| 1. |
- Ranta, Susanna, et al.
(author)
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Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support in Children With Hematologic Malignancies in Sweden
- 2021
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In: Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1077-4114 .- 1536-3678. ; 43:2, s. e272-e275
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is used in severe respiratory and/or circulatory failure when conventional critical care fails. Studies on patients with hematologic malignancies on ECMO have shown contradictory results; immunosuppression and coagulopathy are relative contraindications to ECMO.Observations: This nationwide Swedish retrospective chart review identified 958 children with hematologic malignancies of whom 12 (1.3%) required ECMO support. Eight patients survived ECMO, 7 the total intensive care period, and 6 survived the underlying malignancy.Conclusions: ECMO may be considered in children with hematologic malignancy. Short-term and long-term survival, in this limited group, was similar to that of children on ECMO at large.
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| 2. |
- Ranta, Susanna, et al.
(author)
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Icu admission in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in sweden: Prevalence, outcome, and risk factors
- 2021
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In: Pediatric Critical Care Medicine. - Philadelphia, PA, United States : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1529-7535 .- 1947-3893. ; 22:12, s. 1050-1060
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Despite progress in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, severe complications are common, and the need of supportive care is high. We explored the cumulative prevalence, clinical risk factors, and outcomes of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, on first-line leukemia treatment in the ICUs in Sweden.DESIGN: A nationwide prospective register and retrospective chart review study.SETTING: Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were identified,and demographic and clinical data were obtained from the Swedish Childhood Cancer Registry. Data on intensive care were collected from the Swedish Intensive Care Registry. Data on patients with registered ICU admission in the Swedish Childhood Cancer Registry were supplemented through questionnaires to the pediatric oncology centers.PATIENTS: All 637 children 0-17.9 years old with acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosed between June 2008 and December 2016 in Sweden were included.INTERVENTIONS: None.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-eight percent of the children (178/637) were admitted to an ICU at least once. The Swedish Intensive Care Registry data were available for 96% of admissions (241/252). An ICU admission was associated with poor overall survival (hazard ratio, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.97-5.36; p ≤ 0.0001). ICU admissions occurred often during early treatment; 48% (85/178) were admitted to the ICU before the end of the first month of acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment (induction therapy). Children with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia or CNS leukemia had a higher risk of being admitted to the ICU in multivariable analyses, both for early admissions before the end of induction therapy and for all admissions during the study period.CONCLUSIONS: The need for intensive care in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, especially for children with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and CNS leukemia, is high with most admissions occurring during early treatment.
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| 3. |
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| 5. |
- Berner, Jonas
(author)
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The role of substance P in respiratory control in the newborn : effects of morphine and nicotine
- 2008
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We breathe in order to maintain oxygen, carbon dioxide and pH levels within the physiological range in response to the metabolic demands of the body. To achieve this, the respiratory control system is dependent on input from peripheral and/ central chemosensitive areas and on participation of different neuromodulator systems. This thesis focuses on the role of one of the neurotransmitters, substance P, involved in the complex and finely tuned control of respiration. It also explores how prenatal nicotine exposure affects the substance P-ergic system and the effects of morphine when this system is non-functional. To investigate if endogenously released substance P is necessary for the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) in the intact newborn rat pup (postnatal day five, P5) we used a neurokinin 1-receptor antagonist (RP67580) injected intracerebroventricularly. We could demonstrate that RP67580-treated animals displayed an altered HVR but normal respiration during normal conditions, indicating that endogenously released substance P is necessary for an adequate response