| 1. |
- Bergendorff, O., et al.
(författare)
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Screening of some European medicinal plants for spasmolytic activity on isolated guinea-pig trachea
- 1995
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pharmacognosy. - 0925-1618. ; 33:4, s. 356-358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eight European plants, used traditionally against diseases of the respiratory system, have been assayed for in vitro spasmolytic activity on guinea-pig trachea. The plants were collected or cultivated in the south of Sweden, and both water and 67% methanol extracts of the parts reported to be used in the traditional medicine were prepared and assayed. Five of the species did not show any significant activity at concentrations up to 0.6 mg extract per ml organ bath, the methanol extracts of 2 species (Glechoma hederacea and Hyssopus officinale) showed weak activity, while 0.6 mg/ml of the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Artemisia abrotanum relaxed the tone induced by 0.1 μmol/l carbachol almost (80%) as effectively as 2.2 mmol/l terbutaline.
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| 2. |
- Bergendorff, O., et al.
(författare)
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A method for assessment of exposure to rubber glove allergens
- 2012
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873. ; 66:s2, s. 70-71
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Use of disposable protective gloves in health care is necessary both to protect patients and personnel. However, the use might also be responsible for skin disease among persons wearing the gloves. Dermatitis may be caused by additives in the gloves, either from manufacturing of the glove material or components in coatings applied after vulcanization. Objectives: We wanted to analyse to what extent chemicals were deposited to skin from the glove and to compare these results with analysis of the glove itself. Methods: After usage of protective gloves, the hands are washed with an ethanolic water solution in a plastic bag for 1 min. The wash solution is then analysed by different HPLC-methods to determine how much of each rubber allergen that has been left on the skin surface. Similar gloves are analysed by traditional methods by extraction with organic solvents to see which rubber allergens that are present in the glove. Results: Two different HPLC-methods were then chosen for analysis of the wash solution. Firstly a cyano-column was used for analysis of basic analytes like cetylpyridinium chloride and diphenylguanidine and secondly a nickel salt derivatisation stepwas used to stabilise dithiocarbamates for analysis on a C18 column. In the latter system thiurams and mercaptobenzothiazoles were analysed simultaneously. Conclusions: By this mild and non-invasive method we could analyse dermal exposure to the most important allergens in rubber gloves. The method enables us to assess how for example different working procedures before and during the use of protective gloves will influence on the amounts of chemicals that are deposited on the skin from different gloves.
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| 3. |
- Bergendorff, O., et al.
(författare)
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New contact allergens are formed during vulcanization of rubber
- 2016
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873. ; 75:S1, s. 44-44
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In rubber materials, both natural rubber and synthetic rubber, several different contact allergenic chemicals are added to the batch before vulcanization. These compounds are relevant for investigation of rubber allergy of workers in rubber factories. The number of workers in the rubber industry has declined, owing to increased automation of the process; however, the number of users of rubber products, such as rubber gloves, is increasing. Furthermore, users of finished rubber products are exposed to allergens other than those affecting workers in rubber factories because of chemical reactions during vulcanization between different additives, altering their structures. Our experience with thiuram mono- and disulfides is that during vulcanization, monosulfides are formed from disulfides. We have also seen that in rubber vulcanized with both thiurams and mercaptobenzothiazole compounds, chemicals are formed that contain both thiocarbamate and a mercaptobenzothiazole structure. Two examples of this are dimethylthiocarbamylbenzothiazole sulfide (DMTBS) and diethylthiocarbamylbenzothiazole sulfide (DETBS). The latter is a commercial accelerator with the name Ethylac. In an earlier study in which we patch tested 24 volunteers with a known allergy to thiuram mix and/or mercapto mix, we observed positive reactions to DMTBS (1% petrolatum) and/or DETBS (1% petrolatum) in 20 subjects. So far we have seen positive reactions to either DMTBS or DETBS in two patients who were investigated because of their dermatitis related to the rubber in their swimming goggles. Chemical analysis of the swimming goggles showed them to contain DMTBS and DETBS, respectively. Furthermore, several patients in the Netherlands and Belgium with allergy to their shoes were found to be allergic to DMTBS. Chemical analysis of these shoes has been performed and DMTBS was identified in the rubber lining. The allergy to DMTBS is an example of how a powerful allergen can be formed during vulcanization as a result of chemical reactions between well-known haptens. It also illustrates that chemical investigations of patients' rubber items can uncover the presence of allergens that were not added during manufacturing and therefore never show up in declarations from the producers.
