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1.	Abraham, Maria Celina, et al. (författare) Semen collection methods in alpacas 2017 Ingår i: Veterinary Record. - : Wiley. - 0042-4900 .- 2042-7670. ; 180, s. 613-614 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract South American camelids, particularly alpacas, are gaining in popularity outside their native lands. Reproductive biotechnologies, such as artificial insemination or embryo transfer with cryopreserved embryos, are more complicated in these species than many others due to differences in their reproductive physiology compared to the more commonly encountered domestic livestock. This article reviews the methods currently available for obtaining semen or spermatozoa from alpacas and describes some of the problems associated with handling the viscous seminal plasma characteristic of camelids. Possibilities and limitations of reproductive biotechnologies in this species are discussed, and future developments are outlined, especially some new techniques which are currently being developed for use with camel semen and may be transferable to alpacas.
2.	Andreen, Thomas, et al. (författare) Pain relief in dogs with hip dysplasia 2008 Ingår i: The Veterinary Record. - : Wiley. - 0042-4900 .- 2042-7670. ; 162:24, s. 796-796 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
3.	Backhans, Annette, et al. (författare) Higher perceived risks of antimicrobial use are related to lower usage among pig farmers in four European countries 2016 Ingår i: Veterinary Record. - : Wiley. - 0042-4900 .- 2042-7670. ; 179 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The prudent use of antimicrobials (AMs) should be widened in pig farming to reduce the risk of AM resistance (AMR) in human and veterinary medicine. It is therefore important to understand pig farmers' motivators and the barriers to AM usage (AMU) on their farms. The authors investigated pig farmers' self-estimated levels of AMU, their perceived benefits and risks and the need for AMs in a cross-sectional survey in Belgium, France, Germany and Sweden. The authors also compared these perceptions between the four countries and related them to pig farmers' actual AMU. The results showed that farmers who used more AMs also estimated their own usage as higher. Farmers perceived many benefits but relatively few risks of AMU in pig farming. Some significant cross-country differences in farmers' perceptions were found, but they were relatively small. After controlling for country differences and farm differences, only perceived risks had a significant association with AMU. The authors therefore conclude that in order to promote prudent AMU, it seems most promising to focus on the structural differences in pig farming and veterinary medicine (e.g. legislation, role of the veterinarian) among countries. In addition, interventions which aim at reducing AMU should increase farmers' awareness of the risks of extensive AMU.
4.	Backhans, Annette, et al. (författare) Profile of pig farms combining high performance and low antimicrobial usage within four European countries 2017 Ingår i: Veterinary Record. - : Wiley. - 0042-4900 .- 2042-7670. ; 181 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Pig farmers are strongly encouraged to reduce their antimicrobial usage because of the rising threat from antimicrobial resistance. However, such efforts should not compromise the herd health status and performance. This study aimed to describe the profile of so-called 'top-farms' that managed to combine both high technical performance and low antimicrobial usage. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 227 farrow-to-finish farms in Belgium, France, Germany and Sweden. Among them, 44 farms were allocated to the top-farms group and were compared with the 'regular' farms group in terms of farm characteristics, biosecurity and health status. Top-farms had fewer gastrointestinal symptoms in suckling pigs and fewer respiratory symptoms in fatteners, which could partly explain their reduced need for antimicrobials and higher performance. They also had higher biosecurity and were located in sparsely populated pig areas. However, 14 farms of the top-farms group were located in densely populated pig areas, but still managed to have low usage and high technical performance; they had higher internal biosecurity and more extensive vaccination against respiratory pathogens. These results illustrate that it is possible to control infectious diseases using other approaches than high antimicrobial usage, even in farms with challenging environmental and health conditions.