to hypoxic stress. Furthermore, in situ hybridisation demonstrated that c-fos mRNA expression, used as a marker for neuronal activation, was decreased in respiration related areas in the brainstem in RP67580-treated animals, indicating structures involved in the perturbed HVR. We also used a transgenic mouse model (Tac1 -/-), lacking substance P and neurokinin A (NKA), to investigate the respiratory response to intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnic stress at P2-3 and at P8-10 to identify developmental changes. In vivo experiments, using flow-plethysmography, displayed an attenuated increase in tidal volume during intermittent hypoxia in transgenic mice, P8-10, whereas the younger animals did not differ from controls except from an altered breathing pattern with fewer apneas and more augmented inspiratory breaths with a pause during intermittent hypoxia. Brain-stem spinal cord preparations of P2-mice revealed that intermittent hypoxia did not induce an increase in burst frequency, reflecting long-term facilitation, in Tac1 -/- mice as displayed in controls. This was also manifested in vivo as an impaired augmentation of ventilation during posthypoxic periods. Furthermore, transgenic mice displayed a more prominent posthypoxic frequency decline in vivo and posthypoxic neuronal arrests appeared more often in vitro. In line with previous studies the hypercapnic response did not differ between strains, confirming that substance P is not involved. Thus, our results show that a functional substance P/NKA system is essential to generate an adequate respiratory response and that it is also involved in the plasticity of respiratory network during early development. Human sudden infant death victims have elevated levels of substance P-like immunoreactivity (-LI) in the brainstem and nicotine increases the risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) by up to four-fold. We could demonstrate elevated substance P-LI levels in the brainstem and alterations of the substance P-precursor, preprotachykinin A mRNA expression in carotid body and petrosal/jugular ganglia following prenatal nicotine exposure in newborn rat (P1). This may offer a biochemical link between nicotine exposure and SIDS. We also show an increase in morphine analgesia and reduced main (respiratory depression) and other side-effects in Tac1 -/- mice. Since morphine is a widely used analgetic drug, also in neonates, with a narrow therapeutic window, our result offers the possibility to decrease the activity of substance P/NK- receptor signalling and thereby improve the pharmacological potential of morphine. In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates the involvement of substance P in the HVR and plasticity of the respiratory network. Prenatal nicotine exposure severely affects the substance Pergic system, a possible underlying mechanism for SIDS. Furthermore, it offers a correlation between the functionality of the substance P-ergic system and the breathing disturbances seen in Rett syndrome.
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| 6. |
- Berner, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Dose optimisation of double-contrast barium enema examinations.
- 2010
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In: Radiation protection dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1742-3406 .- 0144-8420. ; 139:1-3, s. 388-392
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of the present work was to optimise the filtration and dose setting for double-contrast barium enema examinations using a Philips MultiDiagnost Eleva FD system. A phantom study was performed prior to a patient study. A CDRAD phantom was used in a study where copper and aluminium filtration, different detector doses and tube potentials were examined. The image quality was evaluated using the software CDRAD Analyser and the phantom dose was determined using the Monte Carlo-based software PCXMC. The original setting [100 % detector dose (660 nGy air kerma) and a total filtration of 3.5 mm Al, at 81 kVp] and two other settings identified by the phantom study (100 % detector dose and additional filtration of 1 mm Al and 0.2 mm Cu as well as 80 % detector dose and added filtration of 1 mm Al and 0.2 mm Cu) were included in the patient study. The patient study included 60 patients and up to 8 images from each patient. Six radiologists performed a visual grading characteristics study to evaluate the image quality. A four-step scale was used to judge the fulfillment of three image quality criteria. No overall statistical significant difference in image quality was found between the three settings (P > 0.05). The decrease in the effective dose for the settings in the patient study was 15 % when filtration was added and 34 % when both filtrations was added and detector dose was reduced. The study indicates that additional filtration of 1 mm Al and 0.2 mm Cu and a decrease in detector dose by 20 % from the original setting can be used in colon examinations with Philips MultiDiagnost Eleva FD to reduce the patient dose by 30 % without significantly affecting the image quality. For 20 exposures, this corresponds to a decrease in the effective dose from 1.6 to 1.1 mSv.
