| 1. |
- Bååth, Lars, 1948-
(författare)
-
Noise Spectra from Wind Turbines
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Renewable energy. - Oxford : Pergamon Press. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 57, s. 512-519
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents observations of audio noise in frequency range 20e20 000 Hz from wind turbines. The observations were performed around the theoretically calculated 40 dBA noise perimeter around the wind turbine farm at Oxhult, Sweden. This paper describes a newly designed and constructed a field qualified data acquisition system to measure spectra and total noise level of sound from wind turbines. The system has been calibrated at SP Borås. It is shown that it has a flat frequency response and is linear with amplitude and time.The total noise level (as integrated 20e20 000 Hz) is shown to be below 35 dBA (below the reference background noise at 36 dBA) at a 10 m altitude wind speed of 4e5 m/s. The measurements were made along the theoretical 40 dBA border at 8 m/s.It is concluded that the theoretical 40 dBA border seems reasonable calculated if the manufacturer specifications are used to extrapolate the sound level to correspond to 8 m/s at 10 m. Our data indicate that a simple sound propagation model is sufficient since the sound level is more affected by the nearby environment than the large scale forest structure. Also, the large scale forestry structure is bound to change with time and the error bars of measurements on total sound level are about 1 dBA, which is larger than any fine tuning with a more sophisticated model. More care should be taken to model the reflections from walls and other obstacles close to the microphones.The distribution of the spectral noise level around the turbine farm suggests that the noise originates from individual wind turbines closest to the measurement location rather than from the wind turbine farm as a whole. The spectra show narrow band spectral line features which do not contribute signifi-cantly to the total noise at this level. The narrow band features are only detectable at very long inte-gration time and at 1 Hz spectral resolution. The spectral features are typical to originate from mechanical noise.The spectral acquisition method described in this paper can be used as a field qualified system for sound measurements in forest areas. The high spectral resolution is a viable remote diagnostic method for mechanical faults in the turbine machinery. Future work will concentrate on these two areas.
|
|
| 2. |
- Lindqvist, Kent, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of inter-organizational traffic injury prevention in a WHO safe community
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 33:5, s. 599-607
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the study was to examine the effect of a community-based injury prevention program on traffic injuries. A population-based quasi-experimental design was used with pre- and post-implementation measurements in an intervention and a control area. The program was based on inter-organizational participation in detecting and taking action against traffic injuries. The total relative risk for traffic injury in the study area showed only a tendency to decrease following program exposure (odds ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.81-1.02). No change in relative risk was observed in the control area. The analyses of program impact on injury severity showed that the relative risk for moderate injuries in the study area was reduced by almost half (odds ratio 0.59, 95% confidence interval 0.49-0.69), the risk for severe or fatal injuries remained constant (odds ratio 1.27, 95% confidence interval 0.80-2.02), and the risk for minor injuries increased (odds ratio 1.34, 95% confidence interval 1.13-1.59). The relative risk for moderate injuries was reduced by at least half for mopedists, cyclists, pedestrians, and those leaving or entering a motor vehicle. Community-based injury prevention can be a complement to national traffic safety programs. ⌐ 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Needham, Paul, 1948-
(författare)
-
Hydrogen Bonding : Homing in on a Tricky Chemical Concept
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Studies in history and philosophy of science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-3681 .- 1879-2510. ; 44:1, s. 51-66
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The history of the hydrogen bond provides a good example of the of an important chemical concept. It illustrates the interplay between empirical and theoretical approaches to the problem of delimiting what has proved to be quite an elusive notion, with chemists whittling away at the particular sorts of case with a view to obtaining a precise, unitary concept. Even though there is a return to a more theoretically inspired notion in more recent research, empirical characterisations remain a feature of the report of a Task Group recently set up by the IUPAC to reconsider the definition of the hydrogen bond, and this situation-by no means unusual for chemical concepts and principles-is unlikely to change in the foreseeable future. These developments are reviewed in this paper, which includes an extended discussion of the enormous significance hydrogen bonding has for the philosopher's standard example of a "natural kind", water. There is little to suggest a reduction to what philosophers of physics are pleased to call fundamental principles, and the details raise further questions about what essentialists could possibly have in mind when talking about the microscopic essence of water.
