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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Almroth, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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Further development of SAMPERS and modeling of urban congestion
- 2014
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The need to more precisely represent the consequences of congestion mitigation policies in urban transport systems calls for replacement of the static equilibrium assignment by DTA in the integrated travel demand and traffic assignment models. Despite of the availability of DTA models and despite of the conceptual clarity of how such integration should take place, only few operational model systems have been developed for large-scale applications. We report on replacement of the static traffic assignment by two different DTAs in the four stage demand model for the Greater Stockholm region: the macroscopic analytic Visum DUE and microscopic simulation Transmodeler. First results show that even without systematic calibration the DTA is in reasonable agreement with observed traffic counts and travel times. The presented experiments did not reveal striking difference between using macroscopic and microscopic assignment package. However, given the clear trend to microscopic modeling and simulation on the travel demand side, the use of micro-simulation-based DTA package appears more natural from system integration perspective.
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| 5. |
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Anställningsbarhet : Perspektiv från utbildning och arbetsliv
- 2009. - 1
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- De senaste åren har anställningsbarhet vuxit fram som ett centralt policybegrepp i Sverige. Det används ofta i diskussioner inom både utbildning och arbetsliv. Vanligt ställda frågor är: Leder utbildning till ökad anställningsbarhet? Får de studerande lära sig vad som krävs för att bli anställda? Ofta används begreppet okritiskt och dess betydelse är otydlig. I denna bok diskuteras och analyseras anställningsbarhet och dess användning kritiskt. Exempel ges från bland annat personalvetarprogrammet, läkar- och civilingenjörsutbildningar, yrkes- och yrkeslärarutbildningar, hälsopreventivt arbete på arbetsplatsen och från kompetensutveckling av vårdbiträden inom omsorgen. Genom dessa exempel får läsaren bilder av vad anställningsbarhet kan vara, hur det tar sig uttryck till exempel genom införandet av olika managementidéer, och vilka konsekvenser det får för arbetets organisering och individers handlande. Boken vänder sig till blivande personalvetare, studie- och yrkesvägledare samt studerande inom pedagogik med inriktning på arbetsliv och vuxnas lärande.
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| 6. |
- Augustsson, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Challenges in assessing the health risks of consuming vegetables in metal-contaminated environments
- 2018
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In: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 113, s. 269-280
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A great deal of research has been devoted to the characterization of metal exposure due to the consumption of vegetables from urban or industrialized areas. It may seem comforting that concentrations in crops, as well as estimated exposure levels, are often found to be below permissible limits. However, we show that even a moderate increase in metal accumulation in crops may result in a significant increase in exposure. We also highlight the importance of assessing exposure levels in relation to a regional baseline. We have analyzed metal (Pb, Cd, As) concentrations in nearly 700 samples from 23 different vegetables, fruits, berries and mushrooms, collected near 21 highly contaminated industrial sites and from reference sites. Metal concentrations generally complied with permissible levels in commercial food and only Pb showed overall higher concentrations around the contaminated sites. Nevertheless, probabilistic exposure assessments revealed that the exposure to all three metals was significantly higher in the population residing around the contaminated sites, for both low-, medianand high consumers. The exposure was about twice as high for Pb and Cd, and four to six times as high for As. Since vegetable consumption alone did not result in exposure above tolerable intakes, it would have been easy to conclude that there is no risk associated with consuming vegetables grown near the contaminated sites. However, when the increase in exposure is quantified, its potential significance is harder to dismiss - especially when considering that exposure via other routes may be elevated in a similar way.
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| 7. |
- Berglund, Andreas, et al.