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| 9. |
- Björkman, Anne, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Tundra Trait Team: A database of plant traits spanning the tundra biome
- 2018
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In: Global Ecology and Biogeography. - : Wiley. - 1466-822X .- 1466-8238. ; 27:12, s. 1402-1411
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- © 2018 The Authors Global Ecology and Biogeography Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Motivation: The Tundra Trait Team (TTT) database includes field-based measurements of key traits related to plant form and function at multiple sites across the tundra biome. This dataset can be used to address theoretical questions about plant strategy and trade-offs, trait–environment relationships and environmental filtering, and trait variation across spatial scales, to validate satellite data, and to inform Earth system model parameters. Main types of variable contained: The database contains 91,970 measurements of 18 plant traits. The most frequently measured traits (>1,000 observations each) include plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf fresh and dry mass, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus content, leaf C:N and N:P, seed mass, and stem specific density. Spatial location and grain: Measurements were collected in tundra habitats in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, including Arctic sites in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Fennoscandia and Siberia, alpine sites in the European Alps, Colorado Rockies, Caucasus, Ural Mountains, Pyrenees, Australian Alps, and Central Otago Mountains (New Zealand), and sub-Antarctic Marion Island. More than 99% of observations are georeferenced. Time period and grain: All data were collected between 1964 and 2018. A small number of sites have repeated trait measurements at two or more time periods. Major taxa and level of measurement: Trait measurements were made on 978 terrestrial vascular plant species growing in tundra habitats. Most observations are on individuals (86%), while the remainder represent plot or site means or maximums per species. Software format: csv file and GitHub repository with data cleaning scripts in R; contribution to TRY plant trait database (www.try-db.org) to be included in the next version release.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Drobin, Kimi, et al.
(author)
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Targeted Analysis of Serum Proteins Encoded at Known Inflammatory Bowel Disease Risk Loci
- 2019
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In: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. - : Oxford University Press. - 1078-0998 .- 1536-4844. ; 25:2, s. 306-316
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Few studies have investigated the blood proteome of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We characterized the serum abundance of proteins encoded at 163 known IBD risk loci and tested these proteins for their biomarker discovery potential.Methods: Based on the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) antibody availability, 218 proteins from genes mapping at 163 IBD risk loci were selected. Targeted serum protein profiles from 49 Crohn's disease (CD) patients, 51 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, and 50 sex- and age-matched healthy individuals were obtained using multiplexed antibody suspension bead array assays. Differences in relative serum abundance levels between disease groups and controls were examined. Replication was attempted for CD-UC comparisons (including disease subtypes) by including 64 additional patients (33 CD and 31 UC). Antibodies targeting a potentially novel risk protein were validated by paired antibodies, Western blot, immuno-capture mass spectrometry, and epitope mapping.Results: By univariate analysis, 13 proteins mostly related to neutrophil, T-cell, and B-cell activation and function were differentially expressed in IBD patients vs healthy controls, 3 in CD patients vs healthy controls and 2 in UC patients vs healthy controls (q < 0.01). Multivariate analyses further differentiated disease groups from healthy controls and CD subtypes from UC (P < 0.05). Extended characterization of an antibody targeting a novel, discriminative serum marker, the laccase (multicopper oxidoreductase) domain containing 1 (LACC1) protein, provided evidence for antibody on-target specificity.Conclusions: Using affinity proteomics, we identified a set of IBD-associated serum proteins encoded at IBD risk loci. These candidate proteins hold the potential to be exploited as diagnostic biomarkers of IBD.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Holgersson, Ingemar, et al.
