| 1. |
- Chorell, Elin, et al.
(author)
-
A Multivariate Screening Strategy for Investigating Metabolic Effects of Strenuous Physical Exercise in Human Serum
- 2007
-
In: Journal of Proteome Research. - : American Chemical Society. - 1535-3893 .- 1535-3907. ; 6:6, s. 2113-2120
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A novel hypothesis-free multivariate screening methodology for the study of human exercise metabolism in blood serum is presented. Serum gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOFMS) data was processed using hierarchical multivariate curve resolution (H-MCR), and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to model the systematic variation related to the acute effect of strenuous exercise. Potential metabolic biomarkers were identified using data base comparisons. Extensive validation was carried out including predictive H-MCR, 7-fold full cross-validation, and predictions for the OPLS-DA model, variable permutation for highlighting interesting metabolites, and pairwise t tests for examining the significance of metabolites. The concentration changes of potential biomarkers were verified in the raw GC/TOFMS data. In total, 420 potential metabolites were resolved in the serum samples. On the basis of the relative concentrations of the 420 resolved metabolites, a valid multivariate model for the difference between pre- and post-exercise subjects was obtained. A total of 34 metabolites were highlighted as potential biomarkers, all statistically significant (p < 8.1E-05). As an example, two potential markers were identified as glycerol and asparagine. The concentration changes for these two metabolites were also verified in the raw GC/TOFMS data.The strategy was shown to facilitate interpretation and validation of metabolic interactions in human serum as well as revealing the identity of potential markers for known or novel mechanisms of human exercise physiology. The multivariate way of addressing metabolism studies can help to increase the understanding of the integrative biology behind, as well as unravel new mechanistic explanations in relation to, exercise physiology.
|
|
| 2. |
- Hjort, Rebecka, et al.
(author)
-
Physical Activity, Genetic Susceptibility, and the Risk of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults and Type 2 Diabetes
- 2020
-
In: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 105:11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: Physical activity (PA) has been linked to a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes by reducing weight and improving insulin sensitivity. We investigated whether PA is associated with a lower incidence of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and whether the association is modified by genotypes of human leukocyte antigen (HLA), transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2)-rs7903146, or the fat mass and obesity-associated gene, FTO-rs9939609. METHODS: We combined data from a Swedish case-control study and a Norwegian prospective study including 621 incident cases of LADA and 3596 cases of type 2 diabetes. We estimated adjusted pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% CI of diabetes in relation to high (≥ 30 minutes of moderate activity 3 times/week) self-reported leisure time PA, compared to sedentariness. RESULTS: High PA was associated with a reduced risk of LADA (RR 0.61; CI, 0.43-0.86), which was attenuated after adjustment for body mass index (BMI) (RR 0.90; CI, 0.63-1.29). The reduced risk applied only to noncarriers of HLA-DQB1 and -DRB1 (RR 0.49; CI, 0.33-0.72), TCF7L2 (RR 0.62; CI, 0.45-0.87), and FTO (RR 0.51; CI, 0.32-0.79) risk genotypes. Adjustment for BMI attenuated but did not eliminate these associations. For type 2 diabetes, there was an inverse association with PA (RR 0.49; CI, 0.42-0.56), irrespective of genotype. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that high PA is associated with a reduced risk of LADA in individuals without genetic susceptibility.
|
|
| 3. |
- Ullmark, Peter, et al.
(author)
-
Design & visuell kommunikation : examensbok 2010
- 2010
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Publiceras i samband med den första utexamineringen från kandidatprogrammet Design & Visuell Kommunikation på Malmö högskola. Boken innehåller artiklar om designforskning såväl som personliga presentationer av programmets studenter och deras examensarbeten eller portfolios. Boken definierar vad Design & Visuell Kommunikation står för i studenternas mening.
|
|
| 4. |
- Wahlgren, Weixiao Yuan, 1970, et al.
(author)
-
Substrate-bound outward-open structure of a Na+-coupled sialic acid symporter reveals a new Na+ site.
