3-ketodisaccharide derivatives in any organism.
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| 6. |
- Areschoug, Thomas, et al.
(author)
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A Proline-Rich Region with a Highly Periodic Sequence in Streptococcal beta Protein Adopts the Polyproline II Structure and Is Exposed on the Bacterial Surface.
- 2002
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In: Journal of Bacteriology. - 0021-9193. ; 184:22, s. 6376-6383
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Proline-rich regions have been identified in many surface proteins of pathogenic streptococci and staphylococci. These regions have been suggested to be located in cell wall-spanning domains and/or to be required for surface expression of the protein. Because little is known about these regions, which are found in extensively studied and biologically important surface proteins, we characterized the proline-rich region in one such protein, the beta protein of group B streptococci. The proline-rich region in beta, designated the XPZ region, has a proline at every third position, and the sequence is highly periodic in other respects. Immunochemical analysis showed that the XPZ region was not associated with the cell wall but was exposed on the bacterial surface. Moreover, characterization of a beta mutant lacking the XPZ region demonstrated that this region was not required for surface expression of the beta protein. Comparison of the XPZ region in different beta proteins showed that it varied in size but always retained the typical sequence periodicity. Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the XPZ region had the structure of a polyproline II helix, an extended and solvent-exposed structure with exactly three residues per turn. Because of the three-residue sequence periodicity in the XPZ region, it is expected to be amphipathic and to have distinct nonpolar and polar surfaces. This study identified a proline-rich structure with unique properties that is exposed on the surface of an important human pathogen.
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| 7. |
- Ast, Jennifer C, et al.
(author)
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Natural merodiploidy of the lux-rib operon of Photobacterium leiognathi from coastal waters of Honshu, Japan.
- 2007
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In: Journal of Bacteriology. - 0021-9193 .- 1098-5530. ; 189:17, s. 6148-58
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sequence analysis of the bacterial luminescence (lux) genes has proven effective in helping resolve evolutionary relationships among luminous bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis using lux genes, however, is based on the assumptions that the lux genes are present as single copies on the bacterial chromosome and are vertically inherited. We report here that certain strains of Photobacterium leiognathi carry multiple phylogenetically distinct copies of the entire operon that codes for luminescence and riboflavin synthesis genes, luxCDABEG-ribEBHA. Merodiploid lux-rib strains of P. leiognathi were detected during sequence analysis of luxA. To define the gene content, organization, and sequence of each lux-rib operon, we constructed a fosmid library of genomic DNA from a representative merodiploid strain, lnuch.13.1. Sequence analysis of fosmid clones and genomic analysis of lnuch.13.1 defined two complete, physically separate, and apparently functional operons, designated lux-rib1 and lux-rib2. P. leiognathi strains lelon.2.1 and lnuch.21.1 were also found to carry lux-rib1 and lux-rib2, whereas ATCC 25521T apparently carries only lux-rib1. In lnuch.13.1, lelon.2.1, lnuch.21.1, and ATCC 25521T, lux-rib1 is flanked upstream by lumQ and putA and downstream by a gene for a hypothetical multidrug efflux pump. In contrast, transposase genes flank lux-rib2 of lnuch.13.1, and the chromosomal location of lux-rib2 apparently differs in lnuch.13.1, lelon.2.1, and lnuch.21.1. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that lux-rib1 and lux-rib2 are more closely related to each other than either one is to the lux and rib genes of other bacterial species, which rules out interspecies lateral gene transfer as the origin of lux-rib2 in P. leiognathi; lux-rib2 apparently arose within a previously unsampled or extinct P. leiognathi lineage. Analysis of 170 additional strains of P. leiognathi, for a total of 174 strains examined from coastal waters of Japan, Taiwan, the Philippine Islands, and Thailand, identified 106 strains that carry only a single lux-rib operon and 68 that carry multiple lux-rib operons. Strains bearing a single lux-rib operon were obtained throughout the geographic sampling range, whereas lux-rib merodiploid strains were found only in coastal waters of central Honshu. This is the first report of merodiploidy of lux or rib genes in a luminous bacterium and the first indication that a natural merodiploid state in bacteria can correlate with geography.
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| 8. |
- Avican, Ummehan, et al.