|
|
| 6. |
- Needham, Paul, 1948-
(författare)
-
Nagel’s Analysis of Reduction : Comments in Defence as Well as Critique
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Studies in history and philosophy of modern physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1355-2198 .- 1879-2502. ; 41:2, s. 163-170
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite all the criticism showered on Nagel's classic account of reduction, it meets a fundamental desideratum in an analysis of reduction that is difficult to question, namely of providing for a proper identification of the reducing theory. This is not clearly accommodated in radically different accounts. However, the same feature leads me to question Nagel's claim that the reducing theory can be separated from the putative bridge laws, and thus to question his notion of heterogeneous reduction. A further corollary to the requirement that all the necessary conditions be incorporated in an adequate formulation of the putative reducing theory is that the standard example of gas temperature is not reducible to average molecular kinetic energy. As originally conceived, Nagel's conception of reduction takes no account of approximate reasoning and this failure has certainly restricted its applicability, perhaps to the point of making it unrealistic as a model of reduction in science. I suggest approximation can be accommodated by weakening the original requirement of deduction without jeopardizing the fundamental desideratum. Finally, I turn to briefly consider the idea sometimes raised of the ontological reducibility of chemistry.
|
|
| 7. |
- Needham, Paul, 1948-
(författare)
-
The Source of Chemical Bonding
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Studies in history and philosophy of science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-3681 .- 1879-2510. ; 45, s. 1-13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developments in the application of quantum mechanics to the understanding of the chemical bond are traced with a view to examining the evolving conception of the covalent bond. Beginning with the first quantum mechanical resolution of the apparent paradox in Lewis's conception of a shared electron pair bond by Heitler and London, the ensuing account takes up the challenge molecular orbital theory seemed to pose to the classical conception of the bond. We will see that the threat of delocalisation can be overstated, although it is questionable whether this should be seen as reinstating the issue of the existence of the chemical bond. More salient are some recent developments in a longstanding discussion of how to understand the causal aspects of the bonding interaction the nature of the force involved in the covalent link which are taken up in the latter part of the paper.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Oliw, E, 1948-
(författare)
-
Polyunsaturated C-18 fatty acids derivatized with Gly and Ile as an additional tool for studies of the catalytic evolution of fungal 8-and 9-dioxygenases
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 1388-1981 .- 1879-2618. ; 1863:11, s. 1378-1387
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fungal linoleate diol synthase (LDS) family contains over twenty characterized 8-, 9-, and 10-dioxygenases (DOX), usually fused to catalytically competent cytochromes P450. Crystal structures are not available, but indirect evidence suggests that linoleic acid enters the active site of 8R-DOX-LDS headfirst and enters 9S-DOX-allene oxide synthase (AOS) with the omega-end (tail) first. Fatty acids derivatized with amino acids can conceivably be used to study oxidation in tail first position by enzymes, which bind natural fatty acids headfirst. The results might reveal catalytic similarities of homologous enzymes. 8R-DOX-5,8-LDS oxidize 18:2n-6-Ile and 18:2n-6-Gly in tail first position to 9S-hydroperoxy metabolites, albeit with less position and stereo specificity than 9S-DOX-AOS. The oxygenation mechanism of 9S-DOX-AOS with antarafacial hydrogen abstraction at C-11 and oxygen insertion at C-9 was also retained. Two homologues, 8R-DOX-7,8-LDS and 8R-DOX-AOS, oxidized 18:2n-6-Ile and 18:2n-6-Gly at C-9, suggesting a conserved feature of 8R-DOX domains. 9R-DOX-AOS, with 54% sequence identity to 9S-DOX-AOS, did not oxidize the derivatized C-18 fatty acids. 9Z,12Z-16:2, two carbon shorter than 18:n-6 from the omega-end, was rapidly metabolized to an alpha-ketol, but 7Z,10Z-16:2 was not a substrate. An unsaturated carbon chain from C-1 to C-8 was apparently more important than the configuration at the omega-end. 8R-DOX-LDS and 9R-DOX-AOS may thus bind 18:2n-6 in the same orientation. The oxidation of 18:2n-6 in straight or reverse head-to-tail positions illustrates evolutionary traits between 8- and 9-DOX domains. Fatty acids derivatized with amino acids provide a complementary tool for the analysis of evolution of enzymes.
|
|
| 10. |
- Rahm, Lars, 1948-
(författare)
-
On the thermal adjustment of an almost-enclosed fluid region with through-flow
- 1986
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0017-9310 .- 1879-2189. ; 29:10, s. 1479-1485
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dynamics of a heat-up process in a horizontally enclosed fluid region, with an imposed through-flow and subject to weak thermal forcing, is investigated. Based on a boundary layer approach, a simple one-dimensional model for the interior fluid region is derived. The predicted response of the temperature field agrees well with numerical solutions of the corresponding undegenerate one-dimensional problem. The analytical results are in reasonably close agreement with numerical results presented in a companion paper by Hyun and Hyun (Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 29, 1487–1493 (1986)).
