| 1. |
- Kanai, M, et al.
(author)
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- 2023
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
- Bravo, L, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 3. |
- Tabiri, S, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 4. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Murari, A., et al.
(author)
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A control oriented strategy of disruption prediction to avoid the configuration collapse of tokamak reactors
- 2024
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In: Nature Communications. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 15:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objective of thermonuclear fusion consists of producing electricity from the coalescence of light nuclei in high temperature plasmas. The most promising route to fusion envisages the confinement of such plasmas with magnetic fields, whose most studied configuration is the tokamak. Disruptions are catastrophic collapses affecting all tokamak devices and one of the main potential showstoppers on the route to a commercial reactor. In this work we report how, deploying innovative analysis methods on thousands of JET experiments covering the isotopic compositions from hydrogen to full tritium and including the major D-T campaign, the nature of the various forms of collapse is investigated in all phases of the discharges. An original approach to proximity detection has been developed, which allows determining both the probability of and the time interval remaining before an incoming disruption, with adaptive, from scratch, real time compatible techniques. The results indicate that physics based prediction and control tools can be developed, to deploy realistic strategies of disruption avoidance and prevention, meeting the requirements of the next generation of devices.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Keller, P. S., et al.
(author)
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Global CO2 emissions from dry inland waters share common drivers across ecosystems
- 2020
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In: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Many inland waters exhibit complete or partial desiccation, or have vanished due to global change, exposing sediments to the atmosphere. Yet, data on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from these sediments are too scarce to upscale emissions for global estimates or to understand their fundamental drivers. Here, we present the results of a global survey covering 196 dry inland waters across diverse ecosystem types and climate zones. We show that their CO2 emissions share fundamental drivers and constitute a substantial fraction of the carbon cycled by inland waters. CO2 emissions were consistent across ecosystem types and climate zones, with local characteristics explaining much of the variability. Accounting for such emissions increases global estimates of carbon emissions from inland waters by 6% (~0.12 Pg C y−1). Our results indicate that emissions from dry inland waters represent a significant and likely increasing component of the inland waters carbon cycle.
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| 14. |
- Xenopoulos, Marguerite A., et al.
(author)
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How humans alter dissolved organic matter composition in freshwater: relevance for the Earth’s biogeochemistry
- 2021
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In: Biogeochemistry. - : Springer Nature. - 0168-2563 .- 1573-515X. ; 154:2, s. 323-348
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is recognized for its importance in freshwater ecosystems, but historical reliance on DOM quantity rather than indicators of DOM composition has led to an incomplete understanding of DOM and an underestimation of its role and importance in biogeochemical processes. A single sample of DOM can be composed of tens of thousands of distinct molecules. Each of these unique DOM molecules has their own chemical properties and reactivity or role in the environment. Human activities can modify DOM composition and recent research has uncovered distinct DOM pools laced with human markers and footprints. Here we review how land use change, climate change, nutrient pollution, browning, wildfires, and dams can change DOM composition which in turn will affect internal processing of freshwater DOM. We then describe how human-modified DOM can affect biogeochemical processes. Drought, wildfires, cultivated land use, eutrophication, climate change driven permafrost thaw, and other human stressors can shift the composition of DOM in freshwater ecosystems increasing the relative contribution of microbial-like and aliphatic components. In contrast, increases in precipitation may shift DOM towards more relatively humic-rich, allochthonous forms of DOM. These shifts in DOM pools will likely have highly contrasting effects on carbon outgassing and burial, nutrient cycles, ecosystem metabolism, metal toxicity, and the treatments needed to produce clean drinking water. A deeper understanding of the links between the chemical properties of DOM and biogeochemical dynamics can help to address important future environmental issues, such as the transfer of organic contaminants through food webs, alterations to nitrogen cycling, impacts on drinking water quality, and biogeochemical effects of global climate change.
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| 15. |
- Birkby, J. L., et al.
(author)
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WTS-2 b: a hot Jupiter orbiting near its tidal destruction radius around a K dwarf
- 2014
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In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2966 .- 0035-8711. ; 440:2, s. 1470-1489
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report the discovery of WTS-2 b, an unusually close-in 1.02-d hot Jupiter (M-P = 1.12M(J), R-P = 1.30R(J)) orbiting a K2V star, which has a possible gravitationally bound M-dwarf companion at 0.6 arcsec separation contributing similar to 20 per cent of the total flux in the observed J-band light curve. The planet is only 1.5 times the separation from its host star at which it would be destroyed by Roche lobe overflow, and has a predicted remaining lifetime of just similar to 40 Myr, assuming a tidal dissipation quality factor of Q(*)' = 10(6).Q(*)' is a key factor in determining how frictional processes within a host star affect the orbital evolution of its companion giant planets, but it is currently poorly constrained by observations. We calculate that the orbital decay of WTS-2 b would correspond to a shift in its transit arrival time of T-shift similar to 17 s after 15 yr assuming Q(*)' = 10(6). A shift less than this would place a direct observational constraint on the lower limit of Q(*)' in this system. We also report a correction to the previously published expected T-shift for WASP-18 b, finding that T-shift = 356 s after 10 yr for Q(*)' = 10(6), which is much larger than the estimated 28 s quoted in WASP-18 b discovery paper. We attempted to constrain Q(*)' via a study of the entire population of known transiting hot Jupiters, but our results were inconclusive, requiring a more detailed treatment of transit survey sensitivities at long periods. We conclude that the most informative and straightforward constraints on Q(*)' will be obtained by direct observational measurements of the shift in transit arrival times in individual hot Jupiter systems. We show that this is achievable across the mass spectrum of exoplanet host stars within a decade, and will directly probe the effects of stellar interior structure on tidal dissipation.