(author)
-
15 koncept för bättre ergonomi : Inom äldreomsorg, fysioterapi, däckmontering och varuhantering
- 2015
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Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Den här boken är resultatet av en kurs i ergonomi vid Teknisk design, Luleå tekniska universitet, våren 2015. 15 kursdeltagare har under 10 veckor använt designmetodik och ergonomiska teorier och metoder för att utveckla 15 konceptuella förbättringsförslag baserade på de 4 undersökta kontexterna äldreomsorg, fysioterapi, däckmontering och varuhantering. Fokus för ergonomi inom området teknisk design är att se till att all design, oavsett vilket system det avser, kompletterar människans styrkor och förmågor. Vi ska kort och gott se till att arbetsuppgifter, utrustning, apparater, processer, miljöer och organisationer utformas med människan som utgångspunkt, istället för att tvinga människan att anpassa sig med olika former av överbelastning som möjlig påföljd. För att uppnå detta behöver vi förstå och designa för den variabilitet som är representerad bland oss människor: vi är olika, har olika åldrar, storlek, styrka, kognitiv förmåga, erfarenheter, förväntningar och mål. Att tillämpa ergonomi betyder att studera hur människor interagerar med produkter, processer, miljöer och system för att förbättra dem, dvs. göra dem enklare, säkrare, bekvämare och effektivare att använda. För att kunna göra det behöver vi kunskap om människans förutsättningar och behov. Teknisk design med utgångspunkt och mål i god ergonomi innebär att exempelvis: Att designa produkter och utrustning som är enkla och tillförlitliga att använda med utgångspunkt i kunskap om kognitiv ergonomi, antropometri och belastningsergonomiska och biomekaniska analyserAtt designa säkra och effektiva tillverkningsprocesser med utgångspunkt i kunskap om kognitiv ergonomi och belastningsergonomiska analyserAtt designa organisationer utifrån kunskap om arbetslivsfysiologi och organisationsergonomiAtt designa arbetsuppgifter utifrån kunskap om kognitiv ergonomi, biomekanik och belastningsergonomiska analyserAtt designa enkla och användarvänliga gränssnitt med utgångspunkt i kognitiv ergonomiErgonomisk anpassning av en produkt eller en arbetsmiljö kan exempelvis handla om att se till att människan inte använder kroppen felaktigt. Det kan handla om fysisk belastning när en uppgift utförs, såväl som sensorisk input från olika system eller psykosocial belastning i form av stress. Det handlar om att utveckla kunskaper om människans begränsningar och förmågor, vilket ger bättre förutsättningar att bidra till användarvänliga lösningar. Det i sin tur bidrar till säkerhet och användarvänlighet och i slutändan att alla produkter, system och miljöer i vår omvärld fungerar väl för människan – det är hållbar utveckling om något. I kursen Ergonomi 2 vid civilingenjörsutbildningen Teknisk design, Luleå tekniska universitet, ingår en projektuppgift. Den syftar till att få fördjupad förståelse inom ergonomi genom att tillämpa kunskap och metoder i ett designprojekt för en verklig situation. Våren 2015 omfattade projektuppgiften att enanalys av valfri kontext, med syfte att förstå problem och utmaningar i den miljö, det sammanhang, den situation och för de personer som var berörda. Inledningsvis arbetade kursdeltagarna i grupper bestående av 3-4 personer, för att sedan gå in i en konceptutvecklingsfas individuellt. Det innebar att kursdeltagarna kunde genomföra ergonomiska analyser gemensamt och sedan utveckla konceptuella lösningar på egen hand. Det resulterade i att kursdeltagarna utvecklade tämligen olika lösningar, även om de haft en gemensam utgångspunkt. Bokens kapitel omfattar en beskrivning av respektive kontext följt av de konceptförslag som kursdeltagarna utvecklade. Som lärare är det alltid extra roligt när kursdeltagare är motiverade och engagerade inför projektuppgifter. Vår förhoppning är att det engagemanget ska framgå på följande sidor och att koncepten ska ge inspiration till att förbättra ergonomin i våra vardagsliv. Åsa Wikberg Nilsson, Therese Öhrling, Lars Sundström, Agneta Larsson och Ulrik RöijezonTeknisk design Luleå tekniska universitet, Augusti 2015
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Berglund, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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Comparison between temperature based thaw weakening prediction model and field observation methods
- 2011
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In: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions. - Montreal.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Structures like roads and port yards located in cold climate are affected by freezing and thawing every year. The global trend of a warmer climate and temperatures around 0°C for longer periods of time will change the freezing/thawing behaviour in many locations. The tendency will changeto have several freezing /thawing cycles in a given location every year. The bearing capacity of low volume roads and simple port yards will be affected by a prolonged thawing period with lower bearing capacity as a consequence. Bearing capacity problems can lead to increased costs for traffic as well as increased maintenance costs. Due to very high costs for destroyed structuresduring thaw, a lot can be gained if bearing capacity problems at a given site can be forecasted well in advance in order not to destroy the structure. Such a method should preferably be based upon simple measurements like air temperatures to make it easy to use also in remote areas. In the described temperature based model air and ground temperatures are used to develop anaccumulated thaw index and corresponding limits. When the thaw index limit is reached, the construction at the evaluated depth thaws, leading to increased pore water pressure and reduction of strength and bearing capacity. This paper presents a study of the application of the model at low volume roads in Sweden. Bearing capacity at the road was evaluated from field tests by falling weight deflectometer (FWD) test carried out 24 times during the thawing season i.e.March 4 through June 9. Predictions made by the model were compared with the subgrade module evaluated from the FWD series. The results show that the model might be possible to use in Sweden and elsewhere if minor adjustments are carried out.