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Gustafsson, Stig-Inge, 1948-
(författare)
-
Energy usage and conservation in surfacing lines
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Energy Conversion and Management. - 0196-8904 .- 1879-2227. ; 41:15, s. 1649-1669
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper deals with energy usage and conservation for a surfacing line in a carpentry factory. In this line, wood panels are coated with paint in a highly automated fashion. The products vary in shapes and the way they shall be coated, and therefore, a number of machines are present in the line which is about 100 m long. Sanding machines, roller coaters, dryers etc. are installed, and all machinery uses electricity for their operation. There are, however, other equipments coupled to the line. One example is the wood dust transportation system, and another is the steam system used for heating purposes. By use of a number of electricity meters, monitoring ventilation flow rates etc., it has been possible to analyze how much energy is used in the surfacing line and also to propose measures to reduce this amount.
|
|
| 13. |
- Gustafsson, Stig-Inge, 1948-
(författare)
-
Energy Usage in Surfacing Lines
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Energy Conversion and Management. - 0196-8904 .- 1879-2227. ; 41:5, s. 1649-1669
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
|
|
| 14. |
- Oliw, Ernst H., 1948-, et al.
(författare)
-
Manganese lipoxygenase oxidizes bis-allylic hydroperoxides and octadecenoic acids by different mechanisms
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids. - : Elsevier BV. - 1388-1981 .- 1879-2618. ; 1811:3, s. 138-147
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manganese lipoxygenase (MnLOX) oxidizes (11R)-hydroperoxylinolenic acid (11R-HpOTrE) to a peroxyl radical. Our aim was to compare the enzymatic oxidation of 11R-HpOTrE and octadecenoic acids with LOO-H and allylic C-H bond dissociation enthalpies of ~88 and ~87kcal/mol. Mn(III)LOX oxidized (11Z)-, (12Z)-, and (13Z)-18:1 to hydroperoxides with R configuration, but this occurred at insignificant rates (<1%) compared to 11R-HpOTrE. We next examined whether transitional metals could mimic this oxidation. Ce(4+) and Mn(3+) transformed 11R-HpOTrE to hydroperoxides at C-9 and C-13 via oxidation to a peroxyl radical at C-11, whereas Fe(3+) was a poor catalyst. Our results suggest that MnLOX oxidizes bis-allylic hydroperoxides to peroxyl radicals in analogy with Ce(4+) and Mn(3+). The enzymatic oxidation likely occurs by proton-coupled electron transfer of the electron from the hydroperoxide anion to Mn(III) and H(+) to the catalytic base, Mn(III)OH(-). Hydroperoxides abolish the kinetic lag times of MnLOX and FeLOX by oxidation of their metal centers, but 11R-HpOTrE was isomerized by MnLOX to (13R)-hydroperoxy-(9Z,11E,15Z)-octadecatrienoic acid (13R-HpOTrE) with a kinetic lag time. This lag time could be explained by two competing transformations, dehydration of 11R-HpOTrE to 11-ketolinolenic acid and oxidation of 11R-HpOTrE to peroxyl radical; the reaction rate then increases as 13R-HpOTrE oxidizes MnLOX with subsequent formation of two epoxyalcohols. We conclude that oxidation of octadecenoic acids and bis-allylic hydroperoxides occurs by different mechanisms, which likely reflect the nature of the hydrogen bonds, steric factors, and the redox potential of the Mn(III) center.
|
|
| 15. |
- Alexanderson, Camilla, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
A single early postnatal estradiol injection affects morphology and gene expression of the ovary and parametrial adipose tissue in adult female rats.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1220 .- 0960-0760. ; 122:1-3, s. 82-90
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Events during early life can affect reproductive and metabolic functions in adulthood. We evaluated the programming effects of a single early postnatal estradiol injection (within 3h after birth) in female rats. We assessed ovarian and parametrial adipose tissue morphology, evaluated gene expression related to follicular development and adipose tissue metabolism, and developed a non-invasive volumetric estimation of parametrial adipose tissue by magnetic resonance imaging. Estradiol reduced ovarian weight, increased antral follicle size and number of atretic antral follicles, and decreased theca interna thickness in atretic antral follicles. Adult estradiol-injected rats also had malformed vaginal openings and lacked corpora lutea, confirming anovulation. Estradiol markedly reduced parametrial adipose tissue mass. Adipocyte size was unchanged, suggesting reduced adipocyte number. Parametrial adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity was increased. In ovaries, estradiol increased mRNA expression of adiponectin, complement component 3, estrogen receptor alpha, and glucose transporter 3 and 4; in parametrial adipose tissue, expression of complement component 3 was increased, expression of estrogen receptor alpha was decreased, and expression of leptin, lipoprotein lipase, and hormone-sensitive lipase was unaffected. These findings suggest that early postnatal estradiol exposure of female rats result in long-lasting effects on the ovary and parametrial adipose tissue at adult age.