(author)
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Fingu—A Game to Support Children’s Development of Arithmetic Competence: Theory, Design and Empirical Research
- 2016
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In: International Perspectives on Teaching and Learning Mathematics with Virtual Manipulatives. - : Springer. - 9783319327181 ; , s. 123-145
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter aims at describing research on Fingu, a virtual manipulative housed in a game environment, which is designed to support young children’s learning and development of number concepts and flexible arithmetic competence. More specifically Fingu targets the understanding and mastering of the basic numbers 1–10 as part-whole relations, which according to the literature on early mathematics learning is critical for this development. In the chapter, we provide an overview of the theoretical grounding of the design, development and research of Fingu as well as the theoretical and practical design rationale and principles. We point out the potential of Fingu as a research platform and present examples of some of the empirical research conducted to demonstrate the learning potential of Fingu. Methodologically, the research adopts a design-based research approach. This approach combines theory-driven design of learning environments with empirical research in educational settings, in a series of iterations. In a first series of iterations, a computer game—the Number Practice Game—was designed and researched, based on phenomenographic theory and empirical studies. In a second series of iterations, Fingu was designed and researched, based on ecological psychology in a socio-cultural framing. The design trajectory of NPG/Fingu thus involves both theoretical development and (re)design and development of specific educational technologies.
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| 15. |
- Karlsson, Göran, 1954, et al.
(author)
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Agreed discoveries: students’ negotiations in a virtual laboratory experiment
- 2013
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In: Instructional Science. - Dordrecht : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0020-4277 .- 1573-1952. ; 41:3, s. 455-480
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents an analysis of the scientific reasoning of a dyad of secondary school students about the phenomenon of dissolution of gases in water as they work on this in a simulated laboratory experiment. A web-based virtual laboratory was developed to provide learners with the opportunity to examine the influence of physical factors on gas solubility in water. An evaluation process involving 180 students revealed that the concepts connected to the dissolution of gas in water caused problems for the students even after having experimented with the virtual laboratory. To investigate the nature of learners’ reasoning about the visualised events, 13 video-recorded groups of learners were analysed. This study follows the reasoning of one group that displayed a possibly productive way of solving the problem. The results address the students’ general difficulty of discovering something that they are conceptually unprepared for within the virtual laboratory. The analysis shows how the students eventually found a way out of their dilemma by making an analogy with other dissolving processes. In effect, the analysis elucidates some of the analytical work that had to be done by the participants when collaboratively negotiating a shared meaning of a scientific concept in concord with a given task and set of instructional materials. Implications for design might be to provide the learning material with explicit hints that enable students to connect to specific phenomena related to the one investigated concept. The findings show the usefulness of video analytic research, informed by CA and ethnomethodology. This analytical framework can support design processes and provide useful information, which might identify hurdles to learning a scientific concept by simulated events and pathways to overcome these hurdles.
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| 16. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(author)
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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
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In: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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| 17. |
- Lindberg, Lisbeth, 1946, et al.
(author)
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Assessment in mathemathics teacher education
- 2011
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In: "Voices on learning and instruction in mathematics", editors: Jonas Emanuelsson, Laura Fainsilber, Johan Häggström, Angelika Kullberg, Berner Lindström, Madeleine Löwing. - Göteborg : University of Gothenburg. - 9789185143207 ; , s. 331-350
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Authentic tasks can promote higher-order learning. In the student task discussed in this paper the student teachers developed, tried, graded, discussed and revised mathematics test questions, in connection to an amusement park visit. The task was designed in an effort to bring the teacher educators in the mathematics and educational departments and those in the schools closer to each other through participation in a joint project, which was part of the "VFU" - the time that student teachers spend in school as part of the subject studies. The task involved different aspects of authenticity, both in the mathematics questions created in and in the creation of questions.Qualities in students' problems are discussed, and also student reflections on pupil and teacher reactions in relation to the authentic contexts. Traditional textbook problems were found to have a strong influence, as evidenced by many of the student-created problems and some of the supervisor reactions. Students' descriptions of teacher comments indicated that these focused more on classroom management than on mathematics content, consistent with traditional expectations on the VFU.
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| 18. |
- Linderoth, Jonas, 1970, et al.