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| 10. |
- Berglund, Andreas
(author)
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Prognos av vägars bärförmåga vid tjällossningen : användning av temperatur som nyckeltal
- 2010
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The global trend towards a warmer climate and temperatures near or just above 0 °C during winter months, will most likely be more common in future. One of the consequences of this climate change could, in a worst-case scenario, be freezing and thawing over a significant part of the winter with corresponding road bearing capacity problems. Bearing capacity problems may lead to increased costs to society when heavy traffic is forced to change route or carry less weight. In addition, road maintenance costs will increase. According to pulp industry calculations, this industry sector will face additional costs in the range of 510-590 Million SEK every year due to road bearing capacity problems. In addition to this, the costs related to the rapidly growing bio fuel industry will be added. If a reliable forecast of load-bearing capacity problems and potential load restrictions on roads can be found, it would be cost effective for road administration and society. This text presents the content of the licentiate work is presented and in what report more information could be found. One aspect of frost damage on roads that is highlighted in the thesis is decision making when conducting a road inventory. In a study conducted within the licentiate work it was shown that the results from different actors performing frost inventory on the same road stretch can vary a lot. There should be efforts made to reduce the individual dependence when performing a road inventory. The main part of the licentiate work deals with a model for the prediction of bearing capacity problems on roads. The work gives an idea of the possibility to use the temperature based model used in Minnesota, USA in Sweden. The evaluation is done by comparing falling weight deflectometer (FWD) test results with the results from the temperature based forecast model. When comparing the FWD results: AREA-parameter and subgrade modulus with results from the Minnesota model, the subgrade modulus seems to have the greatest agreement with the forecast model. However, they both seem to show the overall development of low bearing capacity during thaw. The overall conclusion about the temperature based forecast model is that it seems to give fairly good results and work well. It will work better if it can be further calibrated but it has some flaws if the temperature seesaws around 0 °C. The forecast model should, despite this, be able to assist road holders in Sweden as a planning tool, when dealing with bearing capacity problems during thaw.
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| 11. |
- Berglund, Andreas
(author)
-
Prognos av vägars bärförmåga vid tjällossningen : Användning av "Minnesotamodellen" på en teststräcka i Sverige
- 2010
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The global trend towards a warmer climate and temperatures near or just above 0 °C during winter months, will most likely be more common in future. One of the consequences of this climate change could, in a worst-case scenario, be freezing and thawing over a significant part of the winter with corresponding road bearing capacity problems. Bearing capacity problems may lead to increased costs to society when heavy traffic is forced to change route or carry less weight. In addition, road maintenance costs will increase. According to pulp industry calculations, this industry sector will face additional costs in the range of 510-590 Million SEK every year due to road bearing capacity problems. In addition to this, the costs related to the rapidly growing bio fuel industry will be added. If a reliable forecast of load-bearing capacity problems and potential load restrictions on roads can be found, it would be cost effective for road administration and society. This research report is a part of a work to find methods to forecast bearing capacity problems on roads. The report gives an idea of the possibility to use the temperature based model used in Minnesota, USA in Sweden. The evaluation is done by comparing falling weight deflectometer (FWD) test results with the results from the temperature based forecast model. Temperatures and FWD data were collected in 1997 on a road approximately 7 km outside Luleå, Sweden. The road structure was from the surface: 0,10 m asphalt, 0,40 m sandy gravel/gravely clayey sand and 3,0 m silty clay overlaying a silty moraine. In the report the FWD concept, as well as the FWD parameters of importance are described. How the temperature data was collected is described. The temperatures were collected at a depth of 0,20 m and 0,12 m below the asphalt layer respectively. FWD data was normalised to a force of 50kN. The radius of the segmented falling plate was 0,12 m and all calculations were carried out in accordance with Swedish guidelines. Based upon the FWD tests, the following parameters were evaluated: i/load carrying index, ii/surface modulus, iii/subgrade modulus and iv/"AREA-parameter". A daily average air temperature was determined based upon the detailed measured temperatures. A comparison was done with an average value calculated solely on the recorded maximum and minimum temperatures. It is shown that the two methods gave similar results when used in the forecast model. A short description of the temperature based forecast model is presented as well as an example of how to use it. The needed reference temperature was in the field test evaluated to -0,65 °C and the thaw-degree day limit before the road starts to thaw was determined to 22,2 °C-days. The evaluated FWD parameters show bearing capacity loss at slightly different days. Load carrying index shows a loss of bearing capacity after March 14. As expected the surface modulus is strongly influenced by the air temperature and shows low values on March 10, April 1. After April 11 it decreases significantly. The subgrade modulus shows less stiffness after March 26 and is not as affected by changing air temperatures as the surface modulus. The AREA parameter is also affected by the oscillations in air temperature, much like the surface modulus. It shows low values on March 10 and April 1. After April 11 it decreases significantly towards the lowest values registered in the study. The temperature based forecast model shows that the limit for the accumulated thaw index is reached on March 10 and on April 22-23. The results from the forecast model based upon the daily average temperatures and based upon daily maximum and minimum temperatures only, shows almost the same dates for bearing capacity reductions. Thus, the more simple method with maximum and minimum temperature values seems to give enough accuracy. When comparing the FWD results: AREA-parameter and subgrade modulus with results from the Minnesota model, the subgrade modulus seems to have the greatest agreement with the forecast model. However, they both seem to show the overall development of low bearing capacity during thaw. The overall conclusion about the temperature based forecast model is that it seems to give fairly good results and work well. It will work better if it can be further calibrated but it has some flaws if the temperature seesaws around 0 °C. The forecast model should, despite this, be able to assist road holders in Sweden as a planning tool, when dealing with bearing capacity problems during thaw.