|
|
| 16. |
- Algesten, Grete, et al.
(författare)
-
Organic carbon budget for the Gulf of Bothnia
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of Marine Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-7963 .- 1879-1573. ; 63:3-4, s. 155-161
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We calculated input of organic carbon to the unproductive, brackish water basin of the Gulf of Bothnia from rivers, point sources and the atmosphere. We also calculated the net exchange of organic carbon between the Gulf of Bothnia and the adjacent marine system, the Baltic Proper. We compared the input with sinks for organic carbon; permanent incorporation in sediments and mineralization and subsequent evasion of CO2 to the atmosphere. The major fluxes were riverine input (1500 Gg C year(-1)), exchange with the Baltic Proper (depending on which of several possible DOC concentration differences between the basins that was used in the calculation, the flux varied between an outflow of 466 and an input of 950 Gg C year(-1)), sediment burial (1100 Gg C year) and evasion to the atmosphere (3610 Gg C year(-1)). The largest single net flux was the emission of CO2 to the atmosphere, mainly caused by bacterial mineralization of organic carbon. Input and output did not match in our budget which we ascribe uncertainties in the calculation of the exchange of organic carbon between the Gulf of Bothnia and the Baltic Proper, and the fact that CO2 emission, which in our calculation represented 1 year (2002) may have been overestimated in comparison with long-term means. We conclude that net heterotrophy of the Gulf of Bothnia was due to input of organic carbon from both the catchment and from the Baltic Proper and that the future degree of net heterotrophy will be sensible to both catchment export of organic carbon and to the ongoing eutrophication of the Baltic Proper.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Atashipour, Rasoul, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
On buckling of layered composite heavy columns—Effect of interlayer bonding imperfection
- 2023
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Solids and Structures. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-7683 .- 1879-2146. ; 260-261
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Buckling loads of partial composite columns under distributed axial loads is investigated in this paper for the first time. The interlayer interaction corresponding to the level of interfacial bonding imperfection in the layered heavy composite columns is formulated in the model by a shear slip/stiffness modulus. Governing differential equations and boundary equations are derived and represented in a general dimensionless form. A semi-analytical solution is applied to the governing buckling equations of the presented model using power-series technique to extract critical loads of partial composite columns. Five different classical end types are considered namely clamped–clamped (C-C), clamped-pinned (C-P), clamped-sliding (C-S), clamped-free (C-F) and pinned–pinned (P-P). Also, for two extreme cases of non-composite/zero-interaction and full-composite/perfectly-bonded layered columns, exact closed-form characteristic buckling equations are introduced. A convergence study is conducted to ensure stability of the applied power-series solution. It is demonstrated that the obtained buckling loads for partial composite columns with different end conditions approach those obtained from the exact closed-from solution for the full-composite extreme case when the interfacial shear modulus approaches infinity. Effect of imperfect bonding between the column layers and slip on critical buckling loads is investigated. It is shown that a more realistic model based on the partial composite interaction hypothesis predicts critical loads that are less than those based on idealized composite columns with perfect interfacial bonding.
|
|
| 19. |
- Bidgoli, Hassan Haghparast, et al.
(författare)
-
Pre-hospital trauma care resources for road traffic injuries in a middle-income country-A province based study on need and access in Iran.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Injury. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-1383 .- 1879-0267. ; 42:9, s. 879-884
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Access to pre-hospital trauma care can help minimize many of traffic related mortality and morbidity in low- and middle-income countries with high rate of traffic deaths such as Iran. The aim of this study was to assess if the distribution of pre-hospital trauma care facilities reflect the burden of road traffic injury and mortality in different provinces in Iran. METHODS: This national cross-sectional study is based on ecological data on road traffic mortality (RTM), road traffic injuries (RTIs) and pre-hospital trauma facilities for all 30 provinces in Iran in 2006. Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients were used to describe the distributions of RTM/RTIs and pre-hospital trauma care facilities across provinces. Spearman rank-order correlation was performed to assess the relationship between RTM/RTI and pre-hospital trauma care facilities. RESULTS: RTM and RTIs as well as pre-hospital trauma care facilities were distributed unequally between different provinces. There was no significant association between the rate of RTM and RTIs and the number of pre-hospital trauma care facilities across the country. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of pre-hospital trauma care facilities does not reflect the needs in terms of RTM and RTIs for different provinces. These results suggest that traffic related mortality and morbidity could be reduced if the needs in terms of RTM and RTIs were taken into consideration when distributing pre-hospital trauma care facilities between the provinces.