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| 4. |
- Dizdarevic, A., et al.
(författare)
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Intervention study to evaluate the importance of information given to patients with contact allergy : a randomized, investigator-blinded clinical trial*
- 2021
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Ingår i: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-0963 .- 1365-2133. ; 184:1, s. 43-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In contact dermatitis, it is crucial to understand and remember the outcome of patch testing. Unfortunately, many patients do not remember the results of their patch tests. Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate the effects of an intervention programme in which extensive information on specific contact allergy was provided, in individuals with positive patch test reactions. Methods: The study was designed as a randomized, investigator-blinded clinical trial. Participants with positive test reactions were randomized into two groups that received either standard information according to clinical routine or standard information and a reminder letter. Knowledge of contact allergies was evaluated using questionnaires 12 months after inclusion. Results: There were 184 adults included in the trial and the response rate at 1-year follow-up was 78% (143 of 184). Sixty-five per cent (45 of 69) in the intervention group and 54% (40 of 74) in the control group reported the correct name of the allergen (P = 0·23). Participants with several – as opposed to few – positive patch test reactions had difficulty in remembering the correct names of the allergens (P = 0·001). Moreover, the type of allergy had an influence on their ability to remember the name of the allergen correctly and their ability to make changes in lifestyle. Conclusions: The intervention performed did not significantly affect the participants’ ability to remember their contact allergy. To achieve better knowledge and changes in lifestyle, efforts to inform should concentrate on individuals with several positive patch test reactions, those with particular allergens, individuals over 60 years of age, and – concerning changes in lifestyle – males.
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| 5. |
- Frewen, J., et al.
(författare)
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Shin-pad dermatitis in a young footballer
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical and experimental dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0307-6938 .- 1365-2230. ; 46:7, s. 1379-1380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Hamnerius, N., et al.
(författare)
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Hand eczema in healthcare workers : a questionnaire survey of risk factors and work-related exposures
- 2016
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873. ; 75:S1
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent data on the prevalence and causes of hand eczema among healthcare workers in Sweden are lacking. Multidrug-resistant bacteria have necessitated improved hand hygiene and preventive measures. This has led to an increase in the use of disposable rubber gloves and hand disinfectants, which might influence the risk of hand eczema. Our aims were to identify healthcare workers with hand eczema; to estimate quantitative and qualitative exposure to rubber gloves, hand disinfectants and other exposures; and to survey constitutional factors. An electronic questionnaire was distributed to all employees at the hospitals in southern Sweden. The results were statistically analysed using χ2-tests and binary logistic regression. The 1-year prevalence of self-reported hand eczema was 20% among the responding 9051 nurses and physicians. On a daily basis, 30% reported hand washing >20 times at work, 45% reported using hand disinfectants >50 times, and 28% used >20 pairs of nonsterile rubber gloves. The prevalence of hand eczema was significantly higher among the employees reporting a higher exposure to hand washing, hand disinfectants and rubber gloves than in those reporting a lower exposure. The prevalence of hand eczema was also significantly higher among respondents with a history of childhood eczema, who were smokers, who had a body mass index >30 kgm-2, who spent >30 min per day working in the kitchen or who had children aged
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| 7. |
- Hamnerius, N., et al.