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| 12. |
- Berglund, Andreas
(author)
-
Studie av modell för prognos av vägars bärförmåga vid tjällossningen : "Minnesotamodellen"
- 2010
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Many roads are affected negatively by thaw with loss of bearing capacity as a consequence. Sometime load restriction policies must be applied on these roads. To be able to communicate potential bearing capacity problems in time with the road users, a prognosis model is needed. Such a model is described in this report. The model is described based upon a report made at Washington state department of transportation, WSDOT. WSDOT had carried out thermal analysis by FEM on four different road sections. The four sections are presented and the thermal properties of the road materials are given. A most likely misprint in the original report is commented upon and a table with correct SI-units is presented. The results coming from the thermal analysis is presented. Thawing in the tested road sections starts when the daily average air temperature is -1,7 °C to -1,1 °C. Limits for a should and a must level of accumulated thawing index is presented as 25 °F-days and 50 °F-days. When the level is reached load restrictions should apply. In the Minnesota Department of Transportation, Mn/DOT, version of the forecast model only one limit is used. The length of the load restrictions are based on the complete thaw of the road construction. Two equations for calculating the length of restrictions based on FI and TI are presented. Comparisons between the results of the forecast model and frost depth meters have been carried out and showed acceptable results. The forecast model is working better when fine grained materials is present than with coarse grained materials. The model was stated usable but in need of in-situ calibration. The model has been altered in the Mn/DOT version by letting the reference temperature vary during spring. This is said to be a way of taking the increasing intensity of the net heat flux and angle of the sun into consideration. It can also be seen as an easy way of calibrating the forecast model. The three day weather forecast is used to determine when the limit value for accumulated thaw index is reached. This gives the forecast model a three days forecast on bearing capacity problems. Within Mn/DOT maximum 8 weeks duration for load restrictions are used. Research showing that load restrictions are not socioeconomic defendable and that it is more economic to have the road repaired when it gets damaged is presented. Other works say that there is a value in load restrictions. Socioeconomic calculations may contain assumptions and whether or not they are correct is not discussed in this report. Before the forecast model could be implemented in Sweden there is a need for testing. Air and ground temperature data needs to be collected and analysed according to this report. The temperature data will give reference temperature and limit value to use when evaluating thaw index. The test results from the forecast model should be compared with for example falling weight deflection data from the same location to answer the question whether the agreement is good or not. The forecast model is straight forward and simple. Some questions about reliability need future testing before a recommendation whether or not it is suitable to be used in Sweden.
