| 1. |
- Holmén, Jessica, 1971, et al.
(author)
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Mucins and their O-Glycans from human bronchial epithelial cell cultures.
- 2004
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In: American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 1040-0605 .- 1522-1504. ; 287:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A longstanding question in obstructive airway disease is whether observed changes in mucin composition and/or posttranslational glycosylation are due to genetic or to environmental factors. We tested whether the mucins secreted by second-passage primary human bronchial epithelial cell cultures derived from noncystic fibrosis (CF) or CF patients have intrinsically different specific mucin compositions, and whether these mucins are glycosylated differently. Both CF and non-CF cultures produced MUC5B, predominantly, as judged by quantitative agarose gel Western blots with mucin-specific antibodies: MUC5B was present at approximately 10-fold higher levels than MUC5AC, consistent with our previous mRNA studies (Bernacki SH, Nelson AL, Abdullah L, Sheehan JK, Harris A, William DC, and Randell SH. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 20: 595-604, 1999). O-linked oligosaccharides released from purified non-CF and CF mucins and studied by HPLC mass spectrometry had highly variable glycan structures, and there were no observable differences between the two groups. Hence, there were no differences in either the specific mucins or their O-glycans that correlated with the CF phenotype under the noninfected/noninflammatory conditions of cell culture. We conclude that the differences observed in the mucins sampled directly from patients are most likely due to environmental factors relating to infection and/or inflammation.
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| 2. |
- Henter, JI, et al.
(author)
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Histiocyte disorders
- 2004
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In: Critical reviews in oncology/hematology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1040-8428. ; 50:2, s. 157-174
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 3. |
- Ahlfors, Reetta, et al.
(author)
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Arabidopsis RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH1 belongs to the WWE protein-protein interaction domain protein family and modulates abscisic acid, ethylene, and methyl jasmonate responses.
- 2004
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In: The Plant Cell. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1040-4651 .- 1532-298X. ; 16:7, s. 1925-37
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Experiments with several Arabidopsis thaliana mutants have revealed a web of interactions between hormonal signaling. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis mutant radical-induced cell death1 (rcd1), although hypersensitive to apoplastic superoxide and ozone, is more resistant to chloroplastic superoxide formation, exhibits reduced sensitivity to abscisic acid, ethylene, and methyl jasmonate, and has altered expression of several hormonally regulated genes. Furthermore, rcd1 has higher stomatal conductance than the wild type. The rcd1-1 mutation was mapped to the gene At1g32230 where it disrupts an intron splice site resulting in a truncated protein. RCD1 belongs to the (ADP-ribosyl)transferase domain–containing subfamily of the WWE protein–protein interaction domain protein family. The results suggest that RCD1 could act as an integrative node in hormonal signaling and in the regulation of several stress-responsive genes.
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| 4. |
- Baecklund, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Rheumatoid arthritis and malignant lymphomas
- 2004
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In: Current Opinion in Rheumatology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1040-8711 .- 1531-6963. ; 16:3, s. 254-261
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The reason for the increased lymphoma risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has remained unclear. Reports of lymphomas in patients treated with TNF-blockers have brought renewed interest in this issue. This review summarizes data on possible associations between RA and lymphomas, including different treatments and RA disease related risk factors.RECENT FINDINGS:Some recent studies reported increased lymphoma risks linked to RA disease activity. The hypothesis that disease-modifying drugs, and in particular methotrexate, would increase the lymphoma risk receives little support. Observation times for the TNF-blocking therapies are still short, but so far no clear increased risk for lymphoma has been observed. Presence of Epstein-Barr virus, as analyzed with EBER in situ hybridization, appears to be uncommon in RA related lymphomas. Hypothetically, an increased proliferative drive caused by self or non-self antigens may play a role in lymphoma development in RA patients, but this has to be further studied.SUMMARY:Rheumatologists need to be aware of the increased lymphoma risk in their RA patients. The reason for the increased lymphoma risk in RA patients is still unclear, but available studies rather support the hypothesis of a link between RA disease severity and the risk of lymphoma than increased risks associated with specific treatment regimens. To facilitate the future evaluation of lymphoma risks in connection with treatment, we suggest that patients treated with new drugs should be subject to structured surveillance. Collected information should include data about RA disease activity and severity.
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| 5. |
- Bharti, K, et al.