(author)
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Electronic Exaggerations and Virtual Worries – Mapping research of computer games relevant to the understanding of children’s game play
- 2002
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In: Contempory Issues in Early Childhood. - : SAGE Publications. - 1463-9491. ; 3:2, s. 226-250
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There can be no doubt that computer games are artefacts with an increasing importance for our culture. Game design is one of the prime movers for the development of information technology and is leading the way for other sectors. Computer games have brought us cultural activities that were technically impossible before. We now have the possibility to manipulate and interact with people from all over the world in a virtual game space constituted of realistic photographic images. These new activities have created some uneasiness among educators, researchers, designers and parents who have raised a variety of arguments about the effects of computer games on childhood. Many have strong beliefs that the use of computer games can contribute to different aspects of children's development. On the other hand, there is an even stronger anxiety that computer games have negative social and cognitive effects on children. Even though this means that there is a clear need for research on the issue of computer games as a part of contemporary childhood, academic study in this area has been divided, with fragments of knowledge scattered over a wide field of different discourses and traditions. In this article, the authors seek to summarise and discuss some of the studies and theoretical arguments about children and computer games. In order to do this, they outline and sketch some of the different empirical findings and research traditions that they find relevant for the understanding of computer games as a part of childhood. The purpose of this is to contribute with an overview that can be utilised as a resource for educators, parents, designers and others who deal with matters concerning children and computer games.
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| 19. |
- Linderoth, Jonas, 1970, et al.
(author)
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Learning with computer games
- 2004
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In: J. Goldstein, D. Buckingham & G. Brougere (Eds.), Toys, games and media. - London : Lawrence Earlbaum. - 0805849033 ; , s. 157-176
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Sönnerhed, Wang Wei, 1968-
(author)
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Mathematics textbooks for teaching : An analysis of content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge concerning algebra in Swedish upper secondary education
- 2011
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In school algebra, using different methods including factorization to solve quadratic equations is one common teaching and learning topic at upper secondary school level. This study is about analyzing the algebra content related to solving quadratic equations and the method of factorization as presented in Swedish mathematics textbooks with subject matter content knowledge (CK) and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) as analytical tools. Mathematics textbooks as educational resources and artefacts are widely used in classroom teaching and learning. What is presented in a textbook is often taught by teachers in the classroom. Similarly, what is missing from the textbook may not be presented by the teacher. The study is based on an assumption that pedagogical content knowledge is embedded in the subject content presented in textbooks. Textbooks contain both subject content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge. The primary aim of the study is to explore what pedagogical content knowledge regarding solving quadratic equations that is embedded in mathematics textbooks. The secondary aim is to analyze the algebra content related to solving quadratic equations from the perspective of mathematics as a discipline in relation to algebra history. It is about what one can find in the textbook rather than how the textbook is used in the classroom. The study concerns a teaching perspective and is intended to contribute to the understanding of the conditions of teaching solving quadratic equations. The theoretical framework is based on Shulman’s concept pedagogical content knowledge and Mishra and Koehler’s concept content knowledge. The general theoretical perspective is based on Wartofsky’s artifact theory. The empirical material used in this study includes twelve mathematics textbooks in the mathematics B course at Swedish upper secondary schools. The study contains four rounds of analyses. The results of the first three rounds have set up a basis for a deep analysis of one selected textbook. The results show that the analyzed Swedish mathematics textbooks reflect the Swedish mathematics syllabus of algebra. It is found that the algebra content related to solving quadratic equations is similar in every investigated textbook. There is an accumulative relationship among all the algebra content with a final goal of presenting how to solve quadratic equations by quadratic formula, which implies that classroom teaching may focus on quadratic formula. Factorization method is presented for solving simple quadratic equations but not the general-formed quadratic equations. The study finds that the presentation of the algebra content related to quadratic equations in the selected textbook is organized by four geometrical models that can be traced back to the history of algebra. These four geometrical models are applied for illustrating algebra rules and construct an overall embedded teaching trajectory with five sub-trajectories. The historically related pedagogy and application of mathematics in both real world and pure mathematics contexts are the pedagogical content knowledge related to quadratic equations.
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| 23. |
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