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| 13. |
- Berglund, Andreas
(author)
-
Tjäle - en litteraturstudie med särskilt fokus på tjällossning
- 2009
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Denna forskningsrapport är en litteraturgenomgång av en del av allt som finns skrivet om tjälprocessen och de problem tjälen skapar. Rapportens övergripande fokus ligger till en början på att ge en överblick över tjälprocessen och presentera grunderna i denna. Efter hand glider fokus över mot tjällossningen och de problem som förknippas med tjällossning. En allmän presentation av frusen jord, jord med en temperatur under 0°C, och en överblick över tjälforskningens historia från år 1765 och Beskow till mer nutida forskningsrön presenteras allra först i rapporten. Jordens termiska egenskaper är essentiell för tjälprocessen och beskrivs med hjälp av begrepp såsom termisk konduktivitet (värmeledningstalet λ), värmekapacitet (c), termisk diffusivitet (α) och latent värme (L). Temperaturprofilen beskrivs i termer av geotermisk gradient, whiplashkurva och aktivt område. Med aktivt område menas det område som tinar respektive fryser i permafrost och säsongstjäle.Tjälnedträngningen som orsakas av negativa varaktiga temperaturer vid markytan beskrivs i rapporten. Negativa yttemperaturer skapar ett värmeflöde från marken. Marken kyls ned i och med värmeavgången och bildandet av islinser i jorden inleds. Vattentransporten till tjälfronten som påverkar bildandet av islinser är komplex och fenomenet är än inte helt utrett. De två huvudspåren kapillärt sug och att vattentransporten beror av fysisk-kemiska egenskaper hos jorden presenteras. Vattentransporten till islinsen sker via en vattenfilm av ofruset vatten, den ofrusna vattenkvoten betecknas wu. Den hydrauliska konduktiviteten minskar med negativa temperaturer på grund av att vattentransporten sker i den ofrusna delen av vattnet, och wu minskar med negativa temperaturer. Beräkning av tjäldjup presenteras genom en härledning av Stefans formel, en presentation av Stefans modifierade formel och en förklaring av köldmängdsbegreppet. Modifierad Stefans formel som tar hänsyn till jordens värmekapacitet presenteras också. Förutom lufttemperaturen bestäms tjäldjupet i en jordprofil främst av jordmaterialets värmetekniska egenskaper. Tjällyftning och bestämning av tjällyftets storlek med segregation potential theory behandlas. Fenomenet vid tjällossning beskrivs samt problemen vid tjällossningen presenteras. För bärighetsproblem vid tjällossningen är dräneringen av vägkonstruktionen kritisk eftersom de ökade portrycken innebär minskade effektivspänningar och minskad skjuvhållfasthet. Dräneringsförmågan inverkar främst om urtjälningshastigheten är hög, mycket is övergår till vatten på kort tid. Sättningar på grund av tjällossning styrs främst av mängden is i jorden. Tjälfarlighetsklassificeringssystemen använda i Sverige, Norge, Finland och USA beskrivs och en jämförelse mellan dessa görs. Två jordar klassificeras utifrån kornfördelningskurvorna, för en grusig sand ger ländernas system samma svar, ej tjälfarlig. Även för den andra jorden, en sandig siltig lermorän klassificeras jorden som tjälfarlig, dock i olika grad. Hur vägar påverkas av tjälnedtränging (höjd hållfasthet, lägre hydraulisk konduktivitet), tjällyftning och tjällossning (bärighetsminskning, tjälskott med mera) beskrivs. Vägverkets system för väderdata VViS presenteras. Med hjälp av väderdata kan modeller för införandet av lastrestriktioner skapas. CTI-fordon har fördelar vid bärighetsnedsättningar. Sverige använder enbart visuella observationer vid införandet av lastrestriktioner på grund av bärighetsnedsättningar vid tjällossning. Flera andra länder och stater i USA använder mer sofistikerade metoder. I Minnesota används väderdata i form av frys- (FI) och töindex (TI) tillsammans med en referenstemperatur för att förutse när lastrestriktioner bör införas. Kanske är "Minnesotamodellen" något för Sverige.
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| 14. |
- Berglund, Andreas
(author)
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Tjälinventeringsprojektet : en jämförande studie av tjälinventeringar gjorda av olika aktörer
- 2010
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Roads are affected by frost. For maintenance and action planning of these roads, a well performed inventory is a necessary base. It will also be a base for priority of different objects for repair and maintenance. Therefore, it is very important to have a similar ground for the judgment. This can be difficult to achieve as different companies and persons are enrolled different years due to type of contract used, capacity, experience, knowledge etc. In a pre-study great differences were found when comparing two inventories done on the same road in year 2008 and 2009. The question was then raised, if the provided information on how to perform an inventory was good enough in order to carry out a high quality work. Another question raised, was if the differences really are that obvious between different persons performing the inventory.The method used for the study was to have four actors to carry out an inventory each on the same road, at the same time, and then compare the obtained results. The actors were "Konsult A" and B, Swedish Transport Association (TV) and persons from Luleå University of Technology (LTU). Ranked in order of practical experience the most experienced was Konsult B, then Konsult A, TV and LTU. The road studied was AC805 Lidbacken to Femvägaskälet. It is situated outside Skellefteå in the county of Västerbotten in the north part of Sweden. The total length of the studied road was about 15 km and it has an ADT of 576. Four sections, which represented the road as a whole and also showed the main differences and similarities, were closer analyzed. One section focused on an overview, one on cracks and two sections focused on bumps and roughness. In the report, the results from the four inventories are presented graphically in order to give the reader an overview and a chance to comparison. The results show that there are both great differences and similarities between the four inventories. The two most experienced, Konsult A and Konsult B had about the same percentage of their total crack length in class 2 (66 respectively 60%) and class 3 (~30%). The total amount of inventoried crack length differs however. Konsult A have in total 7355m and Konsult B 9157m, which means that Konsult A only reports approximately 80% of the length reported by Konsult B. TV had 18% class 2 and 82% class 3 cracks with a total length of cracks being 3246m, while LTU had 38% class 2 and 24% class 3 cracks. In this case the total crack length was reported to be 11029m. This means, that the total length of reported cracks varies between 3246 m to 11029 m, corresponding to approx. 