- 2018
-
In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 9:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Many pathogenic bacteria utilise sialic acids as an energy source or use them as an external coating to evade immune detection. As such, bacteria that colonise sialylated environments deploy specific transporters to mediate import of scavenged sialic acids. Here, we report a substrate-bound 1.95Å resolution structure and subsequent characterisation of SiaT, a sialic acid transporter from Proteus mirabilis. SiaT is a secondary active transporter of the sodium solute symporter (SSS) family, which use Na+ gradients to drive the uptake of extracellular substrates. SiaT adopts the LeuT-fold and is in an outward-open conformation in complex with the sialic acid N-acetylneuraminic acid and two Na+ ions. One Na+ binds to the conserved Na2 site, while the second Na+ binds to a new position, termed Na3, which is conserved in many SSS family members. Functional and molecular dynamics studies validate the substrate-binding site and demonstrate that both Na+ sites regulate N-acetylneuraminic acid transport.
|
|
| 5. |
- Aili, Margareta, et al.
(author)
-
Regulation of Yersinia Yop-effector delivery by translocated YopE
- 2008
-
In: International Journal of Medical Microbiology. - : Elsevier. - 1438-4221 .- 1618-0607. ; 298:3-4, s. 183-192
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The bacterial pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis uses a type III secretion (T3S) system to translocate Yop effectors into eukaryotic cells. Effectors are thought to gain access to the cytosol via pores formed in the host cell plasma membrane. Translocated YopE can modulate this pore formation through its GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity. In this study, we analysed the role of translocated YopE and all the other known Yop effectors in the regulation of effector translocation. Elevated levels of Yop effector translocation into HeLa cells occurred by YopE-defective strains, but not those defective for other Yop effectors. Only Yersinia devoid of YopK exhibits a similar hyper-translocation phenotype. Since both yopK and yopE mutants also failed to down-regulate Yop synthesis in the presence of eukaryotic cells, these data imply that translocated YopE specifically regulates subsequent effector translocation by Yersinia through at least one mechanism that involves YopK. We suggest that the GAP activity of YopE might be working as an intra-cellular probe measuring the amount of protein translocated by Yersinia during infection. This may be a general feature of T3S-associated GAP proteins, since two homologues from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, exoenzyme S (ExoS) and exoenzyme T (ExoT), can complement the hyper-translocation phenotypes of the yopE GAP mutant.
|
|
| 6. |
- Allvin, Helen, et al.
(author)
-
Characteristics of Finnish and Swedish intensive care nursing narratives : a comparative analysis to support the development of clinical language technologies
- 2011
-
In: Journal of Biomedical Semantics. - 2041-1480. ; 2:S1, s. 1-11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Free text is helpful for entering information into electronic health records, but reusing it is a challenge. The need for language technology for processing Finnish and Swedish healthcare text is therefore evident; however, Finnish and Swedish are linguistically very dissimilar. In this paper we present a comparison of characteristics in Finnish and Swedish free-text nursing narratives from intensive care. This creates a framework for characterising and comparing clinical text and lays the groundwork for developing clinical language technologies. Methods: Our material included daily nursing narratives from one intensive care unit in Finland and one in Sweden. Inclusion criteria for patients were an inpatient period of least five days and an age of at least 16 years. We performed a comparative analysis as part of a collaborative effort between Finnish- and Swedish-speaking healthcare and language technology professionals that included both qualitative and quantitative aspects. The qualitative analysis addressed the content and structure of three average- sized health records from each country. In the quantitative analysis 514 Finnish and 379 Swedish health records were studied using various language technology tools. Results: Although the two languages are not closely related, nursing narratives in Finland and Sweden had many properties in common. Both made use of specialised jargon and their content was very similar. However, many of these characteristics were challenging regarding development of language technology to support producing and using clinical documentation. Conclusions: The way Finnish and Swedish intensive care nursing was documented, was not country or language dependent, but shared a common context, principles and structural features and even similar vocabulary elements. Technology solutions are therefore likely to be applicable to a wider range of natural languages, but they need linguistic tailoring. Availability: The Finnish and Swedish data can be found at: http://www.dsv.su.se/ hexanord/data/
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Axén, Elin, et al.