|
|
| 20. |
- Boman, K K, et al.
(författare)
-
Health and persistent functional late effects in adult survivors of childhood CNS tumours: a population-based cohort study.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0852 .- 0959-8049. ; 45:14, s. 2552-61
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Survivors of central nervous system (CNS) tumours are particularly vulnerable to tumour- and treatment-related disability. We present the incidence of specific and overall functional and health-related late effects in a national adult survivor cohort. Diagnostic subgroups at particular risk for persistent sequels are identified. Data collection targeted 708 eligible >18 years old survivors, 708 parent proxies and 1000 general population controls. Functional disability including sensory and cognitive impairment, emotional status and pain was assessed using the Health Utilities Index Mark 2/3 (HUI2/3). Survivors and controls, and diagnostic subgroups were contrasted to identify the general and relative risk for late effects by sub-diagnosis. Survivors had persistent late effects in sensation, mobility, self-care and cognition. Deficits in these domains indicated clinically important disability in overall health, although indices of emotion and pain were unaffected compared to controls. Late effects tended to aggravate with time, and female survivors had poorer health. Oligodendroglioma, mixed/unspecified glioma, intracranial germ cell tumour and medulloblastoma survivors had poorest overall health. Least late effects were found for other specified/unspecified CNS tumours (including meningeoma and nerve sheath tumours), and for astrocytoma. An impact on educational, vocational and family-related outcomes, and higher utilisation of social insurance or government subsidies validated health-related sequelae in adulthood. Comparisons with controls confirm persistent disability in multiple functional domains in adult CNS tumour survivors. The heightened proportion of survivors presenting severe disability is a factor that specifically differentiates survivors from controls, although diagnostic subgroups differ significantly regarding the amount and severity of late effects.
|
|
| 21. |
- Brown, A. Kyle, et al.
(författare)
-
Lacto-N-fucopentaose-III ameliorates acute and persisting hippocampal synaptic plasticity and transmission deficits in a Gulf War Illness mouse model
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Life Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 0024-3205 .- 1879-0631. ; 279
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The present study investigated if treatment with the immunotherapeutic, lacto-N-fucopentaose-III (LNFPIII), resulted in amelioration of acute and persisting deficits in synaptic plasticity and transmission as well as trophic factor expression along the hippocampal dorsoventral axis in a mouse model of Gulf War Illness (GWI).Main methods: Mice received either coadministered or delayed LNFPIII treatment throughout or following, respectively, exposure to a 15-day GWI induction paradigm. Subsets of animals were subsequently sacrificed 48 h, seven months, or 11 months post GWI-related (GWIR) exposure for hippocampal qPCR or in vitro electrophysiology experiments.Key findings: Progressively worsened impairments in hippocampal synaptic plasticity, as well as a biphasic effect on hippocampal synaptic transmission, were detected in GWIR-exposed animals. Dorsoventral-specific impairments in hippocampal synaptic responses became more pronounced over time, particularly in the dorsal hippocampus. Notably, delayed LNFPIII treatment ameliorated GWI-related aberrations in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and transmission seven and 11 months post-exposure, an effect that was consistent with enhanced hippocampal trophic factor expression and absence of increased interleukin 6 (IL-6) in animals treated with LNFPIII.Significance: Approximately a third of Gulf War Veterans have GWI; however, GWI therapeutics are presently limited to targeted and symptomatic treatments. As increasing evidence underscores the substantial role of persisting neuroimmune dysfunction in GWI, efficacious neuroactive immunotherapeutics hold substantial promise in yielding GWI remission. The findings in the present report indicate that LNFPIII may be an efficacious candidate for ameliorating persisting neurological abnormalities presented in GWI.
|
|
| 22. |
- Câmara-Costa, Hugo, et al.