21% and 74% of the total road length.The most experienced (Konsult B) and the least experienced performer (LTU) show most similarities in the overall road condition assessment and placement of damages. It is mentally exhausting to perform a road inventory by hand without small amount of technical support. It is shown in the report that the resolution seems to decrease after some time of work. As a consequence, many cracks in class 1 are registered in the beginning of the studied road stretch, while in the end cracks are more registered as long single cracks. After some time of work more cracks are registered as coherent cracks while they in fact are single cracks. It should therefore be considered if technical supporting systems, like e.g. GPS and computers with well developed software, should be more used in order to increase efficiency and quality of the final work. This should also reduce the impact of subjective decisions.One observation done in the study is that different persons might have different views of the purpose of the road inventory. One view is to perform just a road inventory, without any specific purpose, more than to get a view of the quality of the road. Another point of view is to do an inventory with the focus of what type of actions are to be carried out in future in mind. Depending on the focus, the results seem to differ. In this study, it seems like LTU, Konsult A and Konsult B have performed the inventory in the first way, while TV seems to have carried the inventory out with future actions in mind. This conclusion is based upon the observation that TV did not note any damages in class 1 throughout the whole road stretch, while the other did. By analysing the inventory results, it was found that errors in the distance measurements were present. It is therefore proposed that the customer should consider GPS-length measurements to eliminate this source of error. Inventory done with the base of digital photos will minimize some of the length measurement problems if the photos are taken by a camera connected to a GPS. However, inventory done by using digital photos only have several disadvantages in comparison with ordinary field inventory. The major drawback of this methodology is the difficulty to discover small damages and roughness. It is difficult to classify roughness. The roughness effect on driving experience is very much dependent on the speed of the inventory vehicle. Based on this study the speed of the inventory vehicle needs to be considered when doing a roughness inventory. Roughness inventory should be done at the roads intended speed to ensure that the roughness impact on driving comfort is correctly experienced and registered. One way to enhance the quality of road inventory could be to develop a clear and easy to understand description of method. It should be emphasised that experience is a key component when doing road a inventory, but an increased use of technical support systems can reduce the scatter in the assessment.
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| 15. |
- Berglund, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Occurrence and removal efficiency of parasitic protozoa in Swedish wastewater treatment plants
- 2017
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In: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 598, s. 821-827
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Giardia intestinalis, Cryptosporidium spp., Entamoeba histolytica and Dientamoeba fragilis are parasitic protozoa and causative agents of gastroenteritis in humans. G. intestinalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in particular are the most common protozoa associated with waterborne outbreaks in high-income countries. Surveillance of protozoan prevalence in wastewater and evaluation of wastewater treatment removal efficiencies of protozoan pathogens is therefore imperative for assessment of human health risk. In this study, influent and effluent wastewater samples from three wastewater treatment plants in Sweden were collected over nearly one year and assessed for prevalence of parasitic protozoa. Quantitative real-time PCR using primers specific for the selected protozoa Cryptosporidium spp., G. intestinalis, E. histolytica, Entamoeba dispar and D. fragilis was used for protozoan DNA detection and assessment of wastewater treatment removal efficiencies. Occurrence of G. intestinalis, E. dispar and D. fragilis DNA was assessed in both influent (44, 30 and 39 out of 51 samples respectively) and effluent wastewater (14, 9 and 33 out of 51 samples respectively) in all three wastewater treatment plants. Mean removal efficiencies of G. intestinalis, E. dispar and D. fragilis DNA quantities, based on all three wastewater treatment plants studied varied between 67 and 87%, 37–75% and 20–34% respectively. Neither E. histolytica nor Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in any samples. Overall, higher quantities of protozoan DNA were observed from February to June 2012. The high prevalence of protozoa in influent wastewater indicates the need for continued monitoring of these pathogens in wastewater-associated aquatic environments to minimise the potential risk for human infection.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Berglund, Ellinor, et al.
(author)
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A smartphone application for dispatch of lay responders to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests.