(author)
-
Degree of Preservation of Neurovascular Bundles in Radical Prostatectomy and Recurrence of Prostate Cancer
- 2021
-
In: European Urology Open Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-1691 .- 2666-1683. ; 30, s. 25-33
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Reports on possible benefits for continence with nerve-sparing (NS) radical prostatectomy have expanded the indications beyond preservation of erectile function. It is unclear whether NS surgery affects oncological outcomes. Objective: To determine whether the degree of NS during radical prostatectomy influences oncological outcomes. Design, setting, and participants: Of 4003 patients enrolled in a prospective, controlled trial comparing open and robotic radical prostatectomy during 2008–2011, we evaluated 2401 patients who received robotic radical prostatectomy at seven Swedish centres. Patients were followed for 8 yr. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Data for recurrence and positive surgical margin status were assessed using validated patient questionnaires, patient interviews, and clinical record forms before and at 3, 12, and 24 mo and 6 and 8 yr after surgery. Cox and logistic regressions were used to model the effect on recurrence and positive surgical margins (PSM), respectively. Results and limitations: A total of 481 men had PSM and 467 experienced recurrence during follow-up. Median follow-up for men without recurrence was 6.6 yr. There were no statistically significant differences in recurrence rate between degrees of NS. The PSM rate was significantly higher with a higher degree of NS: interfascial NS, odds ratio (OR) 2.32 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.69–3.16); intrafascial NS, OR 3.23 (95% CI 2.17–4.80). Recurrence rates were higher for patients with pT2 disease and PSM (hazard ratio [HR] 3.32, 95% CI 2.43–4.53) than for patients with pT3 disease without PSM (HR 2.08, 95% CI 1.66–2.62). The lack of central review of pathological specimens is a limitation. Conclusions: A higher degree of NS significantly increased the risk of PSM but did not significantly increase the risk of cancer recurrence. Combined with the known functional benefits of NS surgery, these results underscore the need to identify an individualised balance. Patient summary: In this report we looked at the effect of a nerve-sparing approach during removal of the prostate on cancer outcomes for patients having robot-assisted surgery at seven Swedish hospitals. We found that a high degree of nerve-sparing increased the rate of cancer positivity at the margins of surgical specimens and that positive surgical margins increased the risk of recurrence of prostate cancer. © 2021 The Authors
|
|
| 10. |
- Bauters, Marijn, et al.
(author)
-
Contrasting nitrogen fluxes in African tropical forests of the Congo Basin
- 2019
-
In: Ecological Monographs. - : Wiley. - 0012-9615 .- 1557-7015. ; 89:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The observation of high losses of bioavailable nitrogen (N) and N richness in tropical forests is paradoxical with an apparent lack of N input. Hence, the current concept asserts that biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) must be a major N input for tropical forests. However, well-characterized N cycles are rare and geographically biased; organic N compounds are often neglected and soil gross N cycling is not well quantified. We conducted comprehensive N input and output measurements in four tropical forest types of the Congo Basin with contrasting biotic (mycorrhizal association) and abiotic (lowland–highland) environments. In 12 standardized setups, we monitored N deposition, throughfall, litterfall, leaching, and export during one hydrological year and completed this empirical N budget with nitrous oxide (N2O) flux measurement campaigns in both wet and dry season and insitu gross soil N transformations using 15N-tracing and numerical modeling. We found that all forests showed a very tight soil N cycle, with gross mineralization to immobilization ratios (M/I) close to 1 and relatively low gross nitrification to mineralization ratios (N/M). This was in line with the observation of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) dominating N losses for the most abundant, arbuscular mycorrhizal associated, lowland forest type, but in contrast with high losses of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in all other forest types. Altogether, our observations show that different forest types in central Africa exhibit N fluxes of contrasting magnitudes and N-species composition. In contrast to many Neotropical forests, our estimated N budgets of central African forests are imbalanced by a higher N input than output, with organic N contributing significantly to the input-output balance. This suggests that important other losses that are unaccounted for (e.g., NOx and N2 as well as particulate N) might play a major role in the N cycle of mature African tropical forests.
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Becker, Elin, 1981, et al.
(author)
-
In Situ Spectroscopic Investigation of Low-Temperature Oxidation of Methane over Alumina-Supported Platinum during Periodic Operation
- 2011
-
In: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 115:4, s. 944-951
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Methane oxidation over Pt/Al2O3 at transient inlet-gas conditions was studied in situ using synchronous energy dispersive X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The employed combination of experimental techniques allows for simultaneous analysis of the electronic state of platinum, surface coverage of reaction intermediates/products, and catalytic activity/selectivity, respectively. By cycling of the feed gas composition between net-oxidizing and net-reducing conditions, the activity for methane oxidation can be increased as compared to continuous net-oxidizing conditions. Using the white-line area of time-resolved X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectra, a quantitative estimation of the surface O/Pt ratio indicates the formation of an inhomogeneous surface oxide on the platinum crystallites during reaction. The obtained temporary high activity can be explained through Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics and may result either from the formation of a partially oxidized platinum surface that is more effective for methane dissociation or, more likely, from a period with more reactive chemisorbed oxygen prior to oxide formation.
|
|
| 13. |
- Becker, Elin, 1981, et al.