(författare)
-
Neuropsychological Outcome of Children Treated for Standard Risk Medulloblastoma in the PNET4 European Randomized Controlled Trial of Hyperfractionated Versus Standard Radiation Therapy and Maintenance Chemotherapy.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-355X .- 0360-3016. ; 92:5, s. 978-85
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the European HIT-SIOP PNET4 randomized controlled trial, children with standard risk medulloblastoma were allocated to hyperfractionated radiation therapy (HFRT arm, including a partially focused boost) or standard radiation therapy (STRT arm), followed, in both arms, by maintenance chemotherapy. Event-free survival was similar in both arms. Previous work showed that the HFRT arm was associated with worse growth and better questionnaire-based executive function, especially in children <8years of age at diagnosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare performance-based cognitive outcomes between treatment arms.
|
|
| 23. |
- Dahllöf, Ingela, 1963, et al.
(författare)
-
The Effect of TBT on the Structure of a Marine Sediment Community - a Boxcosm Study
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 42:8, s. 689-695
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of tri-n-butyl tin (TBT) on an intact marine sediment community after five months exposure was investigated. Changes in the structure of macro- and meiofauna communities were determined, as well as the functional diversity of the microbial community using BIOLOG microplates for Gram negative bacteria. Development of tolerance in the microbial community was investigated using Pollution Induced Community Tolerance (PICT) experiments with fluxes of nutrients as effect indicators. TBT affected the structure and recruitment of the macro- and meiofauna at nominal additions of 30137 mol TBT/m2 sediment. Number of species, diversity, biomass and community similarity was reduced at these concentrations compared to control. Species that molt seemed to be the most tolerant since they were predominant in boxes that had received the highest TBT addition and echinoderms were the most sensitive species. Renewed addition of TBT in PICT experiments with sediment from each boxcosm showed that TBT had an effect on individual nutrient fluxes from all sediments. Analyses of the flux patterns revealed a memory of previous TBT exposure, either due to induced tolerance or other community conditioning.
|
|
| 24. |
- Dapi Nzefa, Léonie, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Socioeconomic and gender differences in adolescents' nutritional status in urban Cameroon, Africa.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Nutrition Research. - New York : Elsevier. - 0271-5317 .- 1879-0739. ; 29:5, s. 313-319
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to assess adolescents' nutritional status according to socioeconomic status (SES) and sex using anthropometry in urban Cameroon, Africa. Adolescent boys (n = 248) and girls (n = 333) 12 to 16 years old were recruited from randomly selected schools in a cross sectional study in Yaoundé city and grouped according to SES. Weight, height, skinfold thickness, and circumferences were measured, and body mass index, waist/hip ratio, arm muscle, and arm fat areas were calculated. Stunting, underweight, and overweight were determined using international cutoff points. Adolescents with medium and high SES were less likely to be stunted than adolescents with low SES (odds ratio [OR], 0.40; P < .01). Prevalences of stunting (12%, 6%, and 5%) and underweight (3%, 4%, and 1%) were higher among the adolescents with low and medium SES than those with high SES. Overweight prevalence was high among the adolescents with low (8%), medium (11%), and high (9%) SES. The OR for overweight was higher among girls than boys (OR, 4.13; P < .001). Girls were less likely to be stunted and underweight than boys (OR, 0.29 [P < .001] and OR, 0.20 [P < .01], respectively). Prevalences of stunting (15% and 6%) and underweight (5% and 2%) were higher among boys than girls. Pubescent adolescents were less likely to be stunted than nonpubescent (OR, 0.53; P < .05). Adolescents with low and medium SES were more underweight and stunted than adolescents with high SES. Girls were more overweight, less stunted, and underweight than boys.
|
|
| 25. |
- Ekberg, Christian, 1967, et al.
(författare)
-
Using At-211 as internal alpha radiolysis source allowing for simple detection of radiolysis products
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Radiation Physics and Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0895 .- 0969-806X. ; 79:4, s. 454-456
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The determination of radiolysis products is an important field both for the basic understanding of the radiolysis process and for process development. The latter case mainly dealing with processes for handling radioactive wastes. There are several kinds of radiolysis processes that originate from the different kinds of radiation. Gamma rays and high-energy beta has a high ability to penetrate barriers while alpha irradiation in principle has to be performed with the radiation emitting nuclide inside the actual sample. This can be a problem since most laboratories able to identify radiolysis products cannot handle alpha contaminated samples. In this paper we suggest the use of At-211 as internal alpha emitting radionuclide. Due to its short half-life and decay to more or less stable daughters the radiolysis products may be examined using normal equipment without causing contamination.
|
|