- 2018
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In: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-1570 .- 0300-9572. ; 126, s. 160-165
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dispatch of lay volunteers trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and equipped with automated external defibrillators (AEDs) may improve survival in cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The aim of this study was to investigate the functionality and performance of a smartphone application for locating and alerting nearby trained laymen/women in cases of OHCA.A system using a smartphone application activated by Emergency Dispatch Centres was used to locate and alert laymen/women to nearby suspected OHCAs. Lay responders were instructed either to perform CPR or collect a nearby AED. An online survey was carried out among the responders.From February to August 2016, the system was activated in 685 cases of suspected OHCA. Among these, 224 cases were Emergency Medical Services (EMSs)-treated OHCAs (33%). EMS-witnessed cases (n=11) and cases with missing survey data (n=15) were excluded. In the remaining 198 OHCAs, lay responders arrived at the scene in 116 cases (58%), and prior to EMSs in 51 cases (26%). An AED was attached in 17 cases (9%) and 4 (2%) were defibrillated. Lay responders performed CPR in 54 cases (27%). Median distance to the OHCA was 560m (IQR 332-860m), and 1280m (IQR 748-1776m) via AED pick-up. The survey-answering rate was 82%.A smartphone application can be used to alert CPR-trained lay volunteers to OHCAs for CPR. Further improvements are needed to shorten the time to defibrillation before EMS arrival.
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| 18. |
- Berglund, Ellinor, et al.
(author)
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Effect of Smartphone Dispatch of Volunteer Responders on Automated External Defibrillators and Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests : The SAMBA Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2023
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In: JAMA cardiology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2380-6583 .- 2380-6591. ; 8:1, s. 81-88
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Importance Smartphone dispatch of volunteer responders to nearby out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) has emerged in several emergency medical services, but no randomized clinical trials have evaluated the effect on bystander use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs).Objective To evaluate if bystander AED use could be increased by smartphone-aided dispatch of lay volunteer responders with instructions to collect nearby AEDs compared with instructions to go directly to patients with OHCAs to start cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).Design, Setting, and Participants This randomized clinical trial assessed a system for smartphone dispatch of volunteer responders to individuals experiencing OHCAs that was triggered at emergency dispatch centers in response to suspected OHCAs and randomized 1:1. The study was conducted in 2 main Swedish regions: Stockholm and Västra Götaland between December 2018 and January 2020. At study start, there were 3123 AEDs in Stockholm and 3195 in Västra Götaland and 24 493 volunteer responders in Stockholm and 19 117 in Västra Götaland. All OHCAs in which the volunteer responder system was activated by dispatchers were included. Excluded were patients with no OHCAs, those with OHCAs not treated by the emergency medical services, and those with OHCAs witnessed by the emergency medical services.Interventions Volunteer responders were alerted through the volunteer responder system smartphone application and received map-aided instructions to retrieve nearest available public AEDs on their way to the OHCAs. The control arm included volunteer responders who were instructed to go directly to the OHCAs to perform CPR.Main Outcomes and Measures Overall bystander AED attachment, including those attached by volunteer responders and lay volunteers who did not use the smartphone application.Results Volunteer responders were activated for 947 patients with OHCAs. Of those, 461 were randomized to the intervention group (median [IQR] age of patients, 73 [61-81] years; 295 male patients [65.3%]) and 486 were randomized to the control group (median [IQR] age of patients, 73 [63-82] years; 312 male patients [65.3%]). Primary outcome of AED attachment occurred in 61 patients (13.2%) in the intervention arm vs 46 patients (9.5%) in the control arm (difference, 3.8% [95% CI, −0.3% to 7.9%]; P = .08). The majority of AEDs were attached by lay volunteers who were not using the smartphone application (37 in intervention arm, 28 in control). There were no significant differences in secondary outcomes. Among the volunteer responders using the application, crossover was 11% and compliance to instructions was 31%. Volunteer responders attached 38% (41 of 107) of all AEDs and provided 45% (16 of 36) of all defibrillations and 43% (293 of 666) of all CPR.Conclusions and Relevance In this study, smartphone dispatch of volunteer responders to OHCAs to retrieve nearby AEDs vs instructions to directly perform CPR did not significantly increase volunteer AED use. High baseline AED attachement rate and crossover may explain why the difference was not significant.Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02992873
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| 19. |
- Berglund, Ellinor, et al.