(author)
-
Methane oxidation over alumina and ceria supported platinum
- 2009
-
In: Topics in Catalysis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1572-9028 .- 1022-5528. ; 52:13-20, s. 1957-1961
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Oxidation of methane over Pt/Al(2)O(3) and Pt/CeO(2) catalysts was studied by transient gas-flow reactor and in situ FTIR spectroscopy experiments. The Pt/CeO(2) catalyst is generally more active, indicating more efficient CH(4) dissociation, especially during oxygen pulsing, which likely is connected to the higher oxygen storage capacity/mobility of ceria.
|
|
| 14. |
- Becker, Elin, 1981, et al.
(author)
-
Methane oxidation over alumina supported platinum investigated by time-resolved in situ XANES spectroscopy
- 2007
-
In: Journal of Catalysis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9517 .- 1090-2694. ; 252:1, s. 11-17
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In situ time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy and mass spectrometry were used to correlate changes in catalyst surface composition with catalytic activity for methane oxidation over alumina supported Pt. Different transient experiments (i.e., pulsing of oxygen or hydrogen to an otherwise constant gas composition) were performed to study the methane oxidation kinetics. Changes in the surface O/Pt ratio were monitored by the introduction of a new analysis method of the white line area corresponding to the Pt L-III-edge XANES spectra. The relevance of the method was confirmed by first-principles calculations demonstrating how hydrogen and oxygen adsorbates modify the electronic structure of Pt. The experimental results show that during the gas-phase transients, the surface O/Pt ratio changes, which in turn affects the methane oxidation rate. Activity maxima are observed for an intermediate surface O/Pt ratio. An oxygen-rich surface seems to hinder the dissociative adsorption of methane, leading to low methane oxidation activity at oxygen excess.
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(author)
-
A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
-
In: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
|
|
| 17. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(author)
-
A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
-
In: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
|
|
| 18. |
- Cansby, Emmelie, 1984, et al.
(author)
-
Increased expression of STK25 leads to impaired glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity in mice challenged with a high-fat diet.
- 2013
-
In: FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. - : Wiley. - 1530-6860. ; 27:9, s. 3660-3671
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Partial depletion of serine/threonine protein kinase 25 (STK25), a member of the Ste20 superfamily of kinases, increases lipid oxidation and glucose uptake in rodent myoblasts. Here we show that transgenic mice overexpressing STK25, when challenged with a high-fat diet, develop reduced glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity compared to wild-type siblings, as evidenced by impairment in glucose and insulin tolerance tests as well as in euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp studies. The fasting plasma insulin concentration was elevated in Stk25 transgenic mice compared to wild-type littermates (4.9±0.8 vs. 2.6±0.4 ng/ml after 17 wk on high-fat diet, P<0.05). Overexpression of STK25 decreased energy expenditure during the dark phase of observation (P<0.05), despite increased spontaneous activity. The oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle of transgenic carriers was reduced, as evidenced by altered expression of Cpt1, Acox1, and ACC. Hepatic triglycerides and glycogen were elevated (1.6- and 1.4-fold, respectively; P<0.05) and expression of key enzymes regulating lipogenesis (Fasn), glycogen synthesis (Gck), and gluconeogenesis (G6pc, Fbp1) was increased in the liver of the transgenic mice. Our findings suggest that overexpression of STK25 in conditions of excess dietary fuels associates with a shift in the metabolic balance in peripheral tissues from lipid oxidation to storage, leading to a systemic insulin resistance.-Cansby, E., Amrutkar, M., Mannerås Holm, L., Nerstedt, A., Reyahi, A., Stenfeldt, E., Borén, J., Carlsson, P., Smith, U., Zierath, J.R., Mahlapuu, M. Increased expression of STK25 leads to impaired glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity in mice challenged with a high-fat diet.
|
|
| 19. |
- Carlsson, Anders, et al.
(author)
-
Molecular serum portraits in patients with primary breast cancer predict the development of distant metastases.