5.	Bergström, Annika, et al. (författare) Long-term outcomes in dogs with elbow dysplasia, assessed using the canine orthopaedic index 2023 Ingår i: Veterinary Record. - 0042-4900 .- 2042-7670. ; 193 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BackgroundElbow dysplasia (ED) is an important cause of lameness in dogs. This study aimed to report long-term outcomes in dogs with elbow osteoarthritis. MethodsDemographic data, medical management, and scores from The American College of Veterinary Surgeons' Canine Orthopaedic Index (COI) were collected from owners of dogs radiographically screened for ED, graded as normal, mild, or moderate. Telephone interviews were performed in 2017 (Q1), followed by an email survey in 2020 (Q2). The association between ED grade and deterioration in COI scores over time was evaluated with logistic regression. ResultsA total of 765 replies were collected for Q1 and 293 for Q2. At Q2, 222 dogs (76%) were alive, with a median age of 8 years (range 5-12 years). No association was found between ED and changes in COI score over time or between ED and survival (p = 0.071). Dogs with mild and moderate ED were treated with analgesic medications to a higher degree than dogs without ED (p < 0.05). LimitationsOnly owner-assed data were assessed; no clinical orthopaedic examination or follow-up radiographic evaluation was performed. ConclusionsNo association was found between the grade of ED and the worsening of clinical signs in dogs with elbow osteoarthritis.
6.	Bergström, Annika (författare) Type and impact of clinical incidents identified by a voluntary reporting system covering 130 small animal practices in mainland Europe 2022 Ingår i: Veterinary Record. - : Wiley. - 0042-4900 .- 2042-7670. ; 191 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background Veterinary healthcare can be a complex process and may lead to unwanted, potentially harmful patient safety incidents as a consequence, negatively impacting both the practice team and client satisfaction. The aim of this study was to identify how such incidents impact cats and dogs by analysing reports gathered in a large-scale voluntary incident reporting system. Methods Descriptive statistical analysis was used to study a total of 2155 incident reports, submitted by 130 practices on mainland Europe. Results Incidents caused harm in more than 40% of reports. Medication-related incidents were the most frequent type of incident recorded (40%). Treatment-related incidents were the most common type of incident causing patient harm (55%). Anaesthesia-related incidents were the most severe type of incident, resulting in patient death in 18% of these reports. Most incidents were reported from hospital wards, and a significantly higher proportion of cats were harmed by incidents compared to dogs. Conclusion This study demonstrates that patients are regularly harmed by incidents, with medication-related incidents being most common. In depth understanding of incident data can help develop interventions to reduce the risk of incident recurrence.
7.	Bremer, Hanna, et al. (författare) Disease patterns and incidence of immune-mediated disease in insured Swedish Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers 2015 Ingår i: Veterinary Record. - : Wiley. - 0042-4900 .- 2042-7670. ; 177 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In this study, morbidity in insured Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever (NSDTR) dogs from Sweden was investigated and compared with all other breeds and other retriever breeds. In addition to describing common morbidities in NSDTRs, the hypotheses that NSDTRs are predisposed to lymphoma, immune-mediated rheumatic disease (IMRD) and steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA) were tested. Included in the study were 445,336 dogs; of which, 2890 were NSDTRs that had been covered by veterinary insurance from the Agria Insurance Company (Stockholm, Sweden) at some point during the years 1995-2006. Incidences of various health problems were calculated using the number of veterinary visits as the numerator and the exact time at risk as the denominator. Overall, morbidity was higher in NSDTRs compared with all other breeds, but similar compared with other retriever breeds. The most common causes of veterinary visits in NSDTRs were injuries, gastrointestinal disease and locomotor disorders, with NSDTRs at increased risk of these compared with all other breeds. The incidences for IMRD, SRMA and lymphoma were significantly higher in NSDTRs than in all other dog breeds and all other retriever breeds. The study describes morbidity in NSDTRs, and identifies several disorders to which the breed is predisposed.