(author)
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Wellbeing, emotional response and stress among lay responders dispatched to suspected out-of-hospital cardiac arrests
- 2022
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In: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 170, s. 352-360
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Systems for smartphone dispatch of lay responders to perform cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and bring automated external defibrillators to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) are advocated by recent international guidelines and emerging worldwide. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the emotional responses, posttraumatic stress reactions and levels of wellbeing among smartphone-alerted lay responders dispatched to suspected OHCAs. Methods: Lay responders were stratified by level of exposure: unexposed (Exp-0), tried to reach (Exp-1), and reached the suspected OHCA (Exp-2). Participants rated their emotional responses online, at 90 minutes and at 4–6 weeks after an incident. Level of emotional response was measured in two dimensions of core affect: “alertness” – from deactivation to activation, and “pleasantness” – from unpleasant to pleasant. At 4–6 weeks, WHO wellbeing index and level of posttraumatic stress (PTSD) were also rated. Results: Altogether, 915 (28%) unexposed and 1471 (64%) exposed responders completed the survey. Alertness was elevated in the exposed groups: Exp-0: 6.7 vs. Exp-1: 7.3 and Exp-2: 7.5, (p < 0.001) and pleasantness was highest in the unexposed group: 6.5, vs. Exp-1: 6.3, and Exp-2: 6.1, (p < 0.001). Mean scores for PTSD at follow-up was below clinical cut-off, Exp-0: 9.9, Exp-1: 8.9 and Exp-2: 8.8 (p = 0.065). Wellbeing index showed no differences, Exp-0: 78.0, Exp-1: 78.5 and Exp-2: 79.9 (p = 0.596). Conclusion: Smartphone dispatched lay responders rated the experience as high-energy and mainly positive. No harm to the lay responders was seen. The exposed groups had low posttraumatic stress scores and high-level general wellbeing at follow-up. © 2021
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| 20. |
- Berglund, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Higher education in management: The case of Sweden
- 2017. - 1st
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In: The Future of Management Education: Challenges facing Business Schools around the World. - London : Palgrave Macmillan London. - 9781137560919 - 9781137560896 ; , s. 331-354
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Berglund, Lisa, et al.
(author)
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Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) Stimulates Osteopontin Expression in the Vasculature via Endothelin-1 and CREB.
- 2016
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In: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1939-327X .- 0012-1797. ; 65:1, s. 239-254
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an incretin hormone with extrapancreatic effects beyond glycemic control. Here we demonstrate unexpected effects of GIP signaling in the vasculature. GIP induces the expression of the pro-atherogenic cytokine osteopontin (OPN) in mouse arteries, via local release of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and activation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). Infusion of GIP increases plasma OPN levels in healthy individuals. Plasma ET-1 and OPN levels are positively correlated in patients with critical limb ischemia. Fasting GIP levels are higher in individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, stroke) when compared to controls. GIP receptor (GIPR) and OPN mRNA levels are higher in carotid endarterectomies from patients with symptoms (stroke, transient ischemic attacks, amaurosis fugax) than in asymptomatic patients; and expression associates to parameters characteristic of unstable and inflammatory plaques (increased lipid accumulation, macrophage infiltration and reduced smooth muscle cell content). While GIPR expression is predominantly endothelial in healthy arteries from human, mouse, rat and pig; remarkable up-regulation is observed in endothelial and smooth muscle cells upon culture conditions yielding a "vascular disease-like" phenotype. Moreover, a common variant rs10423928 in the GIPR gene associated with increased risk of stroke in type 2 diabetes patients.
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| 23. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(author)
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HELIX Competence Centre – Knowledge for Sustainable Working Life
- 2017
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to describe HELIX Competence Centre at Linköping University and its work to contribute to sustainable working life. Research in HELIX Competence Centre is based on an interactive approach between researchers from different disciplines and partner organizations, including industrial organizations, public organizations, labour market organizations, and civil society organizations. The research programme includes four research themes: 1) Sustainable development processes in industrial production systems; 2) Growth and development in small enterprises; 3) Sustainable, innovative, and coordinated health and welfare processes; and 4) Diversity and inclusion in working life. Other activities include seminars and partnership meetings with different topics and a yearly HELIX day. The research and activities led by HELIX Competence Centre constitute an approach to integrate social and economic sustainability, produce scientific knowledge, and add value to practice in the partner organizations.
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| 24. |
- Berglund, Martina, 1963-, et al.
(author)
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Scaling up and scaling down : Improvisational handling of critical work practices during the COVID-19 pandemic
- 2024
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In: Management Learning. - : SAGE Publications Ltd. - 1350-5076 .- 1461-7307. ; 55, s. 305-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this article is to explore improvisational handling of critical work practices during the COVID-19 pandemic and interpret these practices from a learning perspective. Based on an interview study with representatives of private, public and intermediary organisations, the study identified three different types of improvisational handling as responses to the pandemic crisis involving ‘scaling up’ and ‘scaling down’ critical work practices. By ‘scaling up’ and ‘scaling down’, we refer to practices for which, due to the pandemic, it has been imperative to urgently scale up an existing operational process or develop a new process, and alternatively extensively scale down or cease an existing process. The types of improvisational handling differed depending on the discretion of involved actors in terms of the extent to which the tasks, methods and/or results were given beforehand. These types of improvisational handling resulted in temporary solutions that may become permanent after the pandemic. The framework and model proposed in the article can be used as a tool to analyse and learn from the changes in work practices that have been set in motion during the pandemic. Such learning may improve the ability to cope with future extensive crises and other rapid change situations. © The Author(s) 2022.
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| 25. |
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