| 1. |
- Tabiri, S, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
- Bravo, L, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 7. |
- Connor, J W, et al.
(author)
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High-m kink/tearing modes in cylindrical geometry
- 2014
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In: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6587 .- 0741-3335. ; 56:12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The global ideal kink equation, for cylindrical geometry and zero beta, is simplified in the high poloidal mode number limit and used to determine the tearing stability parameter, Δ'. In the presence of a steep monotonic current gradient, Δ' becomes a function of a parameter, σ0, characterising the ratio of the maximum current gradient to magnetic shear and xs, characterising the separation of the resonant surface from the maximum of the current gradient. In equilibria containing a current 'spike', so that there is a non-monotonic current profile, Δ' also depends on two parameters: κ, related to the ratio of the curvature of the current density at its maximum to the magnetic shear and xs, which now represents the separation of the resonance from the point of maximum current density. The relation of our results to earlier studies of tearing modes and to recent gyrokinetic calculations of current driven instabilities, is discussed, together with potential implications for the stability of the tokamak pedestal.
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| 11. |
- Catto, P. J., et al.
(author)
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Kinetic effects on a tokamak pedestal ion flow, ion heat transport and bootstrap current
- 2013
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In: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6587 .- 0741-3335. ; 55:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We consider the effects of a finite radial electric field on ion orbits in a subsonic pedestal. Using a procedure that makes a clear distinction between a transit average and a flux surface average we are able to solve the kinetic equation to retain the modifications due to finite E X B drift orbit departures from flux surfaces. Our approach properly determines the velocity space localized, as well as the nonlocal, portion of the ion distribution function in the banana and plateau regimes in the small aspect ratio limit. The rapid variation of the poloidal ion flow coefficient and the electrostatic potential in the total energy modify previous banana regime evaluations of the ion flow, the bootstrap current, and the radial ion heat flux in a subsonic pedestal. In the plateau regime, the rapid variation of the poloidal flow coefficient alters earlier results for the ion flow and bootstrap current, while leaving the ion heat flux unchanged since the rapid poloidal variation of the total energy was properly retained.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Holmberg, Lars, et al.
(author)
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A comparison of prostate cancer survival in England, Norway and Sweden : A population-based study
- 2012
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In: Cancer Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-7821 .- 1877-783X. ; 36:1, s. e7-e12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose The objective of the study was to compare patterns of survival 2001-2004 in prostate cancer patients from England, Norway and Sweden in relation to age and period of follow-up. Subjects and methods Excess mortality in men with prostate cancer was estimated using nation-wide cancer register data using a period approach for relative survival. 179,112 men in England, 23,192 in Norway and 59,697 in Sweden were included. Results In all age groups, England had the lowest survival, particularly so among men aged 80+. Overall age-standardised five-year survival was 76.4%, 80.3% and 83.0% for England, Norway and Sweden, respectively. The majority of the excess deaths in England were confined to the first year of follow-up. Conclusion The results indicate that a small but important group of older patients present at a late stage and succumb early to their cancers, possibly in combination with severe comorbidity, and this situation is more common in England than in Norway or Sweden.
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| 14. |
- Jeronimo, Carmen, et al.
(author)
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Epigenetics in Prostate Cancer: Biologic and Clinical Relevance
- 2011
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In: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7560 .- 0302-2838. ; 60:4, s. 753-766
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common human malignancies and arises through genetic and epigenetic alterations. Epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs (miRNA) and produce heritable changes in gene expression without altering the DNA coding sequence. Objective: To review progress in the understanding of PCa epigenetics and to focus upon translational applications of this knowledge. Evidence acquisition: PubMed was searched for publications regarding PCa and DNA methylation, histone modifications, and miRNAs. Reports were selected based on the detail of analysis, mechanistic support of data, novelty, and potential clinical applications. Evidence synthesis: Aberrant DNA methylation (hypo-and hypermethylation) is the best-characterized alteration in PCa and leads to genomic instability and inappropriate gene expression. Global and locus-specific changes in chromatin remodeling are implicated in PCa, with evidence suggesting a causative dysfunction of histone-modifying enzymes. MicroRNA deregulation also contributes to prostate carcinogenesis, including interference with androgen receptor signaling and apoptosis. There are important connections between common genetic alterations (eg, E twenty-six fusion genes) and the altered epigenetic landscape. Owing to the ubiquitous nature of epigenetic alterations, they provide potential biomarkers for PCa detection, diagnosis, assessment of prognosis, and post-treatment surveillance. Conclusions: Altered epigenetic gene regulation is involved in the genesis and progression of PCa. Epigenetic alterations may provide valuable tools for the management of PCa patients and be targeted by pharmacologic compounds that reverse their nature. The potential for epigenetic changes in PCa requires further exploration and validation to enable translation to the clinic. (C) 2011 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.
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| 15. |
- Martin, Neil E, et al.