8.	Egenvall, Agneta (författare) Designing studies to meet the task 2012 Ingår i: Veterinary Record. - : Wiley. - 0042-4900 .- 2042-7670. ; 170, s. 561-562 Annan publikation (refereegranskat)
9.	Engdahl, Karolina, et al. (författare) Long-term outcome in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease evaluated using the canine orthopaedic index 2023 Ingår i: Veterinary Record. - 0042-4900 .- 2042-7670. ; 193 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BackgroundCranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD) is common in dogs, but studies on the long-term treatment outcome are scarce. MethodsThe long-term outcome in a cohort of 71 dogs with CCLD treated with tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO, n = 18), tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA, n = 23) or lateral fabellotibial suture (LFS, n = 30) was evaluated using the canine orthopaedic index. ResultsThe risk of stiffness and lameness was increased in dogs treated with TPLO (stiffness: incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.33, p = 0.015; lameness: IRR 1.34, p = 0.020) or TTA (stiffness: IRR 1.26, p = 0.035; lameness: IRR 1.31, p = 0.026) when compared to LFS at a median follow-up time of 4.6 years. LimitationsNo follow-up veterinary examination was performed. Data were collected from only two university animal hospitals, and thus, a referral bias towards more complicated cases is possible, which may limit the generalisability of the results. ConclusionClinicians can use the results to inform dog owners about the expected long-term outcome in dogs with CCLD.
10.	Engdahl, Karolina, et al. (författare) The epidemiology of stifle joint disease in an insured Swedish dog population 2021 Ingår i: Veterinary Record. - : Wiley. - 0042-4900 .- 2042-7670. ; 189 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background Stifle joint diseases (SJD) are common in dogs and include a variety of diagnoses. The objective of the study was to provide an overview of the epidemiology of SJD in insured dogs.Methods An historical single cohort study of dogs insured in Agria Pet Insurance (2011-2016) in Sweden was performed. Incidence and relative risk (RR) of SJD was calculated for the whole dog population and for subgroups divided by breed, breed group and sex.Results The study population included almost 600,000 insured dogs (>1.7 million dog-years). Ninety-three different stifle joint diagnoses were reported in 9624 dogs, and the most common were cruciate ligament rupture and patellar luxation. The incidence of SJD was 55.4 cases per 10,000 dog-years at risk. Bulldog and boerboel had the highest RR of SJD. The breeds that accounted for the highest proportion of all SJD claimed dogs were mixed breed and Labrador retriever. Female dogs had a slightly increased RR compared with male dogs (RR 1.06, p = 0.006). The incidence increased yearly during the observation period.Conclusion The study demonstrates breed-specific differences in incidence of SJD in dogs, which may be of importance for breeders, dog owners and veterinarians.
11.	Eriksson, E., et al. (författare) Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in the Swedish pig population 2003 Ingår i: The Veterinary Record. - 0042-4900 .- 2042-7670. ; 152:23, s. 712-717 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 (VTEC O157:H7) was detected in two of 2446 individual faecal samples collected from pigs slaughtered at five Swedish slaughterhouses, indicating a prevalence of 0.08 per cent, with a 95 per cent confidence interval from 0 to 0-16 per cent. Four Swedish VTEC O157:H7-positive farms which kept ruminants and pigs were studied by repeated faecal sampling; VTEC O157:H7 was isolated from the ruminants and pigs on all the farms and the same strains were present in the pigs and the ruminants. On one of the farms, the organism persisted in the pig population for 11 months. On all four farms, management practices which might have influenced the isolation rate in pigs were identified. A group of young VTEC O157:H7-positive pigs was moved from one of the VTEC O157:H7-positive farms to a fattening herd where there were no ruminants. The number of VTEC O157:H7-positive faecal samples decreased gradually and after nine weeks the pigs were all negative; at slaughter none of the pigs was VTEC O157:H7-positive.