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| 16. |
- Buist, Mirka, et al.
(author)
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Development and Validation of a Wearable Device to Provide Rich Somatosensory Stimulation for Rehabilitation After Sensorimotor Impairment
- 2023
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In: Ieee Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems. - 1932-4545. ; 17:3, s. 547-557
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Training sensory discrimination of the skin has the potential to reduce chronic pain due to sensorimotor impairments and increase sensorimotor function. Currently, there is no such device that can systematically provide rich skin stimulation suitable for a training protocol for individuals with amputation or major sensory impairment. This study describes the development and validation of a non-invasive wearable device meant to repeatedly and safely deliver somatosensory stimulations. The development was guided by a structured design control process to ensure the verifiability and validity of the design outcomes. Two sub-systems were designed: 1) a tactile display for touch and vibration sensations, and 2) a set of bands for sliding, pressure, and strain sensations. The device was designed with a versatile structure that allows for its application on different body parts. We designed a device-paired interactive computer program to enable structured sensory training sessions. Validation was performed with 11 individuals with intact limbs whose upper arm tactile sensitivity was measured over 5 training sessions. Tactile discrimination and perception threshold were measured using the standard 2-point discrimination and Semmes-Weinstein monofilament tests, respectively. The results of the monofilament test showed a significant improvement (p = 0.011), but the improvement was not significant for the 2-point discrimination test(p = 0.141). These promising results confirm the potential of the proposed training to increase the sensory acuity in the upper arms of individuals with intact limbs. Further studies will be conducted to determine how to transfer the findings of this work to improve the pain and/or functional rehabilitation in individuals with sensorimotor impairments.
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| 17. |
- Catalán, Núria, 1985-, et al.
(author)
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Behind the Scenes : mechanisms Regulating Climatic Patterns of Dissolved Organic Carbon Uptake in Headwater Streams
- 2018
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In: Global Biogeochemical Cycles. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0886-6236 .- 1944-9224. ; 32:10, s. 1528-1541
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Large variability in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) uptake rates has been reported for headwater streams, but the causes of this variability are still not well understood. Here we assessed acetate uptake rates across 11 European streams comprising different ecoregions by using whole-reach pulse acetate additions. We evaluated the main climatic and biogeochemical drivers of acetate uptake during two seasonal periods. Our results show a minor influence of sampling periods but a strong effect of climate and dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition on acetate uptake. In particular, mean annual precipitation explained half of the variability of the acetate uptake velocities (Vf(Acetate)) across streams. Temperate streams presented the lowest Vf(Acetate), together with humic-like DOM and the highest stream respiration rates. In contrast, higher Vf(Acetate) were found in semiarid streams, with protein-like DOM, indicating a dominance of reactive, labile compounds. This, together with lower stream respiration rates and molar ratios of DOC to nitrate, suggests a strong C limitation in semiarid streams, likely due to reduced inputs from the catchment. Overall, this study highlights the interplay of climate and DOM composition and its relevance to understand the biogeochemical mechanisms controlling DOC uptake in streams. Plain Language Summary Headwater streams receive and degrade organic carbon and nutrients from the surrounding catchments. That degradation can be assessed by measuring the uptake of simple compounds of carbon or nitrogen such as acetate or nitrate. Here we determine the variability in acetate and nitrate uptake rates across headwater streams and elucidate the mechanisms behind that variability. The balance between nutrients, the composition of the organic materials present in the streams, and the climatic background is at interplay.
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| 18. |
- Catalán, Núria, 1985-, et al.
(author)
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Effects of beaver impoundments on dissolved organic matter quality and biodegradability in boreal riverine systems
- 2017
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In: Hydrobiologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-8158 .- 1573-5117. ; 793:1, s. 135-148
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Beaver impoundments modify the structure of river reaches and lead to changes in ecosystem function and biogeochemical processes. Here, we assessed the changes in dissolved organic matter (DOM) quality and the biodegradation patterns in a set of beaver systems across Sweden. As the effect of beaver impoundments might be transient and local, we compared DOM quality and biodegradability of both pond and upstream sections of differentially aged beaver systems. Newly established dams shifted the sources and DOM biodegradability patterns. In particular, humic-like DOM, most likely leached from surrounding soils, characterized upstream sections of new beaver impoundments. In contrast, autochthonous and processed compounds, with both higher biodegradation rates and a broader spectrum of reactivities, differentiated DOM in ponds. DOM in recently established ponds seemed to be more humic and less processed compared to older ponds, but system idiosyncrasies determined by catchment particularities influenced this ageing effect.