(author)
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Defining a Standard Set of Patient-centered Outcomes for Men with Localized Prostate Cancer
- 2015
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In: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 67:3, s. 460-467
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Value-based health care has been proposed as a unifying force to drive improved outcomes and cost containment.OBJECTIVE: To develop a standard set of multidimensional patient-centered health outcomes for tracking, comparing, and improving localized prostate cancer (PCa) treatment value.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We convened an international working group of patients, registry experts, urologists, and radiation oncologists to review existing data and practices.OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The group defined a recommended standard set representing who should be tracked, what should be measured and at what time points, and what data are necessary to make meaningful comparisons. Using a modified Delphi method over a series of teleconferences, the group reached consensus for the Standard Set.RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: We recommend that the Standard Set apply to men with newly diagnosed localized PCa treated with active surveillance, surgery, radiation, or other methods. The Standard Set includes acute toxicities occurring within 6 mo of treatment as well as patient-reported outcomes tracked regularly out to 10 yr. Patient-reported domains of urinary incontinence and irritation, bowel symptoms, sexual symptoms, and hormonal symptoms are included, and the recommended measurement tool is the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite Short Form. Disease control outcomes include overall, cause-specific, metastasis-free, and biochemical relapse-free survival. Baseline clinical, pathologic, and comorbidity information is included to improve the interpretability of comparisons.CONCLUSIONS: We have defined a simple, easily implemented set of outcomes that we believe should be measured in all men with localized PCa as a crucial first step in improving the value of care.PATIENT SUMMARY: Measuring, reporting, and comparing identical outcomes across treatments and treatment centers will provide patients and providers with information to make informed treatment decisions. We defined a set of outcomes that we recommend being tracked for every man being treated for localized prostate cancer.
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| 16. |
- Boström, Peter J, et al.
(author)
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Genomic Predictors of Outcome in Prostate Cancer.
- 2015
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In: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7560 .- 0302-2838. ; 68:6, s. 1033-1044
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Given the highly variable behavior and clinical course of prostate cancer (PCa) and the multiple available treatment options, a personalized approach to oncologic risk stratification is important. Novel genetic approaches offer additional information to improve clinical decision making.
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| 17. |
- Catto, Peter J., et al.
(author)
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A unified treatment of kinetic effects in a tokamak pedestal
- 2011
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In: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6587 .- 0741-3335. ; 53, s. 054004-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We consider the effects of a finite pedestal radial electric field on ion orbits using a unified approach. We then employ these modified orbit results to retain finite E×B drift departures from flux surfaces in an improved drift-kinetic equation. The procedure allows us to make a clear distinction between transit averages and flux surface averages when solving this kinetic equation. The technique outlined here is intended to clarify and unify recent evaluations of the banana regime decrease and plateau regime alterations in the ion heat diffusivity; the reduction and possible reversal of the poloidal flow in the banana regime, and its augmentation in the plateau regime; the increase in the bootstrap current; and the enhancement of the residual zonal flow regulation of turbulence.
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| 18. |
- Catto, Peter J., et al.
(author)
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Axisymmetric global gravitational equilibrium for magnetized, rotating hot plasma
- 2015
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In: Journal of Plasma Physics. - 0022-3778 .- 1469-7807. ; 81:06, s. 515810603-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present analytic solutions for three-dimensional magnetized axisymmetric equilibria confining rotating hot plasma in a gravitational field. Our up–down symmetric solution to the full Grad–Shafranov equation can exhibit equatorial plane localization of the plasma density and current, resulting in disk equilibria for the plasma density. For very weak magnetic fields and high plasma pressure, we find strongly rotating thin plasma disk gravitational equilibria that satisfy strict Keplerian motion provided the gravitational energy is much larger than the plasma pressure, which must be large compared to the magnetic energy of the poloidal magnetic field. When the rotational energy exceeds the gravitational energy and it is larger than the plasma pressure, diffuse disk equilibrium solutions continue to exist provided the poloidal magnetic energy remains small. For stronger magnetic fields and lower plasma pressure and rotation, we can also find gravitational equilibria with strong localization to the equatorial plane. However, a toroidal magnetic field is almost always necessary to numerically verify these equilibria are valid solutions in the presence of gravity for the cases considered in Catto & Krasheninnikov (J. Plasma Phys., vol. 81, 2015, 105810301). In all cases both analytic and numerical results are presented.
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| 19. |
- Catto, Peter J., et al.
(author)
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Electromagnetic zonal flow residual responses
- 2017
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In: Journal of Plasma Physics. - 0022-3778 .- 1469-7807. ; 83:3, s. Article no 905830402-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The collisionless axisymmetric zonal flow residual calculation for a tokamak plasma is generalized to include electromagnetic perturbations. We formulate and solve the complete initial value zonal flow problem by retaining the fully self-consistent axisymmetric spatial perturbations in the electric and magnetic fields. Simple expressions for the electrostatic, shear and compressional magnetic residual responses are derived that provide a fully electromagnetic test of the zonal flow residual in gyrokinetic codes. Unlike the electrostatic potential, the parallel vector potential and the parallel magnetic field perturbations need not relax to flux functions for all possible initial conditions.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Catto, Peter J., et al.
(author)
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Three-dimensional magnetized and rotating hot plasma equilibrium and stability in a gravitational field
- 2015
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In: Europhysics Conference Abstracts. - 2914771983 ; 39E, s. O2.401-
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present analytic solutions for three-dimensional magnetized axisymmetric equilibria confining rotating hot plasma in a gravitational field. Our solution to the full Grad-Shafranov equation can exhibit strong equatorial plane localization of the plasma density and current, resulting in disk equilibria for the plasma density. Unlike in [P.J. Catto et al, 2015, J. Plasma Physics 81, 105810301], we find a toriodal magnetic field is necessary to find a equilibrium in the presence of gravity for most cases of interest. We expect our results to provide impetus to re-investigate magneto-rotational stability.
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| 22. |
- Catto, Peter J, et al.
(author)
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Three-dimensional magnetized and rotating hot plasma equilibrium in a gravitational field
- 2015
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In: 57th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics. ; 60:19, s. NP12.00113 -
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We present analytic and numerical solutions for three-dimensional magnetized axisymmetric equilibria confining rotating hot plasma in a gravitational field. Our solution to the full Shafranov-Grad equation can exhibit strong equatorial plane localization of the plasma density and current, resulting in disk equilibria for the plasma density. We find that a toriodal magnetic field is sometimes necessary to find a equilibrium in the presence of gravity for many cases of interest.
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