- 2011
-
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490 .- 0027-8424. ; 108:34, s. 14252-14257
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The risk of distant recurrence in breast cancer patients is difficult to assess with current clinical and histopathological parameters, and no validated serum biomarkers currently exist. Using a recently developed recombinant antibody microarray platform containing 135 antibodies against 65 mainly immunoregulatory proteins, we screened 240 sera from 64 patients with primary breast cancer. This unique longitudinal sample material was collected from each patient between 0 and 36 mo after the primary operation. The velocity for each serum protein was determined by comparing the samples collected at the primary operation and then 3-6 mo later. A 21-protein signature was identified, using leave-one-out cross-validation together with a backward elimination strategy in a training cohort. This signature was tested and evaluated subsequently in an independent test cohort (prevalidation). The risk of developing distant recurrence after primary operation could be assessed for each patient, using her molecular portraits. The results from this prevalidation study showed that patients could be classified into high- versus low-risk groups for developing metastatic breast cancer with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.85. This risk assessment was not dependent on the type of adjuvant therapy received by the patients. Even more importantly, we demonstrated that this protein signature provided an added value compared with conventional clinical parameters. Consequently, we present here a candidate serum biomarker signature able to classify patients with primary breast cancer according to their risk of developing distant recurrence, with an accuracy outperforming current procedures.
|
|
| 20. |
- Carlsson, Beatrice, et al.
(author)
-
The G428A nonsense mutation in FUT2 provides strong but not absolute protection against symptomatic GII.4 Norovirus infection. : Novel GII.4 disease pattern
- 2009
-
In: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 4:5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In November 2004, 116 individuals in an elderly nursing home in El Grao de Castellón, Spain were symptomatically infected with genogroup II.4 (GII.4) norovirus. The global attack rate was 54.2%. Genotyping of 34 symptomatic individuals regarding the FUT2 gene revealed that one patient was, surprisingly, a non-secretor, hence indicating secretor-independent infection. Lewis genotyping revealed that Lewis-positive and negative individuals were susceptible to symptomatic norovirus infection indicating that Lewis status did not predict susceptibility. Saliva based ELISA assays were used to determine binding of the outbreak virus to saliva samples. Saliva from a secretor-negative individual bound the authentic outbreak GII.4 Valencia/2004/Es virus, but did not in contrast to secretor-positive saliva bind VLP of other strains including the GII.4 Dijon strain. Amino acid comparison of antigenic A and B sites located on the external loops of the P2 domain revealed distinct differences between the Valencia/2004/Es and Dijon strains. All three aa in each antigenic site as well as 10/11 recently identified evolutionary hot spots, were unique in the Valencia/2004/Es strain compared to the Dijon strain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of symptomatic GII.4 norovirus infection of a Le(a+b-) individual homozygous for the G428A nonsense mutation in FUT2. Taken together, our study provides new insights into the host genetic susceptibility to norovirus infections and evolution of the globally dominating GII.4 viruses.
|
|
| 21. |
- Carlsson, Elin, et al.
(author)
-
In vitro and in vivo response to low-modulus PMMA-based bone cement
- 2015
-
In: BioMed Research International. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2314-6133 .- 2314-6141.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The high stiffness of acrylic bone cements has been hypothesized to contribute to the increased number of fractures encountered after vertebroplasty, which has led to the development of low-modulus cements. However, there is no data available on the in vivo biocompatibility of any low-modulus cement. In this study, the in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo biocompatibility of two types of low-modulus acrylic cements, one modified with castor oil and one with linoleic acid, were evaluated using human osteoblast-like cells and a rodent model, respectively. While the in vitro cytotoxicity appeared somewhat affected by the castor oil and linoleic acid additions, no difference could be found in the in vivo response to these cements in comparison to the base, commercially available cement, in terms of histology and flow cytometry analysis of the presence of immune cells. Furthermore, the in vivo radiopacity of the cements appeared unaltered. While these results are promising, the mechanical behavior of these cements in vivo remains to be investigated.
|
|
| 22. |
- Carlsson, Elin, et al.