(author)
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Tomato heat stress transcription factor HsfB1 represents a novel type of general transcription coactivator with a histone-like motif interacting with the plant CREB binding protein ortholog HAC1
- 2004
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In: The Plant cell. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1040-4651 .- 1532-298X. ; 16:6, s. 1521-1535
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In contrast with the class A heat stress transcription factors (HSFs) of plants, a considerable number of HSFs assigned to classes B and C have no evident function as transcription activators on their own. However, in the following article, we provide evidence that tomato (Lycopersicon peruvianum) HsfB1 represents a novel type of coactivator cooperating with class A HSFs (e.g., with tomato HsfA1). Provided the appropriate promoter architecture, the two HSFs assemble into an enhanceosome-like complex, resulting in strong synergistic activation of reporter gene expression. Moreover, HsfB1 also cooperates in a similar manner with other activators, for example, with the ASF1/2 enhancer binding proteins of the 35S promoter of Cauliflower mosaic virus or with yet unidentified activators controlling housekeeping gene expression. By these effects, HsfB1 may help to maintain and/or restore expression of certain viral or housekeeping genes during ongoing heat stress. The coactivator function of HsfB1 depends on a histone-like motif in its C-terminal domain with an indispensable Lys residue in the center (GRGKMMK). This motif is required for recruitment of the plant CREB binding protein (CBP) ortholog HAC1. HsfA1, HsfB1, and HAC1/CBP form ternary complexes in vitro and in vivo with markedly enhanced efficiency in promoter recognition and transcription activation in plant and mammalian (COS7) cells. Using small interfering RNA–mediated knock down of HAC1 expression in Arabidopsis thaliana mesophyll protoplasts, the crucial role for the coactivator function of HsfB1 was confirmed.
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| 6. |
- Christenson, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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Direct electron transfer between ligninolytic redox enzymes and electrodes
- 2004
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In: Electroanalysis. - : Wiley. - 1040-0397 .- 1521-4109. ; 16:13-14, s. 1074-1092
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The electrochemistry of the ligninolytic redox enzymes, which include lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and laccase and possibly also cellobiose dehydrogenase, is reviewed and discussed in conjunction with their basic biochemical characteristics. It is shown that long-range electron transfer between these enzymes and electrodes can be established and their ability to degrade lignin through a direct electron transfer mechanism is discussed.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Ferapontova, Elena
(author)
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Direct peroxidase bioelectrocatalysis on a variety of electrode materials
- 2004
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In: Electroanalysis. - : Wiley. - 1040-0397 .- 1521-4109. ; 16:13-14, s. 1101-1112
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The role of the electrode material in the efficiency of direct (non-mediated) bioelectrocatalytic reduction of H2O2, catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is studied and discussed. The variations in direct peroxidase bioelectrocatalysis when coming from carbon/graphite to metal electrodes and oxides, as well as modified electrodes, are analyzed regarding the variations in adsorption/orientation of peroxidase at the electrodes, interfacial electron transfer rates and mechanism of catalysis.
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| 9. |
- Gomez, Federico, et al.
(author)
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Factors affecting quality and postharvest properties of vegetables: Integration of water relations and metabolism
- 2004
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In: Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1040-8398 .- 1549-7852. ; 44:3, s. 139-154
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Growing of vegetables in the field, harvesting, handling in the packing house and storage are events in the lifetime of vegetables that arc analysed from the point of view of the complex series of physiological transitions taking place in each of these events. Water is the major factor limiting plant metabolism and plants have developed fascinating mechanisms to cope with this limiting factor. Therefore, water relations (water, pressure and osmotic potential) are used as criteria for discussing plant stress physiology aspects such as osmotic, elastic adjustment and cold acclimation, as well as mechanical stress when the vegetable is harvested and during handling in the packing house. Consequences for the storage potential and quality of the vegetable arc discussed. After harvesting, the postharvest cell has the ability to complete a complex series of physiological transitions that will influence vegetable quality and further processing operations. Metabolic changes in the cytosol, cell membrane and cell wall are described.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Lundström, Linda, et al.