12.	Eriksson, Helena, et al. (författare) Erysipelas in laying hens is associated with housing system 2013 Ingår i: Veterinary Record. - : Wiley. - 0042-4900 .- 2042-7670. ; 173, s. 18- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Following the change from conventional cages to non-cage housing systems and furnished cages, which in Sweden was finalised by 2005, problems caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae increased in laying hen flocks. This study aimed to investigate possible associations between housing systems for laying hens and outbreaks of erysipelas. Also, sera from 129 flocks in different housing systems, collected during 2005-2007, were analysed for the presence of antibodies to E rhusiopathiae using an indirect ELISA test. Antibodies were detected in all housing systems. The mean flock absorbance values from free-range flocks were significantly higher than corresponding values from other housing systems. Data on the Swedish laying hen population were compared with the recorded number of erysipelas outbreaks during 1998-2011. Outbreaks occurred on 15 farms with indoor litter-based systems (n=194 farms in 2011) and on 21 free-range farms (n=87 farms in 2011). No outbreak was diagnosed on farms with flocks in conventional or furnished cages. The results indicate that the risk for an outbreak was higher in free-range systems than in indoor litter-based systems, and lowest for flocks housed in cages. Absence of erysipelas in the majority of subsequent flocks on the affected farms suggested that proper measures, including vaccination, were undertaken.
13.	Fahlman, Åsa (författare) Human exposures to immobilising agents: results of an online survey 2010 Ingår i: Veterinary Record. - : Wiley. - 0042-4900 .- 2042-7670. ; 167, s. 327-332 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Cases of human exposure to veterinary injectable anaesthetics were reviewed following a literature search and completion of an online questionnaire in an attempt to provide an objective approach to the problem. The modified Glasgow Coma Scale was used to rank cases according to their severity. From the cases examined, results showed that intoxication with potent opioids, such as etorphine, carfentanil and thiafentanil, need to be treated with antagonists such as naloxone, nalmefene or naltrexone, and not with antagonists with agonistic properties, such as diprenorphine. With regard to the alpha(2)-agonists xylazine, detomidine, medetomidine and romifidine, no antagonist is currently accredited for human use. Atipamezole, a specific alpha(2)-antagonist, is widely used in veterinary medicine and has been used experimentally to reverse dexmetomidine in a study in human medicine. The high concentrations of alpha(2)-agonists being used in zoo and wildlife medicine warrant the accreditation of atipamezole for use in cases of human exposure. Knowledge and availability of the appropriate antagonist are essential in cases of human intoxication with injectable anaesthetics. Preventive measures, such as wearing gloves and eye protection, need to be used more regularly to reduce the risk of exposure.
14.	Fall, Tove, 1979-, et al. (författare) Glucagon stimulation test for estimating endogenous insulin secretion in dogs 2008 Ingår i: The Veterinary Record. - : Wiley. - 0042-4900 .- 2042-7670. ; 163:9, s. 266-270 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Fifty-one dogs (27 diabetic dogs, four that had recovered from diabetes and 20 healthy control dogs) were given 0.5 or 1.0 mg glucagon intravenously. Blood samples were taken before the injection and 10 and 20 minutes after it. Samples were analysed to determine C-peptide, insulin and glucose concentrations, and one sample from each dog was analysed for fructosamine. The median (interquartile range) concentrations of C-peptide in the samples taken at 10 minutes were 0.5 (0.3 to 0.8) nmol/l in the control dogs, 0.1 (0 to 0.2) nmol/l in the diabetic dogs, and 0.3 (0.2 to 0.4) nmol/l in the dogs that had recovered from diabetes. Seven of the 51 dogs showed mild adverse reactions after the injection of glucagon.
