| 1. |
- Hadi Jafari, Pantea, et al.
(author)
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Effect of process parameters on the performance of an air-blown entrained flow cyclone gasifier
- 2020
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In: International Journal of Sustainable Energy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1478-6451 .- 1478-646X. ; 39:1, s. 21-40
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Entrained flow gasification of biomass in a cyclone reactor combined by a gas engine has been applied in Nordic countries as one of the preferred methods for generating combined heat and power in small scales. The purpose of the current study was to optimise the gasification plant efficiency and understanding the influence of operating conditions. The experiments were carried out in a 2.4 MW(th) commercial gasification power plant. The gasifier was operated in optimum at a rather low lambda around 0.27 and a temperature of 950°C. The lower heating value of the clean product gas at this lambda was 5.95 MJ/Nm3. The experimental results also were compared with the predicted values from thermodynamic equilibrium calculations by Factsage 7.0. The performance of five different types of biofuels including torrefied spruce, peat, rice husk, bark and stemwood were assessed and compared with each other using thermodynamic equilibrium and available experimental data.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Lawa, F., et al.
(author)
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Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the NW segment of the Zagros fold-thrust belt, Kurdistan, NE Iraq
- 2013
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In: Journal of Petroleum Geology. - : Wiley. - 0141-6421 .- 1747-5457. ; 36:1, s. 75-96
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Kurdistan (NW) segment of the Zagros fold-thrust belt, located in the Kurdistan Region of NE Iraq, forms the external part of the Zagros orogen and is bounded by the Zagros suture to the NE. To the SW is the Arabian Plate into which the deformation front has migrated progressively, beginning in the Late Cretaceous and culminating in the Tertiary. Regional compression resulted in obduction of the Mawat ophiolites and emplacement of the Avroman and Qulqula nappes onto the continental margin, and the formation of the Kurdistan foreland basin. In this paper, structural, stratigraphic and palaeontological data together with new field observations are used to investigate the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of this basin, and to study the propagation of the deformation front from the Zagros Imbricate Zone in the NE towards the Mesopotamian foredeep in the SW. Six unconformities within the Kurdistan foreland basin succession are recognized: Turonian (base-AP9; 92 Ma); Danian (base-AP10; 65 Ma); Paleocene–Eocene (intra-AP10; 55 Ma); late Eocene (top-AP10; 34 Ma); middle-upper Miocene (a local unconformity; intra-AP11; 12 Ma); and Pleistocene. These unconformities can be divided into two groups; obduction-related (Turonian, Danian, and Paleocene-Eocene); and collision-related (late Eocene, middle-upper Miocene, and Pleistocene).The geographical position of the unconformities is used to determine the rate of propagation of the deformation front, which is estimated at ca. 3 mm/yr. This is in agreement with previous studies which suggested a NW-ward decrease in the propagation rate. The rate was most rapid (2.95 mm/yr) in the Low Zagros Fold-Thrust Zone and slower (2.06 mm/yr) in the High Zagros Fold-Thrust Zone. The more rapid propagation rate in the former area may be attributed to the presence there of the Miocene Lower Fars Formation which acted as a shallow décollement surface.Within the Zagros fold-thrust belt, the intensity of deformation decreases towards the foreland (SW). Deformation in the High Zagros Fold-Thrust Zone is characterized by thrust imbricates and high amplitude fault-propagation folds at the surface separated by narrow synclines. However, the Low Zagros Fold-Thrust Zone (Simply Folded Belt) is characterised by detachments and low amplitude fault propagation folds separated by broad synclines. In the foredeep area, folds are confined to the subsurface. Deeply buried Jurassic units, together with Upper Cretaceous – Paleocene siliciclastics, and the evaporite-dominated Lower Fars Formation may have acted as décollement surfaces in the NW segment of the Zagros fold-thrust belt, and controlled the structural geometry and evolution of the area.
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| 5. |
- Naarding, Marloes A, et al.
(author)
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Bile salt-stimulated lipase from human milk binds DC-SIGN and inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transfer to CD4+ T cells.