(author)
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Unwrapping Hartmann-Shack images from highly aberrated eyes using an iterative B-spline based extrapolation method
- 2004
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In: Optometry and Vision Science. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1040-5488 .- 1538-9235. ; 81:5, s. 383-388
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose. When the wavefront aberrations of the eye are measured with a Hartmann-Shack (HS) sensor, the resulting spot pattern must be unwrapped, that is, for each lenslet the corresponding spot must be identified. This puts a limitation on the measurable amount of aberrations. To extend the range of an HS sensor, a powerful unwrapping algorithm has been developed. Methods. The unwrapping algorithm starts by connecting the central HS spots to the central lenslets. It then fits a B-spline function through a least squares estimate to the deviations of the central HS spots. This function is then extrapolated to find the expected locations of HS spots for the unconnected lenslets. The extrapolation is performed gradually in an iterative manner; the closest unconnected lenslets are extrapolated and connected, and then the B-spline function is least squares fitted to all connected HS spots and extrapolated again. Results. Wavefront aberrations from eyes with high aberrations can be successfully unwrapped with the developed algorithm. The dynamic range of a typical HS sensor increases 3.5 to 13 times compared with a simple unwrapping algorithm. Conclusions. The implemented algorithm is an efficient unwrapping tool and allows the use of lenslets with a low numerical aperture and thus gives a relatively higher accuracy of measurements of the ocular aberrations.
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| 14. |
- Mak, Wing Cheung, et al.
(author)
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Nanoengineered encapsulation of mediator microcrystals and their use as a non-metallic label system for the silver enhancement technique
- 2004
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In: Electroanalysis. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1040-0397 .- 1521-4109. ; 16:1-2, s. 156-160
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report on the nanoengineered encapsulation and functionalization of mediator microcrystals and their use as a non-metallic bioassay label system for the silver enhancement technology. Mediator microcrystals were encapsulated and functionalized by using a Layer-by-Layer (LbL) based approach. This is a generic way to transform most low-soluble mediators (e.g., ferroceneacetic acid) into a label for electrochemical bioassays. Instead of using conventional gold particles, encapsulated mediator microcrystals are used as the primary label for the silver enhancement technique. After the biorecognition reaction the unbound labels were separated and a silver(I) ion solution was added. The mediator reduces silver ions into metallic silver and the mediator microcrystal was transformed into a silver particle. Consecutively a reducing agent was added leading to a further silver growth, representing the silver enhancement step. A large amount of silver was developed from the mediator, resulting in signal amplification. The amount of developed silver was studied in a bioassay and was found proportional to the analyte concentration.
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| 15. |
- Nordborg, Elisabeth, 1948, et al.
(author)
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Giant cell arteritis: strategies in diagnosis and treatment.
- 2004
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In: Current opinion in rheumatology. - 1040-8711. ; 16:1, s. 25-30
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes current diagnostic assessments and therapeutic strategies in giant cell arteritis. Giant cell arteritis or temporal arteritis is a chronic vasculitis of large and medium-size vessels. Concurrent symptoms of proximal muscular ache and morning stiffness, polymyalgia rheumatica, are commonly seen. Recent investigations support the contention that polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis are two different expressions of the same underlying vasculitic disorder. RECENT FINDINGS: The symptomatology of giant cell arteritis is quite varying. Recently a frequent occurrence of audiovestibular manifestations was demonstrated, which should be actively searched for in the clinical investigation. Although color Doppler ultrasound, MRI, and positron emission tomography have illustrated the widespread nature of giant cell arteritis, none of these techniques may currently replace temporal artery biopsy. Biopsy of the superficial temporal artery is a safe and simple procedure, and remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. The importance of long biopsies and meticulous histologic examination using sub-serial sectioning is emphasized. Numerous recent publications confirm the low diagnostic yield of a second, contralateral biopsy. Corticosteroids remain the cornerstone in the treatment of giant cell arteritis. Although steroid treatment promptly eliminates symptoms of systemic inflammation, its effect on inflammatory morphology is delayed. Consequently, there is a need for new therapeutic strategies. The potential role of aspirin has recently been implicated.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Rasmusson, Allan, et al.
(author)
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Alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenases of plant mitochondria
- 2004
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In: Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology. - : Annual Reviews. - 1040-2519. ; 55, s. 23-39
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Plant mitochondria have a highly branched electron transport chain that provides great flexibility for oxidation of cytosolic and matrix NAD(P)H. In addition to the universal electron transport chain found in many organisms, plants have alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenases in the first part of the chain and a second oxidase, the alternative oxidase, in the latter part. The alternative activities are nonproton pumping and allow for NAD(P)H oxidation with varying levels of energy conservation. This provides a mechanism for plants to, for example, remove excess reducing power and balance the redox poise of the cell. This review presents our current understanding of the alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenases present in plant mitochondria.