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| 19. |
- Earley, Eric J., et al.
(author)
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Low-Cost, Wireless Bioelectric Signal Acquisition and Classification Platform
- 2024
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In: IEEE Access. - 2169-3536 .- 2169-3536. ; 12, s. 69350-69358
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bioelectric signal classification is a flourishing area of biomedical research, however conducting this research in a clinical setting can be difficult to achieve. The lack of inexpensive acquisition hardware can limit researchers from collecting and working with real-time data. Furthermore, hardware requiring direct connection to a computer can impose restrictions on typically mobile clinical settings for data collection. Here, we present an open-source ADS1299-based bioelectric signal acquisition system with wireless capability suitable for mobile data collection in clinical settings. This system is based on the ADS_BP and BioPatRec, both open-source bioelectric signal acquisition hardware and MATLAB-based pattern recognition software, respectively. We provide 3D-printable housing enabling the hardware to be worn by users during experiments and demonstrate the suitability of this platform for real-time signal acquisition and classification. In conjunction, these developments provide a unified hardware-software platform for a cost of around $150 USD. This device can enable researchers and clinicians to record bioelectric signals from able-bodied or motor-impaired individuals in laboratory or clinical settings, and to perform offline or real-time intent classification for the control of robotic and virtual devices.
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| 20. |
- Garcia-Benito, R., et al.
(author)
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CALIFA, the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area survey III. Second public data release
- 2015
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 576:A135
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper describes the Second Public Data Release (DR2) of the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area (CALIFA) survey. The data for 200 objects are made public, including the 100 galaxies of the First Public Data Release (DR1). Data were obtained with the integral-field spectrograph PMAS /PPak mounted on the 3.5 m telescope at the Calar Alto observatory. Two different spectral setups are available for each galaxy, (i) a low-resolution V500 setup covering the wavelength range 3745-7500 angstrom with a spectral resolution of 6.0 angstrom (FWHM); and (ii) a medium-resolution V1200 setup covering the wavelength range 3650-4840 angstrom with a spectral resolution of 2.3 angstrom (FWHM). The sample covers a redshift range between 0.005 and 0.03, with a wide range of properties in the color-magnitude diagram, stellar mass, ionization conditions, and morphological types. All the cubes in the data release were reduced with the latest pipeline, which includes improved spectrophotometric calibration, spatial registration, and spatial resolution. The spectrophotometric calibration is better than 6% and the median spatial resolution is 2 4. In total, the second data release contains over 1.5 million spectra.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Khong, L.M.D., et al.
(author)
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Multi-layer perceptron training algorithms for pattern recognition of myoelectric signals
- 2013
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In: BMEiCON 2013 - 6th Biomedical Engineering International Conference. - 9781479914678
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A challenge in using myoelectric signals in control of motorised prostheses is achieving effective signal pattern recognition and robust classification of intended motions. In this paper, the performance of Matlab's Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) backpropogation training algorithms in motion classification were assessed. The test and evaluation platform used was 'BioPatRec', a Matlab-based open-source prosthetic control development environment, together with algorithms sourced from Matlab's neural network toolbox. The algorithms were used to interpret multielectrode myoelectric signals for motion classification, with the aim of finding the best performing algorithm and network model. The results showed that Matlab's trainlm and trainrp algorithms could achieve a higher accuracy than other tested MLP training algorithms (94.13 ± 0.037% and 91.09 ± 0.047%, respectively). Discussion of these results investigates significant features to obtain the highest performance.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Ortiz Catalan, Max Jair, 1982, et al.
(author)
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Virtual Reality
- 2014
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In: Biosystems and Biorobotics. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 2195-3570 .- 2195-3562. - 9783642385551 ; 4, s. 249-265
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This chapter provides an overview on the use of Virtual Reality (VR) in rehabilitation with respect to recent neuroscience and physical therapy reviews of individuals with motor impairments. A wide range of technologies have been employed to provide rehabilitation supported by VR. Several studies have found evidence of the benefits of VR rehabilitation technologies. However, support for their efficacy is still limited due the lack of generalizable results and the uncoordinated effort of many individual, heterogeneous studies that have been conducted. Although VR has clear potential as a rehabilitation tool to improve treatment outcomes, future trials need to take into account the individual perspective of each patient group and consolidate research methodologies across trials to allow for stronger conclusions across the heterogeneous field of neurorehabilitation. Interventions must be designed with a strong focus on the patient’s needs and clinical outcomes, rather than on the technology available to the clinician.
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