- 2006
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In: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. - 0066-4804. ; 50:10, s. 3367-74
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A wide range of pathogens, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), hepatitis C virus, Ebola virus, cytomegalovirus, dengue virus, Mycobacterium, Leishmania, and Helicobacter pylori, can interact with dendritic cell (DC)-specific ICAM3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), expressed on DCs and a subset of B cells. More specifically, the interaction of the gp120 envelope protein of HIV-1 with DC-SIGN can facilitate the transfer of virus to CD4+ T lymphocytes in trans and enhance infection. We have previously demonstrated that a multimeric LeX component in human milk binds to DC-SIGN, preventing HIV-1 from interacting with this receptor. Biochemical analysis reveals that the compound is heat resistant, trypsin sensitive, and larger than 100 kDa, indicating a specific glycoprotein as the inhibitory compound. By testing human milk from three different mothers, we found the levels of DC-SIGN binding and viral inhibition to vary between samples. Using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western blotting, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization analysis, we identified bile salt-stimulated lipase (BSSL), a Lewis X (LeX)-containing glycoprotein found in human milk, to be the major variant protein between the samples. BSSL isolated from human milk bound to DC-SIGN and inhibited the transfer of HIV-1 to CD4+ T lymphocytes. Two BSSL isoforms isolated from the same human milk sample showed differences in DC-SIGN binding, illustrating that alterations in the BSSL forms explain the differences observed. These results indicate that variations in BSSL lead to alterations in LeX expression by the protein, which subsequently alters the DC-SIGN binding capacity and the inhibitory effect on HIV-1 transfer. Identifying the specific molecular interaction between the different forms may aid in the future design of antimicrobial agents.
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| 6. |
- Aapro, M, et al.
(author)
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Guidance on the use of bisphosphonates in solid tumours: recommendations of an international expert panel
- 2008
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In: Annals of Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-8041 .- 0923-7534. ; 19:3, s. 420-432
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bisphosphonates (BP) prevent, reduce, and delay cancer-related skeletal complications in patients, and have substantially decreased the prevalence of such events since their introduction. Today, a broad range of BP with differences in potency, efficacy, dosing, and administration as well as approved indications is available. In addition, results of clinical trials investigating the efficacy of BP in cancer treatment-induced bone loss (CTIBL) have been recently published. The purpose of this paper is to review the current evidence on the use of BP in solid tumours and provide clinical recommendations. An interdisciplinary expert panel of clinical oncologists and of specialists in metabolic bone diseases assessed the widespread evidence and information on the efficacy of BP in the metastatic and nonmetastatic setting, as well as ongoing research on the adjuvant use of BP. Based on available evidence, the panel recommends amino-bisphosphonates for patients with metastatic bone disease from breast cancer and zoledronic acid for patients with other solid tumours as primary disease. Dosing of BP should follow approved indications with adjustments if necessary. While i.v. administration is most often preferable, oral administration (clodronate, IBA) may be considered for breast cancer patients who cannot or do not need to attend regular hospital care. Early-stage cancer patients at risk of developing CTIBL should be considered for preventative BP treatment. The strongest evidence in this setting is now available for ZOL. Overall, BP are well-tolerated, and most common adverse events are influenza-like syndrome, arthralgia, and when used orally, gastrointestinal symptoms. The dose of BP may need to be adapted to renal function and initial creatinine clearance calculation is mandatory according to the panel for use of any BP. Subsequent monitoring is recommended for ZOL and PAM, as described by the regulatory authority guidelines. Patients scheduled to receive BP (mainly every 3-4 weeks i.v.) should have a dental examination and be advised on appropriate measures for reducing the risk of jaw osteonecrosis. BP are well established as supportive therapy to reduce the frequency and severity of skeletal complications in patients with bone metastases from different cancers.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Begnini, Fabio, et al.
(author)
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Importance of Binding Site Hydration and Flexibility Revealed When Optimizing a Macrocyclic Inhibitor of the Keap1-Nrf2 Protein-Protein Interaction
- 2022
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In: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 65:4, s. 3473-3517
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Upregulation of the transcription factor Nrf2 by inhibition of the interaction with its negative regulator Keap1 constitutes an opportunity for the treatment of disease caused by oxidative stress. We report a structurally unique series of nanomolar Keap1 inhibitors obtained from a natural product-derived macrocyclic lead. Initial exploration of the structure-derived macrocyclic lead. Initial exploration of the structure-activity relationship of the lead, followed by structure-guided optimization, resulted in a 100-fold improvement in inhibitory potency. The macrocyclic core of the nanomolar inhibitors positions three pharmacophore units for productive interactions with key residues of Keap1, including R415, R483, and Y572. Ligand optimization resulted in the displacement of a coordinated water molecule from the Keap1 binding site and a significantly altered thermodynamic profile. In addition, minor reorganizations of R415 and R483 were accompanied by major differences in affinity between ligands. This study therefore indicates the importance of accounting both for the hydration and flexibility of the Keap1 binding site when designing high-affinity ligands.