(författare)
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In Vivo Testing of the Protective Effect of Gloves
- 2022. - 3rd
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Ingår i: Protective Gloves for Occupational Use. - Boca Raton : CRC Press. - 9781003126874 - 9780367649050 ; , s. 171-181
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of protective gloves is of importance in workplaces where hazardous chemicals are handled, including the chemical industry, the plastic industry, as well as in environments such as dental practices, hairdressing, and beauty salons. Occupational dermatology can provide crucial advice regarding how to avoid or protect the patient against allergens found in the work environment and provide the patient with important information and advice regarding the correct use of gloves. This chapter provides a review of in vitro and in vivo testing of gloves, with a focus on an in vivo model developed for testing different glove materials against hazardous materials while also mimicking workplace conditions. The in vitro methods for testing can be adapted to simulate the strain from glove movement. However, in vitro methods have their limitations with regards to the interaction between the glove and the skin, the effect of occlusion, or possible chemical interaction. Thus, in vivo evaluation is needed to supplement the in vitro testing of available protective materials.
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| 8. |
- Hamnerius, N, et al.
(författare)
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Wet work exposure and hand eczema among healthcare workers - a cross-sectional study
- 2018
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Ingår i: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2133 .- 0007-0963. ; 178:2, s. 452-461
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Hand eczema is more common in healthcare workers compared to the general population. The hands are subject to changing occupational exposures due to mandatory hygiene regulations for health care workers.OBJECTIVES: To describe the exposure due to hygiene procedures and investigate the associations between occupational hand washing, use of non-sterile gloves, and hand disinfectant and self-reported hand eczema.METHODS: Cross-sectional study with an electronic questionnaire distributed to 28 762 hospital employees in southern Sweden. Respondents working as nurses, assistant nurses or physicians constituted the group of healthcare workers analysed. Adjustments were made for gender, age, wet work at home, life-style factors and atopic dermatitis.RESULTS: 12 288 (43%) responded including 9051 healthcare workers. In this group the 1-year prevalence of self-reported hand eczema was 21%. On a daily basis, 30% reported hand washing with soap >20 times at work, 45% used hand disinfectants >50 times, and 54% used non-sterile gloves > 2 hours. After adjustment for confounding factors, a dose-dependent association with self-reported hand eczema was found for the daily number of hand washes with soap at work and time working with disposable gloves, but not for alcoholic disinfectant use. Hand washing outside work was not associated with self-reported hand eczema in the adjusted multivariate analysis.CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we found a higher 1-year prevalence of self-reported hand eczema among Swedish healthcare workers than reported in the general population. Hand washing with soap and use of disposable gloves were associated with the occurrence of self-reported hand eczema in a dose-dependent way. Use of hand disinfectant was not associated with self-reported hand eczema. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Siemund, I., et al.
(författare)
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Penetration of aluminium salts through pig skin in vitro
- 2012
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873. ; 66:s2, s. 52-52
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Recently it was suggested to use aluminium chloride hexahydrate in petrolatum at 10% to detect aluminium contact allergy. Patch testing with aluminium chloride hexahydrate at 20% did not demonstrate a higher number of positive test reactions. It was speculated that the constricting effect of aluminium salts might impair skin penetration. Objectives: The purpose of the present study is to estimate the concentration of aluminium in various skin layers and in the recipient phase using different aluminium test preparations on pig skin in an in vitro diffusion cell system. Methods: Full-thickness (7sim; porcine ear skin was mounted in Franz-type diffusion cells. The diffusional area was 0.64 cm2 and recipient volume 4 ml. The dermal side was exposed to a recipient solution consisting of PBS (phosphate buffer saline, pH 7.4). Aluminium chloride hexahydrate preparations in petrolatum and in water at 10% were applied to the donor compartment facing the epidermis for 24 hr. All samples were analysed for total aluminium by atomic absorption spectrometry. The limit of detection was 0.01 μg/ml. Results: No aluminium could be detected in the recipient phase in the six diffusion cells. Conclusions: Neither aluminium in petrolatum nor in water gave detectable amounts of penetrating aluminium in 24 h. The lipophilicity of the vehicle was not decisive.
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