(author)
-
Influence of Module Order on Rule-Based De-identification of Personal Names in Electronic Patient Records Written in Swedish
- 2010
-
In: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC 2010, Valletta, Malta, May 19-21, 2010. - : European Language Resources Association (ELRA). ; , s. 3442-3446
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Electronic patient records (EPRs) are a valuable resource for research but for confidentiality reasons they cannot be used freely. In order to make EPRs available to a wider group of researchers, sensitive information such as personal names has to be removed. Deidentification is a process that makes this possible. Both rule-based as well as statistical and machine learning based methods exist to perform de-identification, but the second method requires annotated training material which exists only very sparsely for patient names. It is therefore necessary to use rule-based methods for de-identification of EPRs. Not much is known, however, about the order in which the various rules should be applied and how the different rules influence precision and recall. This paper aims to answer this research question by implementing and evaluating four common rules for de-identification of personal names in EPRs written in Swedish: (1) dictionary name matching, (2) title matching, (3) common words filtering and (4) learning from previous modules. The results show that to obtain the highest recall and precision, the rules should be applied in the following order: title matching, common words filtering and dictionary name matching.
|
|
| 23. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1986-, et al.
(author)
-
Demokratiska beslut i coronatider : Digitala verktyg för att ställa om snarare än ställa in
- 2021
-
In: Statsvetenskaplig Tidskrift. - Lund : Fahlbeckska Stiftelsen. - 0039-0747. ; :5, s. 431-449
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The municipalities provide the bulk of the welfare services in Sweden and depend on local council decisions to be made for the function of the welfare provision. Since the outbreak of the global covid-19 pandemic, the local governments have been forced to find new digital forms for making decisions in a covid-safe manner. In this article, we focus on the municipal council level and explore how they have dealt with the pandemic to be able to make decisions and what implications that might have for the democratic arena and local leadership of municipal councils. From March to November in 2020, we conducted 41 interviews with council chairmen, vice-chairmen and local party secretaries. We found that the municipal councils used different strategies to cope with the pandemic including decreasing municipal council size, de-prioritizing matters of political nature, moving to larger meeting rooms and introducing digital meeting participation tools. The introduction of digital meeting tools has according to the interviews challenged the democratic processes in several ways. We found the ability to participate is conditioned by individual competence to handle digital tools and there are differences in individual competences as well as local municipal capacity for digital support. Our conclusion is that there is a need to further support municipalities competences and resources to lead with digital tools. In addition, the study shows demands for more national guidelines and norms on how to manage digital council meetings and sustain local democracy in a digital era.
|
|
| 24. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1986-, et al.
(author)
-
Kompetenser att leda digitalisering i kommuner : en intervjustudie med politiker och tjänstepersoner i relation till SKR:s kompetenslyft
- 2021
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Idag gör vi en mängd aktiviteter digitalt, som att betala parkeringsavgifter, söka information om återvinningsstationens öppettider, förnya recept och boka tider i vården. Alla dessa nya sätt för medborgare att ha kontakt med kommuner och regioner utmanar även hur kommunala och regionala verksamheter ledes. Än mer digitala har vi blivit i och med nedstängningarna med anledning av pandemin. Därför har det varit så intressant att få arbeta tillsammans med SKR kring kompetenslyftet för digitalisering i kommuner och regioner under denna period.Vårt samarbete inleddes hösten 2018 när vi i forskargruppen DINO – Digitalisering i Nya Offentligheter – fick en fråga från Anders Nordh vid dåvarande SKL om att göra en mindre intervjustudie kring kommunala ledares kompetenser att leda för digitalisering. Vi grundade arbetet i en översikt av forskning kring hur kommunala ledare styr och utveckla digitalisering sina verksamheter. Flera av oss i forskargruppen har sedan dess på olika sätt bidragit till SKR:s kompetenslyft vid föreläsningar på plats och digitalt, med inspelade föreläsningar och genom att resonera om och utveckla upplägget på kompetenslyftsaktiviteter. När vi mött kommunala ledare har vi även samlat in deras reflektioner och svar på frågor om hur de leder digitaliseringen. Därtill har vi i gruppen gjort flera uppföljande intervjuer. I den här rapporten analyserar vi och presenterar våra resultat, samt sammanfattar våra slutsatser och diskuterar våra erfarenheter om vad kommunala ledare kan lära sig av arbetet.Vi tackar SKR och alla er som deltagit i utbildningarna och svarat på våra frågor för ett gott samarbete. Vi hoppas att vi på nya sätt kan fortsätta att växa och utveckla våra kompetenser att leda för digitalisering.
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