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| 10. |
- Cardona, M., et al.
(author)
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Ellipsometric investigations of piezo-optical effects
- 1998
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In: Thin Solid Films. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 313-314, s. 10-17
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An introduction to the stress-induced birefringence of solids, with emphasis on cubic and amorphous materials, is given. Most available experimental data have been obtained in the frequency region below the electronic absorption edge: the corresponding coefficients of the stress-optical tensor are then real. Above the edge (and also in the IR region of the Reststrahlen) they become complex. Ellipsometry is an excellent tool for the investigation of complex stress-optical functions. It also yields the hydrostatic pressure induced changes in the dielectric functions. Data obtained recently for diamond and zincblende-type crystals and their theoretical interpretation are discussed.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Cardona, Marcelo, et al.
(author)
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Stress/depression across the COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark
- 2023
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In: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 23:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Global estimates suggest strained mental health during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, but the lack of nationally representative and longitudinal data with clinically validated measures limits knowledge longer into the pandemic.Methods Data from 10 rounds of nationally representative surveys from Denmark tracked trends in risk of stress/depression from just before the first lockdown and through to April 2022. We focused on age groups and men and women in different living arrangements and controlled for seasonality in mental health that could otherwise be spuriously related to pandemic intensity.Results Prior to first lockdown, we observed a “parent gap”, which closed with the first lockdown. Instead, a gender gap materialized, with women experiencing higher risks than men—and higher than levels predating first lockdown. Older respondents (+ 70 years) experienced increasing risks of stress/depression early in the pandemic, while all other groups experienced decreases. But longer into the pandemic, risks increased for all age groups and reached (and sometimes exceeded) levels from before first lockdown.Conclusion Denmark had low infection rates throughout most of the pandemic, low mortality rates across the entire pandemic, and offered financial aid packages to curb financial strains. Despite this circumstance, initial improvements to mental health during the first lockdown in Denmark were short-lived. Two years of pandemic societal restrictions correspond with deteriorating mental health, as well as a change from a parenthood gap in mental health before first lockdown to a gender gap two years into the pandemic.
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| 13. |
- Cardona, R., et al.
(author)
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High-spin structure of normal-deformed bands in 84Zr
- 2003
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In: Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813. ; 68, s. 1-024303
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The reaction 58Ni(32S, α2p) at E lab= 135 MeV was used to populate high-spin states in 84Zr. The complete GAMMASPHERE and MICROBALL arrays were used to obtain clean γ- γ- γ line shapes to be analyzed by the Doppler shift attenuation method and to determine 27 lifetimes in the ground-state band and in two excited bands. Side-feeding times were also measured by comparing the line shapes gated with transitions above and below the state under study. The deduced electric quadrupole moments for the ground-state band are consistent with a very slow reduction with frequency with values ranging between 2.4(3) and 2.0(1)e b. The negative-parity bands feature also an approximate constancy of quadrupole moment with values similar to those in the ground-state band. Cranking calculations agree with this behavior in both parity bands and suggest an interpretation of the upper states in the ground-state band as part of a very slowly terminating band. Shell-dependent cranked Nilsson calculations explain a fourth γ cascade as pertaining to a noncollective structure terminating at I = 20+.
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| 14. |
- Cardona, V., et al.
(author)
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Current practice of allergy diagnosis and the potential impact of regulation in Europe
- 2018
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In: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : WILEY. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 73:2, s. 323-327
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the European Union (EU), the regulatory framework regarding diagnostic allergen extracts is currently in the process of being implemented at the national level. Due to these regulations, the initial and periodic renewal expenses for the registration of diagnostic allergen extracts may render extract production unprofitable. Consequently, many extracts may be at risk of removal from the market. The current survey, which was conducted by a task force of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, aimed to assess the current practice of allergy diagnosis in Europe. This survey revealed that skin tests continue to be the main diagnostic procedure and are used as the first option in almost two-third of all types of allergic diseases and in 90% of individuals suffering from respiratory allergies. Therefore, there is a need to ensure the availability of high-quality allergen extracts to maintain the common diagnostic procedures used by EU professionals. To reach this goal, it is necessary to align efforts and establish active partnerships between manufacturers, relevant scientific societies, consumer organizations and authorities to maintain the availability of these diagnostic tools.
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| 15. |
- Cardone-Noott, Louie, et al.