15.	Fernström, Lise-Lotte, et al. (författare) Presence of pathogenic bacteria in faeces from dogs fed raw meat-based diets or dry kibble 2020 Ingår i: Veterinary Record. - : Wiley. - 0042-4900 .- 2042-7670. ; 187 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background Feeding dogs with raw meat-based diets (RMBD) has increased in popularity in recent years. Proponents claim that RMBD is more natural for dogs, because it is what their ancestors (wolves) eat. Opponents claim that RMBD is a health hazard to both humans and animals, with a risk of spreading zoonotic bacteria and resistant bacterial strains.Methods This cross-sectional study investigated differences in bacteria shedding in faeces between dogs fed RMBD and dogs fed dry kibble. Faeces samples from 50 dogs from the same municipality were analysed for the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli, Campylobacter and Salmonella.Results For the 25 dogs fed RMBD, ESBL E coli was isolated from 13 faeces samples, Campylobacter from 12 and Salmonella from 1. For the 25 dogs fed dry kibble, ESBL-producing E coli was isolated from one faeces sample and Campylobacter from four, while Salmonella was not detected.Conclusion There was thus a significant difference in excretion of zoonotic and resistant bacteria in faeces between dogs fed RMBD and dogs fed dry kibble. These results confirm that RMBD can pose a microbiological risk not only for dogs, but also for people handling RMBD and faeces from dogs.
16.	Frosth, Sara, et al. (författare) Ovine footrot: new insights into bacterial colonisation 2016 Ingår i: Veterinary Record. - : Wiley. - 0042-4900 .- 2042-7670. ; 179 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Ovine footrot is characterised by interdigital dermatitis (ID) and by the separation of the skin and hoof horn (under-running footrot). Dichelobacter nodosus is the essential pathogen causing footrot; the role of other microorganisms in this disease remains unclear. The aims of this study were (i) to investigate the colonisation of D nodosus, Fusobacterium necrophorum and Treponema species in biopsies from the ovine interdigital skin of healthy, ID and footrot-affected feet and (ii) to characterise the virulence of D nodosus strains in those biopsies. Postslaughter biopsy samples (n= 241) were collected and analysed by real-time PCR to determine prevalence and load of the different bacterial species. The highest prevalence and load of D nodosus were found on feet with ID. The vast majority of samples contained virulent D nodosus and some samples contained both virulent and benign D nodosus. Notably, the more pathogenic subspecies of F necrophorum was found in samples from UK sheep. Our findings provide further insights into the role bacterial colonisation may play in the early stage of ID and in the progression towards footrot.
17.	Hagelin, Joakim, et al. (författare) Attitude of Swedish veterinary and medical students to animal experimentation 2000 Ingår i: The Veterinary Record. - 0042-4900 .- 2042-7670. ; 146:26, s. 757-760 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Nearly all veterinary and medical students (94 per cent) found it morally acceptable to use animals in research and believed it to be a necessity in order to treat human diseases. In contrast with the medical students a substantial proportion ofveterinary students (40 per cent) considered themselves animal rights activists. Unlike themedical curriculum, the veterinary curriculum contains a two-week course in laboratoryanimal medicine, and a higher proportion of the students who had not been through this course was opposed to the use of animals in research than of the students who had completed the course. The course modified the views of half the students; more than 26 per cent of them became more positive towards animal use in research after the courser whereas 3 per cent became more negative.
18.	Hamlin, Helene, et al. (författare) Steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis in Nova Scotia duck tolling retrievers 2013 Ingår i: Veterinary Record. - : Wiley. - 0042-4900 .- 2042-7670. ; 173 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
19.	Hansson, Ingrid, et al. (författare) Detection of Campylobacter species in different types of samples from dairy farms 2020 Ingår i: Veterinary Record. - : Wiley. - 0042-4900 .- 2042-7670. ; 186 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background Livestock, domestic pets and wildlife can be intestinal carriers of thermotolerant Campylobacter species. These reservoirs can in turn contaminate the environment and food products, thus creating pathways to campylobacteriosis in human beings. The purposes of this study were to investigate sampling strategies applied for surveillance of Campylobacter on dairy cattle farms and to identify the presence and species of Campylobacter in different age groups.Methods Boot sock and faecal samples were collected from five dairy herds from three age groups-cows, heifers and calves younger than 12 months-and from milk filters.Results Campylobacter species were isolated in 152 of 250 samples, of which 93 isolates were identified as C jejuni, 51 as C hyointestinalis, two as C lari and one as C coli, whereas five isolates could not be identified to species level. Campylobacter species were isolated from 86 of 110 faecal samples, 60 of 97 sock samples and six of 43 milk filter samples.Conclusion Faecal samples were the optimal sample type for detection of Campylobacter on dairy farms. However, taking multiple types of samples could be recommended in order to optimise the recovery rate and variety of Campylobacter species detected when investigating the presence of Campylobacter on dairy farms.