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| 18. |
- Runeson, Sverker, et al.
(author)
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On two modes of apprehension
- 2004
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In: Ecological Psychology. - 1040-7413. ; 16:1, s. 37-44
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We argue that two qualitatively distinct modes of apprehension, two cognitive modes, are brought into play in our knowing the world. This sort of claim is not new to Psychology (e.g., Baron, 1981; Brunswik, 1966; Heft, 1993; Michotte, 1955/1991; Polanyi, 1966; Ryan, 1938) but with reliance on basic ecological tenets, a more substantial treatment should be possible. Drawing on recent theoretical development and empirical results (Runeson, Juslin & Olsson, 2000), and in radical contrast to timeworn constructivist notions, it is maintained that use of meaningful specificational information is the hallmark of perception, whereas “cognition” provides various supplementary functions. Tentatively, we characterize the two modes as follows:
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| 19. |
- Schrader, J., et al.
(author)
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A high-resolution transcript profile across the wood-forming meristem of poplar identifies potential regulators of cambial stem cell identity
- 2004
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In: The Plant Cell. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1040-4651 .- 1532-298X. ; 16:9, s. 2278-2292
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Plant growth is the result of cell proliferation in meristems, which requires a careful balance between the formation of new tissue and the maintenance of a set of undifferentiated stem cells. Recent studies have provided important information on several genetic networks responsible for stem cell maintenance and regulation of cell differentiation in the apical meristems of shoots and roots. Nothing, however, is known about the regulatory networks in secondary meristems like the vascular cambium of trees. We have made use of the large size and highly regular layered organization of the cambial meristem to create a high-resolution transcriptional map covering 220 mum of the cambial region of aspen (Populus tremula). Clusters of differentially expressed genes revealed substantial differences in the transcriptomes of the six anatomically homogenous cell layers in the meristem zone. Based on transcriptional and anatomical data, we present a model for the position of the stem cells and the proliferating mother cells in the cambial zone. We also provide sets of marker genes for different stages of xylem and phloem differentiation and identify potential regulators of cambial meristem activity. Interestingly, analysis of known regulators of apical meristem development indicates substantial similarity in regulatory networks between primary and secondary meristems.
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| 20. |
- Taeymans, D., et al.
(author)
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A review of acrylamide : An industry perspective on research, analysis, formation, and control
- 2004
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In: Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1040-8398 .- 1549-7852. ; 44:5, s. 323-347
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Acrylamide is a synthetic monomer with a wide scope of industrial applications, mainly as a precursor in the production of several polymers, such as polyacrylamide. The main uses of polyacrylamides are in water and wastewater treatment processes, pulp and paper processing, and mining and mineral processing. The announcement by the Swedish National Food Administration in April 2002 of the presence of acrylamide predominantly in heat-treated carbohydrate-rich foods sparked intensive investigations into acrylamide, encompassing the occurrence, chemistry, agricultural practices, and toxicology, in order to establish if there is a potential risk to human health from the presence of this contaminant in the human diet. The link of acrylamide in foods to the Maillard reaction and, in particular, to the amino acid asparagine has been a major step forward in elucidating the first feasible chemical route of formation during the preparation and processing of food. Other probably minor pathways have also been proposed, including acrolein and acrylic acid. This review addresses the analytical and mechanistic aspects of the acrylamide issue and summarizes the progress made to date by the European food industries in these key areas. Essentially, it presents experimental results generated under laboratory model conditions, as well as under actual food processing conditions covering different food categories, such as potatoes, biscuits, cereals, and coffee. Since acrylamide formation is closely linked to food composition, factors such as the presence of sugars and availability of free amino acids are also considered. Many new findings that contribute towards a better understanding of the formation and presence of acrylamide in foods are presented. Many national authorities across the world are assessing the dietary exposure of consumers to acrylamide, and scientific projects have commenced to gather new information about the toxicology of acrylamide. These are expected to provide new scientific knowledge that will help to clarify whether or not there is a risk to human health from the consumption of foods containing law amounts of acrylamide.
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| 21. |
- Trysberg, Estelle, 1960, et al.