(author)
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A Computational Investigation into the Effect of Infarction on Clinical Human Electrophysiology Biomarkers
- 2014
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In: Proceedings of the 41st Computing in Cardiology Conference, CinC 2014, Cambridge, United States, 7-10 September 2014. - 2325-8861. ; 41, s. 673-676
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The electrocardiogram (ECG) is often used to diag-nose myocardial infarction, but sensitivity and specificityare low. Here we present a computational framework forsolving the bidomain equations over an image-based hu-man geometry and simulating the 12 lead ECG. First, wedemonstrate this approach by evaluating a population ofeight models with varying distributions of local action po-tential duration, and report that only the model with apico-basal and inter-ventricular heterogeneities produces con-cordant T waves. Second, we simulate the effects of anold anterior infarct, which causes a reduction in T waveamplitude and width. Our methodology can contribute tothe understanding of ECG alterations under challengingconditions for clinical diagnosis.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Grguraš, Damir, et al.
(author)
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A novel cryogenic machining concept based on a lubricated liquid carbon dioxide
- 2019
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In: International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture. - : Elsevier BV. - 0890-6955. ; 145
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A novel single-channel supply of pre-mixed (a) liquid carbon dioxide (LCO2) and (b) oil – delivered via minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) – represents a significant advancement in cryogenic-machining technology. In this proof-of-concept study, an attempt is made to advance the understanding of the oil solubility in LCO2 and to analyze the oil-droplets and their impact on machining performance. The results indicate that the physical and chemical properties of oil distinctively affect its solubility in LCO2. The achieved solubility further influences the achievable oil-droplet size and distribution and tool life.
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| 18. |
- Ludvigsson, Johnny
(author)
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The latest pharmacotherapy options for type 1 diabetes
- 2014
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In: Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1465-6566 .- 1744-7666. ; 15:1, s. 37-49
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Pharmacotherapy of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is mainly restricted to insulin treatment. Insulin analogues have replaced human insulin sometimes without reason. A broader approach is needed. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanAreas covered: Insulin and insulin analogues, but also other available hormone therapies and drugs, based on literature in PubMed are included in this study. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanExpert opinion: At diagnosis, T1D patients should, when resources allow, participate in clinical trials aiming at preservation of beta cell function, for example, with combination therapies involving auto-antigen/s. In very young children insulin pump is recommended, when enough resources for ALL patients; in older patients pump or multiple insulin therapy is recommended. Human insulin still has a place, with insulin analogues on special indications. Patients with pronounced insulin resistance might need Metformin, and Glitazones need more studies. Incretins, for example, GLP-1 may be of interest in patients with residual C-peptide. Amylin will probably be restricted to highly motivated patients. IGF-1 also requires more studies. C-peptide may be a hormone, probably part of future treatment. Glucosoxidase inhibitors might be considered in obese patients. Whether drugs increasing glucosuria will be of clinical value in T1D remains to be shown. In summary, insulin replacement is not enough for several patients. A broader pharmacotherapy is needed, at onset, and later when metabolic control needs improvement.
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| 19. |
- Papaioannou, Konstantinos Georgios, 1983-, et al.
(author)
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Healthy Diets Rich in Vegetables and Systemic Inflammation in Older Adults
- 2022
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In: Biology and Life Sciences Forum. - : MDPI. - 2673-9976. ; 12:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to explore links between dietary habits and biomarkers of systemic inflammation in older adults. In a sample of 233 community-dwelling older adults (65–70 years), dietary habits were assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire. Physical activity and sedentary time were assessed using accelerometry. Inflammatory biomarkers were assessed from blood samples. The results showed that intake of vegetables was inversely related to levels of systemic inflammation (p < 0.05), independently of physical activity level. The present study strengthens public health efforts to promote vegetable-rich diets in older adults to mitigate age-related systemic inflammation.
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| 20. |
- Papaioannou, Konstantinos-Georgios, 1983-, et al.