(author)
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Transcriptomic and phenotypic analysis reveals new functions for the Tat pathway in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
- 2016
-
In: Journal of Bacteriology. - Washington : American Society for Microbiology. - 0021-9193 .- 1098-5530. ; 198:20, s. 2876-2886
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Twin-arginine translocation (Tat) system mediates secretion of folded proteins that in bacteria, plants and archaea are identified via an N-terminal signal peptide. Tat systems are associated with virulence in many bacterial pathogens and our previous studies revealed that Tat deficient Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was severely attenuated for virulence. Aiming to identify Tat-dependent pathways and phenotypes of relevance for in vivo infection, we analysed the global transcriptome of parental and ∆tatC mutant strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis during exponential and stationary growth at 26oC and 37oC. The most significant changes in the transcriptome of the ∆tatC mutant were seen at 26oC during stationary phase growth and these included the altered expression of genes related to virulence, stress responses and metabolism. Subsequent phenotypic analysis based on these transcriptome changes revealed several novel Tat-dependent phenotypes including decreased YadA expression, impaired growth under iron-limiting and high copper conditions as well as acidic pH and SDS. Several functionally related Tat substrates were also verified to contribute to these phenotypes. Interestingly, the phenotypic defects observed in the Tat-deficient strain were generally more pronounced than in mutants lacking the Tat substrate predicted to contribute to that specific function. Altogether, this provides new insight into the impact of Tat deficiency on in vivo fitness and survival/replication of Y. pseudotuberculosis during infection.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Balsalobre, Carlos, et al.
(author)
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Cyclic AMP-dependent osmoregulation of crp gene expression in Escherichia coli.
- 2006
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In: J Bacteriol. - 0021-9193. ; 188:16, s. 5935-44
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have found that the cyclic AMP (cAMP) receptor protein (CRP)-cAMP regulatory complex in Escherichia coli is subject to osmoregulation at the level of crp gene expression. This osmoregulation was lost in a cya mutant strain but could be restored by external addition of cAMP, suggesting that the intracellular level of cAMP is a key factor in the osmoregulation of CRP. The ability of the cell to maintain optimal CRP activity was essential for the growth and survival of the bacteria under low-osmolarity conditions as shown by studies with different crp mutant alleles. A suppressor mutant with a novel amino acid substitution (L124R) in CRP showed restored growth at low osmolarity. CRP(L124R) was not activated by cAMP and was shown to be dominant negative over the wild type. Our findings suggest that the fine-tuning of the CRP activity may be critical for bacterial viability and adaptability to changing osmotic conditions.
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| 11. |
- Bao, Xiaofeng, et al.
(author)
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Benzylidene acylhydrazides inhibit chlamydial growth in a type III secretion- and iron chelation-independent manner
- 2014
-
In: Journal of Bacteriology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0021-9193 .- 1098-5530. ; 196:16, s. 2989-3001
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Chlamydiae are widespread Gram-negative pathogens of humans and animals. Salicylidene acylhydrazides, developed as inhibitors of type III secretion system (T3SS) in Yersinia spp., have an inhibitory effect on chlamydial infection. However, these inhibitors also have the capacity to chelate iron, and it is possible that their antichlamydial effects are caused by iron starvation. Therefore, we have explored the modification of salicylidene acylhydrazides with the goal to uncouple the antichlamydial effect from iron starvation. We discovered that benzylidene acylhydrazides, which cannot chelate iron, inhibit chlamydial growth. Biochemical and genetic analyses suggest that the derivative compounds inhibit chlamydiae through a T3SS-independent mechanism. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in a Chlamydia muridarum variant resistant to benzylidene acylhydrazides, but it may be necessary to segregate the mutations to differentiate their roles in the resistance phenotype. Benzylidene acylhydrazides are well tolerated by host cells and probiotic vaginal Lactobacillus species and are therefore of potential therapeutic value.
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| 12. |
- Baquero, María-Rosario, et al.
(author)
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Polymorphic mutation frequencies in Escherichia coli : emergence of weak mutators in clinical isolates
- 2004
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In: Journal of Bacteriology. - 0021-9193 .- 1098-5530. ; 186:16, s. 5538-5542
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Polymorphisms in the rifampin resistance mutation frequency (f) were studied in 696 Escherichia coli strains from Spain, Sweden, and Denmark. Of the 696 strains, 23% were weakly hypermutable (4 x 10(-8) < or = f < 4 x 10(-7)), and 0.7% were strongly hypermutable (f > or = 4 x 10(-7)). Weak mutators were apparently more frequent in southern Europe and in blood isolates (38%) than in urinary tract isolates (25%) and feces of healthy volunteers (11%).
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| 13. |
- Bechtloff, D, et al.
(author)
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Analysis of protein synthesis rates after initiation of chromosome replication in Escherichia coli
- 1999
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In: JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY. - : AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY. - 0021-9193. ; 181:20, s. 6292-6299
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate whether the synthesis rates of some proteins change after the initiation of replication in Escherichia coli. An intR1 strain, in which chromosome replication is under the control of an R1 replicon integrated into a
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| 14. |
- Belitsky, B R, et al.