(author)
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Cerebral inflammation and degeneration in systemic lupus erythematosus
- 2004
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In: Curr Opin Rheumatol. - 1040-8711. ; 16:5, s. 527-33
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review deals with new information related to central nervous system lupus, with special emphasis on mechanisms engaged in inflammation and neurodegeneration. RECENT FINDINGS: We report the very recent findings related to neuropsychiatric lupus in areas of (1) neuroimaging, (2) immunology and genetics, (3) biochemistry, and (4) neuropsychological tests. The relation between treatment of central nervous system lupus and immunologic/biochemical parameters as an outcome variable is also reported. SUMMARY: The recent advances in the field of neuropsychiatric lupus allow better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and follow-up of disease activity during immunosuppressive treatment.
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| 22. |
- Weissmann, Mikael, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Chinese influence on the DPRK negotiations
- 2004
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In: Peace Review. - 1040-2659 .- 1469-9982. ; 16:2, s. 219-224
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite its isolation, and its social and economic problems, the DPRK continues to disregard negotiations with the U.S. and has, according to the U.S., violated established agreements. It's true that the U.S. policy towards the DPRK has been less than cooperative, which has worried North Korea's Northeast Asian neighbors. Pyongyang's only reliable ally has traditionally been the People Republic of China (PRC), but even the Chinese have recently begun to revaluate the advantages of supporting Pyongyang. The Chinese support is partly born out of the fear of having U.S. troops at the Chinese-Korean border, but also because a DPRK collapse would, apart from a probable war, create huge waves of refugees. The Chinese impact on negotiations has been affected by its ambivalence both toward the DPRK and toward the U.S. military position in the Korean peninsula. The Chinese fear that a U.S. intervention would dissolve the DPRK and create a united Korea controlled by the Americans. There is also a strong concern in Beijing over Pyongyang's interest in developing nuclear weapons. Apart from the inherent dangers of Kim Jong-Il being armed with such weapons, his acquisition of them would undoubtedly lead to a popular demand in Japan and the Republic of Korea (ROK) to acquire nuclear capabilities, something that would further threaten regional security. This ambivalence, in combination with the potentially severe economic and political consequences of war and refugee flows, makes the Chinese an uncomfortable ally of Pyongyang. Beijing has been accused by the West of pressuring Pyongyang to take a hard position against the United States, rather than encouraging cooperation. On the other hand Beijing has also been a positive force in urging the North Koreans to communicate with the United States. Thus, it's worth examining what role and impact the PRC has had to date in the negotiations with DPRK, and what role it may play in the future.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Yan, Zhenghua
(author)
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A fast spectral approximation of narrow-band model for thermal radiation calculation
- 2004
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In: Numerical Heat Transfer Part B: Fundamentals. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1040-7790 .- 1521-0626. ; 46:2, s. 165-178
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A fast spectral approximation of a narrow-band computer model is proposed for prediction of thermal radiation in a generally nonisothermal and nonhomogeneous combustion environment. The approximation is made by assuming each discretized spatial element along a line of sight to be locally "gray" within each small narrow-band spectrum interval. For each spatial element, the local equivalent spectral absorption coefficient of the combustion products, including carbon dioxide, water vapor, and soot, is calculated based on formulas from the narrow-band model. Compared with the previously developed fast narrow-band model, FASTNB, which is an order of magnitude faster and gives almost exactly the same result as Grosshandler's original narrow-band model RADCAL, this approximation method provides calculation result with small deviation at substantially faster speed. Furthermore, the speed-up ratio increases linearly with the number of discretized spatial elements along a line of sight. This makes this approximation method particularly useful in computational combustion, where the grid number used in computation is steadily becoming larger and larger as the computation goes toward large eddy simulation (LES) and direct numerical simulation (DNS).
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| 25. |
- Yuan, Jinliang, et al.
(author)
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Three-dimensional analysis of two-phase flow and its effects on the cell performance of PEMFC
- 2004
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In: Numerical Heat Transfer Part A: Applications. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1040-7782 .- 1521-0634. ; 46:7, s. 669-694
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For a cathode duct of a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell, a three-dimensional analysis method is further developed to include two-phase, multicomponent gas and heat transport processes. A set of momentum, heat transport, and gas species equations is solved for the whole duct by coupled source terms and variable thermophysical properties. The effects of the electrochemical reactions on the heat generation and mass consumption/generation are taken into account. The effects of liquid water on the local current density and cell performance are discussed by incorporating the Tafel formula and a liquid-phase saturation function. The numerical predictions are compared with experimental results, and good agreement is demonstrated between the present results and the measured ones in terms of polarization curve.
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