20.	Hansson, Kerstin, et al. (författare) Comparison of macroscopic resorption time for a self-locking device and suture material in ovarian pedicle ligation in dogs 2019 Ingår i: Veterinary Record. - : Wiley. - 0042-4900 .- 2042-7670. ; 184 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A resorbable self-locking device (LigaTie) was developed to enable safe and easy surgical ligation of blood vessels. The aim of this study was to compare the long-term in vivo resorption of the device to a commercially available suture of equivalent material (Maxon) following ovarian pedicle ligation. After ovariohysterectomy follow-up ultrasound examinations were performed monthly on 21 dogs ligated with the device and 22 dogs ligated with the suture material until no hyperechoic remnants, acoustic shadowing or local tissue reactions were detected. In both groups, the ovarian pedicles gradually decreased in size. Ligation material was considered macroscopically resorbed when ultrasound showed no signs of the device or suture, ovarian pedicle or tissue reaction. Macroscopic resorption had occurred without signs of complications and was complete by four months for sutures and 5.5 months for the device. The results show that resorption time in vivo for the resorbable self-locking device is mildly longer than suture of the same material and that no complications of device resorption were detected, supporting that the resorbable self-locking device is safe for in vivo use.
21.	Hellgren, Josefin, et al. (författare) Occurrence of Salmonella, Campylobacter, Clostridium and Enterobacteriaceae in raw meat-based diets for dogs 2019 Ingår i: Veterinary Record. - : Wiley. - 0042-4900 .- 2042-7670. ; 184 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The practice of feeding raw meat-based diets (RMBD) to dogs has increased in popularity in recent years. However, RMBD are based on offal that has not undergone any type of treatment to reduce the microbial content, so there is a risk of potential pathogenic microorganisms being present. Frozen samples from 60 RMBD packs produced by 10 different manufacturers were analysed for their content of bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, for Clostridium perfringens and for the presence of Salmonella and Campylobacter. Enterobacteriaceae were detected in all 60 samples and in 31 samples exceeded a level of 5000 bacteria/g, which is the threshold for satisfactory microbial hygiene according to EU regulations. In two samples, the amount of C. perfringens exceeded 5000 bacteria/g, which is the maximum level of anaerobic bacteria permitted by Swedish national guidelines. Salmonella species were found in four (7 per cent) and Campylobacter species in three (5 per cent) samples. These results show that it is critical to maintain good hygiene when storing, handling and feeding RMBD, in order to limit the potential health risks to animals and humans, especially young and immunocompromised individuals.
22.	Hultin Jäderlund, Karin (författare) New aspects of hereditary ataxia in smooth-haired fox terriers 2010 Ingår i: Veterinary Record. - : Wiley. - 0042-4900 .- 2042-7670. ; 166, s. 557-560 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Hereditary ataxia was diagnosed in three smooth-haired fox terrier puppies from Sweden, 25 years after the previous known case in the breed. In addition to the characteristic spinal cord pathology, brain involvement was evident clinically, in the form of behavioural changes and bilaterally decreased menace responses, and histopathologically, with degenerative changes in the brainstem. The striking similarities to hereditary ataxia in the jack Russell terrier suggest the same disease process in both breeds. A common ancestor, a female dog born in 1951 and considered a carrier of the disease at that time, was found in both the maternal and paternal lines of the three puppies.