(author)
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An lrp-like gene of Bacillus subtilis involved in branched-chain amino acid transport
- 1997
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In: Journal of Bacteriology. - 0021-9193. ; 179:17, s. 5448-5457
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The azlB locus of Bacillus subtilis was defined previously by a mutation conferring resistance to a leucine analog, 4-azaleucine (J. B. Ward, Jr., and S. A. Zahler, J. Bacteriol. 116:727-735, 1973). In this report, azlB is shown to be the first gene of an operon apparently involved in branched-chain amino acid transport. The product of the azlB gene is an Lrp-like protein that negatively regulates expression of the azlBCDEF operon. Resistance to 4-azaleucine in azlB mutants is due to overproduction of AzlC and AzlD, two novel hydrophobic proteins.
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| 15. |
- Bengtsson, Jenny, et al.
(author)
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Subunit II of Bacillus subtilis cytochrome c oxidase is a lipoprotein
- 1999
-
In: Journal of Bacteriology. - 0021-9193. ; 181, s. 685-688
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The sequence of the N-terminal end of the deduced ctaC gene product of Bacillus species has the features of a bacterial lipoprotein. CtaC is the subunit II of cytochrome caa3, which is a cytochrome c oxidase. Using Bacillus subtilis mutants blocked in lipoprotein synthesis, we show that CtaC is a lipoprotein and that synthesis of the membrane-bound protein and covalent binding of heme to the cytochrome c domain is not dependent on processing at the N-terminal part of the protein. Mutants blocked in prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase (Lgt) or signal peptidase type II (Lsp) are, however, deficient in cytochrome caa3 enzyme activity. Removal of the signal peptide from the CtaC polypeptide, but not lipid modification, is seemingly required for formation of functional enzyme.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Berglin, Ewa, MD, PhD, 1955-, et al.
(author)
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Potentiation by L-cysteine of the bactericidal effect of hydrogen peroxide in Escherichia coli
- 1982
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In: Journal of Bacteriology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0021-9193 .- 1098-5530. ; 152:1, s. 81-88
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Under anaerobic conditions an exponentially growing culture of Escherichia coli K-12 was exposed to hydrogen peroxide in the presence of various compounds. Hydrogen peroxide (0.1 mM) together with 0.1 mM L-cysteine or L-cystine killed the organisms more rapidly than 10 mM hydrogen peroxide alone. The exposure of E. coli to hydrogen peroxide in the presence of L-cysteine inhibited some of the catalase. This inhibition, however, could not fully explain the 100-fold increase in hydrogen peroxide sensitivity of the organism in the presence of L-cysteine. Of other compounds tested only some thiols potentiated the bactericidal effect of hydrogen peroxide. These thiols were effective, however, only at concentrations significantly higher than 0.1 mM. The effect of L-cysteine and L-cystine could be annihilated by the metal ion chelating agent 2,2'-bipyridyl. DNA breakage in E. coli K-12 was demonstrated under conditions where the organisms were killed by hydrogen peroxide.
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| 18. |
- Bernander, R, et al.
(author)
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Cell cycle characteristics of thermophilic Archaea
- 1997
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In: JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY. - : AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY. - 0021-9193. ; 179:16, s. 4963-4969
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We have performed a cell cycle analysis of organisms from the Archaea domain, Exponentially growing cells of the thermophilic archaea Sulfolobus solfataricus and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius were analyzed by flow cytometry, and several unusual cell cycle cha
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Björnfot, Ann-Catrin, 1981-, et al.
(author)
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Autoproteolysis of YscU of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is important for regulation of expression and secretion of Yop proteins
- 2009
-
In: Journal of Bacteriology. - 0021-9193 .- 1098-5530. ; 191:13, s. 4259-4267
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- YscU of Yersinia can be autoproteolysed to generate a 10-kDa C-terminal polypeptide designated YscU(CC). Autoproteolysis occurs at the conserved N downward arrowPTH motif of YscU. The specific in-cis-generated point mutants N263A and P264A were found to be defective in proteolysis. Both mutants expressed and secreted Yop proteins (Yops) in calcium-containing medium (+Ca(2+) conditions) and calcium-depleted medium (-Ca(2+) conditions). The level of Yop and LcrV secretion by the N263A mutant was about 20% that of the wild-type strain, but there was no significant difference in the ratio of the different secreted Yops, including LcrV. The N263A mutant secreted LcrQ regardless of the calcium concentration in the medium, corroborating the observation that Yops were expressed and secreted in Ca(2+)-containing medium by the mutant. YscF, the type III secretion system (T3SS) needle protein, was secreted at elevated levels by the mutant compared to the wild type when bacteria were grown under +Ca(2+) conditions. YscF secretion was induced in the mutant, as well as in the wild type, when the bacteria were incubated under -Ca(2+) conditions, although the mutant secreted smaller amounts of YscF. The N263A mutant was cytotoxic for HeLa cells, demonstrating that the T3SS-mediated delivery of effectors was functional. We suggest that YscU blocks Yop release and that autoproteolysis is required to relieve this block.
