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- Cremaschi, Laura, et al.
(author)
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Prevalences of autoimmune diseases in schizophrenia, bipolar I and II disorder, and controls
- 2017
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In: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 258, s. 9-14
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previous studies on the relationship between autoimmune diseases, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder are mainly based on hospital discharge registers with insufficient coverage of outpatient data. Furthermore, data is scant on the prevalence of autoimmune diseases in bipolar subgroups. Here we estimate the self-reported prevalences of autoimmune diseases in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder type I and II, and controls. Lifetime prevalence of autoimmune diseases was assessed through a structured interview in a sample of 9076 patients (schizophrenia N = 5278, bipolar disorder type I N = 1952, type II N = 1846) and 6485 controls. Comparative analyses were performed using logistic regressions. The prevalence of diabetes type 1 did not differ between groups. Hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism regardless of lithium effects, rheumatoid arthritis, and polymyalgia rheumatica were most common in bipolar disorder. Systemic lupus erythematosus was less common in bipolar disorder than in the other groups. The rate of autoimmune diseases did not differ significantly between bipolar subgroups. We conclude that prevalences of autoimmune diseases show clear differences between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, but not between the bipolar subgroups. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.
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| 2. |
- Casolino, M., et al.
(author)
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Cosmic-ray observations of the heliosphere with the PAMELA experiment
- 2006
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In: Astrophysics. - : Elsevier BV. ; , s. 1848-1852
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The PAMELA experiment is a multi-purpose apparatus built around a permanent magnet spectrometer, with the main goal of studying in detail the antiparticle component of cosmic rays. The apparatus will be carried in space by means of a Russian satellite, due to launch in 2005, for a three year-long mission. The characteristics of the detectors composing the instrument, alongside the long lifetime of the mission and the orbital characteristics of the satellite, will allow to address several items of cosmic-ray physics. In this paper, we will focus on the solar and heliospheric observation capabilities of PAMELA.
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| 3. |
- Casolino, M., et al.
(author)
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Launch of the space experiment PAMELA
- 2008
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In: Advances in Space Research. - : Elsevier. - 0273-1177 .- 1879-1948. ; 42:3, s. 455-466
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PAMELA is a satellite borne experiment designed to study with great accuracy cosmic rays of galactic, solar, and trapped nature in a wide energy range (protons 80 MeV-700 GeV, electrons 50 MeV-400 GeV). Main objective is the study of the antimatter component: antiprotons (80 MeV-190 GeV), positrons (50 MeV-270 GeV) and search for antimatter with a precision of the order of 10-8. The experiment, housed on board the Russian Resurs-DK I satellite, was launched on June 15th, 2006 in a 350 x 600 km orbit with all inclination of 70'. The detector is composed of a series of scintillator counters arranged at the extremities of a permanent magnet spectrometer to provide charge, time-of-flight, and rigidity information. Lepton/hadron identification is performed by a silicon-tungsten calorimeter and a neutron detector placed at the bottom of the device. An anticounter system is used offline to reject false triggers coming from the satellite. In self-trigger mode the calorimeter, the neutron detector, and a shower tail catcher are capable of an independent measure of the lepton component up to 2 TeV. In this work we describe the experiment, its scientific objectives, and the performance in the first months after launch.
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| 4. |
- Casolino, M., et al.
(author)
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The altcriss project on board the International Space Station
- 2007
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In: Advances in Space Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1948 .- 0273-1177. ; 40:11, s. 1746-1753
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Alteriss project aims to perform a long term survey of the radiation environment on board the International Space Station. Measurements are being performed with active and passive devices in different locations and orientations of the Russian segment of the station. The goal is to perform a detailed evaluation of the differences in particle fluence and nuclear composition due to different shielding material and attitude of the station. The Sileye-3/Alteino detector is used to identify nuclei up to Iron in the energy range above similar or equal to 60 MeV/n. Several passive dosimeters (TLDs, CR39) are also placed in the same location of Sileye-3 detector. Polyethylene shielding is periodically interposed in front of the detectors to evaluate the effectiveness of shielding on the nuclear component of the cosmic radiation. The project was submitted to ESA in reply to the AO in the Life and Physical Science of 2004 and data taking began in December 2005. Dosimeters and data cards are rotated every 6 months: up to now three launches of dosimeters and data cards have been performed and have been returned with the end of expedition 12 and 13. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR.
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| 12. |
- Hasan, A, et al.
(author)
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World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines for Biological Treatment of Schizophrenia : Part 1: Update 2012 on the acute treatment of schizophrenia and the management of treatment resistance.
- 2012
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In: The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1562-2975 .- 1814-1412. ; 13:5, s. 318-378
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- These updated guidelines are based on a first edition of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry Guidelines for Biological Treatment of Schizophrenia published in 2005. For this 2012 revision, all available publications pertaining to the biological treatment of schizophrenia were reviewed systematically to allow for an evidence-based update. These guidelines provide evidence-based practice recommendations that are clinically and scientifically meaningful and these guidelines are intended to be used by all physicians diagnosing and treating people suffering from schizophrenia. Based on the first version of these guidelines, a systematic review of the MEDLINE/PUBMED database and the Cochrane Library, in addition to data extraction from national treatment guidelines, has been performed for this update. The identified literature was evaluated with respect to the strength of evidence for its efficacy and then categorised into six levels of evidence (A–F; Bandelow et al. 2008b, World J Biol Psychiatry 9:242). This first part of the updated guidelines covers the general descriptions of antipsychotics and their side effects, the biological treatment of acute schizophrenia and the management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
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| 14. |
- Merluzzi, S, et al.
(author)
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CD40 stimulation induces Pax5/BSAP and EBF activation through a APE/ref-1-dependent redox mechanism
- 2004
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In: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - : American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 279:3, s. 1777-1786
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- CD40 is a member of the growing tumor necrosis factor receptor family that has been shown to play important roles in T cell-mediated B lymphocyte activation. Ligation of B cell CD40 by CD154, mainly expressed on activated T cells, stimulates B cell proliferation, differentiation, isotype switching, up-regulation of surface molecules contributing to antigen presentation, development of the germinal center, and the humoral memory response. In this study we demonstrate that the redox factor APE/Ref-1 acts as a key signaling intermediate in response to CD40-mediated B cell activation. The transcription factors Pax5a or BSAP ( B cell lineage-specific activator protein) and EBF ( early B cell factor) are constitutively expressed in spleen B cells and CD40 cross-linking induces increases in Pax5a and EBF binding activity compared with nonstimulated B cells. We show that upon CD40 antibody-mediated cross-linking, APE/Ref-1 translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus of activated B cells, where it modulates the DNA binding activity of both Pax5a and EBF. Moreover, we show that the repression of APE/Ref-1 protein production is able to block CD40-mediated Pax5a activation. We also provide evidence that APE/Ref-1 can modulate the cooperative activation of the blk promoter operated by Pax5a and EBF and that APE/Ref-1 might directly regulate EBF functional activity. Finally, we show that the interaction between Pax5a and EBF enhances EBF binding activity to its consensus sequence, suggesting that Pax5a can physically interact with EBF and modulate its DNA binding activity.
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