23.	Humblot, Patrice, et al. (författare) Factors affecting the accuracy of pregnancy scanning in ewes 2013 Ingår i: Veterinary Record. - : Wiley. - 0042-4900 .- 2042-7670. ; 173, s. 606- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The objective was to evaluate the accuracy of pregnancy scanning by transabdominal ultrasonography and affecting factors. Altogether 44,783 ewes were registered (2008-2010), 39,724 diagnosed as pregnant and subsequently lambed. The ewes, 0.5-14 years old, were divided into 4 age and 6 breed groups and analysed. The accuracy (per cent; number of scanned fetuses/number of born lambs) decreased with increasing number of fetuses (P<0.001). Overall accuracy was 90.3 per cent, highest (93.7 per cent) in ewes carrying one fetus, 91.9 per cent, 82.4 per cent, and 74.9 per cent in ewes with 2, 3 and >= 4 fetuses at scanning, respectively. Finnsheep ewes with highest number of lambs showed lowest accuracy (P<0.001). Analyses of a more complete sub set of data (n=23,396), showed that number of fetuses diagnosed, breed, age of ewe, operator and time in gestation, significantly affected the accuracy. Accuracy decreased with age of ewe (P<0.001) and was 71.8 per cent, 91.6 per cent and 89.3 per cent for scanning at <40, 40-80 and 81-100 days of gestation, respectively (P<0.001). In general, the numbers of fetuses were overestimated at scanning and increased gradually with number of fetuses diagnosed. In conclusion, the accuracy was affected by several factors, which should be considered when interpreting/implementing the results, especially in breeds with high fecundity.
24.	Hurri, Emma, et al. (författare) Post-thaw semen quality in young bull ejaculates before being accepted for commercial semen doses 2022 Ingår i: Veterinary Record. - : Wiley. - 0042-4900 .- 2042-7670. ; 191 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Genomic selection enables bulls with desirable characteristics to be identified at a young age, but sperm quality can be poor in the ejaculates of young bulls. Few studies have been done on post-thaw sperm quality in bulls less than 10 months old. The objective of this study was to determine the age at which post-thaw sperm quality was acceptable for artificial insemination.Methods: Semen was collected by artificial vagina; samples containing 100-500 million spermatozoa/ml were frozen for this study. Post-thaw analyses of membrane integrity (MI), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), chromatin integrity, morphology, production of reactive oxygen species and sperm kinematics were made.Results: The age at which ejaculates exceeded the breeding company's thresholds of acceptance varied considerably among individuals, with 285 days being the earliest. Morphology (p < 0.003), MI (p = 0.0096), high MMP (p = 0.043) and superoxide production (p = 0.0084) increased between the first and last ejaculates but reached acceptable levels at different ages for individual bulls.Conclusions: It was possible to obtain acceptable post-thaw sperm quality from samples even though sperm concentration was lower than the breeding company's threshold. Therefore, it might be feasible to use ejaculates earlier than is currently considered possible, by modifying semen handling protocols.
25.	Höglund, Johan, et al. (författare) Calving season is a stronger determinant of worm burdens in pasture-based beef production than the level of residual larval contamination at turnout 2013 Ingår i: Veterinary Record. - : Wiley. - 0042-4900 .- 2042-7670. ; 172, s. 472- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The combined influence of (1) calving period (early or late) and (2) overwintering contamination by residual infective larvae (high or low) on subsequent exposure of suckler calves to gastrointestinal nematodes was investigated. We found that the effect of calving date was greater than the level of residual contamination. This was because the adult cows produced large quantities of manure containing small amounts of nematode eggs from turnout, which significantly contaminated the pasture, and thereby, reduced the effect of prior high-low contamination. Early born calves were found to be more heavily exposed to parasites, most likely due to ingesting more herbage than those born later. Late-born calves also had relatively high antibody levels at turnout, which first decreased and then increased again. We suggest that the high antibody levels at turnout reflect passive transfer of maternal antibodies through the milk. There was also a significant difference in animal performance, with the more heavily exposed early born calves having significantly lower daily weight gain than the late-born calves. However, this might not be entirely due to increased parasitism.

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