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| 22. |
- Botello, E, et al.
(author)
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Effects of chromosome underreplication on cell division in Escherichia coli
- 1998
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In: JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY. - : AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY. - 0021-9193. ; 180:23, s. 6364-6374
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The key processes of the bacterial cell cycle are controlled and coordinated to match cellular mass growth. We have studied the coordination between replication and cell division by using a temperature-controlled Escherichia coli intR1 strain. In this str
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| 23. |
- Bröms, Jeanette E, 1974-, et al.
(author)
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A conserved α-helix essential for a type VI secretion-like system of Francisella tularensis
- 2009
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In: Journal of Bacteriology. - 0021-9193 .- 1098-5530. ; 191:8, s. 2431-2446
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Francisella tularensis harbors genes with similarity to genes encoding components of a type VI secretion system (T6SS) recently identified in several gram-negative bacteria. These include iglA and iglB, the homologues of which are conserved in most T6SSs. We used a yeast two-hybrid system to study the interaction of the Igl proteins of F. tularensis LVS. We identified a region of IglA, encompassing residues 33-132, necessary for efficient binding to IglB as well as for IglAB protein stability and intra-macrophage growth. In particular, residues 103-122, overlapping with a highly conserved alpha-helix, played an absolutely essential role. Point mutations within this domain caused modest defects in IglA-IglB binding in yeast, but markedly impaired intra-macrophage replication and phagosomal escape, resulting in severe attenuation of LVS in mice. Thus, IglA-IglB complex formation is clearly crucial for Francisella pathogenicity. This interaction may be universal to T6S, since IglAB homologues of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli were also shown to interact in yeast and the interaction was dependent on the preservation of the same alpha-helix. Heterologous interactions formed between non-native IglAB proteins further supported the notion of a conserved binding site. Thus, IglA-IglB complex formation is clearly crucial for Francisella pathogenicity and the same interaction is conserved in other human pathogens.
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| 24. |
- Bröms, Jeanette E, et al.
(author)
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Diminished LcrV secretion attenuates Yersinia pseudotuberculosis virulence.
- 2007
-
In: J Bacteriol. - 0021-9193.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Many Gram negative bacterial pathogenicity factors that function beyond the outer membrane are secreted via a contact-dependent type III secretion system. Two types of substrates are predestined for this mode of secretion; anti-host effectors that are translocated directly into target cells and the translocators required for targeting of the effectors across the host cell membrane. N-terminal secretion signals are important for recognition of the protein cargo by the type III secretion machinery. Even though such signals are known for several effectors, a consensus signal sequence is not obvious. One of the tranclocators, LcrV, has been attributed other functions in addition to its role in translocation. These functions include regulation, presumably via interaction with LcrG inside the bacteria and immunomodulation via interaction with TLR2. Here we wanted to address the significance of the specific targeting of LcrV to the exterior for its function in regulation, effector targeting and virulence. The results, highlighting key N-terminal amino acids important for LcrV secretion, allowed us to dissect the role of LcrV in regulation from that in effector targeting/virulence. While only low levels of exported LcrV were required for in vitro effector translocation as deduced by a cell infection assay, fully functional export of LcrV was found to be a prerequisite for its role in virulence in the systemic murine infection model.
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| 25. |
- Bröms, Jeanette E, et al.
(author)
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Mapping of a YscY binding domain within the LcrH chaperone that is required for regulation of Yersinia type III secretion
- 2005
-
In: Journal of Bacteriology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0021-9193 .- 1098-5530. ; 187:22, s. 7738-7752
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Type III secretion systems are used by many animal and plant interacting bacteria to colonize their host. These systems are often composed of at least 40 genes, making their temporal and spatial regulation very complex. Some type III chaperones of the translocator class are important regulatory molecules, such as the LcrH chaperone of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. In contrast, the highly homologous PcrH chaperone has no regulatory effect in native Pseudomonas aeruginosa or when produced in Yersinia. In this study, we used LcrH-PcrH chaperone hybrids to identify a discrete region in the N terminus of LcrH that is necessary for YscY binding and regulatory control of the Yersinia type III secretion machinery. PcrH was unable to bind YscY and the homologue Pcr4 of P. aeruginosa. YscY and Pcr4 were both essential for type III secretion and reciprocally bound to both substrates YscX of Yersinia and Pcr3 of P. aeruginosa. Still, Pcr4 was unable to complement a DeltayscY null mutant defective for type III secretion and yop-regulatory control in Yersinia, despite the ability of YscY to function in P. aeruginosa. Taken together, we conclude that the cross-talk between the LcrH and YscY components represents a strategic regulatory pathway specific to Yersinia type III secretion.
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