(author)
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Healthy eating is associated with sarcopenia risk in physically active older adults
- 2021
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In: Nutrients. - : MDPI. - 2072-6643. ; 13:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Healthy Diet and physical activity may play important roles in the maintenance of muscle health during aging. The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of adherence to healthy dietary patterns on sarcopenia risk in a sample of physically active older men and women, while considering adherence to guidelines on muscle strengthening activities (MSA) and protein intake. Based on a sample of 191 physically active men and women (65–70 years), dietary intake was assessed using a 90-items food-frequency-questionnaire (FFQ) and Healthy Diet Score (HDS) was calculated. Physical activity was assessed by accelerometry and self-report. A sarcopenia risk score (SRS) was derived based on three indicators of muscle health: muscle mass was assessed using bio-electrical impedance and handgrip strength and 5 times sit-to-stand (5-STS) were determined by standardized procedures. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to examine differences in SRS and its components across sex-specific tertiles of HDS, with adjustments for covariates including total energy intake, protein intake and MSA. A significant main effect (p < 0.05) of HDS on SRS was observed, where those belonging to the highest HDS tertile had lower SRS compared to those in the lowest tertile. A corresponding significant effect was observed for 5-STS performance, with better performance in those with the highest HDS adherence compared to those with the lowest. The present study supports guidelines emphasizing diet quality beyond amounts of macro-and micronutrients in the prevention of age-related deterioration of muscle health. Importantly, the benefits from healthy dietary patterns are evident in older adults who already adhere to guidelines for health-enhancing physical activity.
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| 21. |
- Papaioannou, NE, et al.
(author)
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Environmental signals rather than layered ontogeny imprint the function of type 2 conventional dendritic cells in young and adult mice
- 2021
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In: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1, s. 464-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Conventional dendritic cells (cDC) are key activators of naive T cells, and can be targeted in adults to induce adaptive immunity, but in early life are considered under-developed or functionally immature. Here we show that, in early life, when the immune system develops, cDC2 exhibit a dual hematopoietic origin and, like other myeloid and lymphoid cells, develop in waves. Developmentally distinct cDC2 in early life, despite being distinguishable by fate mapping, are transcriptionally and functionally similar. cDC2 in early and adult life, however, are exposed to distinct cytokine environments that shape their transcriptional profile and alter their ability to sense pathogens, secrete cytokines and polarize T cells. We further show that cDC2 in early life, despite being distinct from cDC2 in adult life, are functionally competent and can induce T cell responses. Our results thus highlight the potential of harnessing cDC2 for boosting immunity in early life.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Begnini, Fabio, et al.
(author)
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Mining Natural Products for Macrocycles to Drug Difficult Targets
- 2021
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In: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 64:2, s. 1054-1072
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lead generation for difficult-to-drug targets that have large, featureless, and highly lipophilic or highly polar and/or flexible binding sites is highly challenging. Here, we describe how cores of macrocyclic natural products can serve as a high-quality in silico screening library that provides leads for difficult-to-drug targets. Two iterative rounds of docking of a carefully selected set of natural-product-derived cores led to the discovery of an uncharged macrocyclic inhibitor of the Keap1-Nrf2 protein- protein interaction, a particularly challenging target due to its highly polar binding site. The inhibitor displays cellular efficacy and is well-positioned for further optimization based on the structure of its complex with Keapl and synthetic access. We believe that our work will spur interest in using macrocyclic cores for in silico-based lead generation and also inspire the design of future macrocycle screening collections.
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| 25. |
- Cardona, Tanai, 1983-, et al.
(author)
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Electron transfer protein complexes in the thylakoid membranes of heterocysts from the cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme
- 2009
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In: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics. - : Elsevier. - 0005-2728 .- 1879-2650. ; 1787:4, s. 252-263
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Filamentous, heterocystous cyanobacteria are capable of nitrogen fixation and photoautotrophic growth. Nitrogen fixation takes place in heterocysts that differentiate as a result of nitrogen starvation. Heterocysts uphold a microoxic environment to avoid inactivation of nitrogenase, e.g. by downregulation of oxygenic photosynthesis. The ATP and reductant requirement for the nitrogenase reaction is considered to depend on Photosystem I, but little is known about the organization of energy converting membrane proteins in heterocysts. We have investigated the membrane proteome of heterocysts from nitrogen fixing filaments of Nostoc punctiforme sp. PCC 73102, by 2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The membrane proteome was found to be dominated by the Photosystem I and ATP-synthase complexes.We could identify asignificant amount of assembled Photosystem II complexes containing the D1, D2, CP43, CP47 and PsbO proteins from these complexes. We could also measure light-driven in vitro electron transfer from Photosystem II in heterocyst thylakoid membranes. We did not find any partially disassembled PhotosystemII complexes lacking the CP43 protein. Several subunits of the NDH-1 complex were also identified. The relative amount of NDH-1M complexes was found to be higher than NDH-1L complexes, which might suggest a role for this complex in cyclic electron transfer in the heterocysts of Nostoc punctiforme.
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