| 1. |
- Bozorg, Soran R., 1993-, et al.
(author)
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Validation of serrated polyps (SPs) in Swedish pathology registers
- 2019
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In: BMC Gastroenterology. - : BMC. - 1471-230X. ; 20:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Little is known about the natural history of serrated polyps (SPs), partly due to the lack of large-scale epidemiologic data. In this study, we examined the validity of SP identification according to SNOMED (Systematised Nomenclature of Medicine) codes and free text from colorectal histopathology reports.Methods: Through the ESPRESSO (Epidemiology Strengthened by histoPathology Reports in Sweden) study, we retrieved data on SPs from all pathology departments in Sweden in 2015-2017 by using SNOMED codes and free-text search in colorectal histopathology reports. Randomly selected individuals with a histopathology report of SPs were validated against patient charts using a structured, retrospective review.Results: SPs were confirmed in 101/106 individuals with a histopathology report of SPs, yielding a positive predictive value (PPV) of 95% (95%CI = 89-98%). By year of diagnosis, the PPV was 89% (95%CI = 69-97%), 96% (95%CI = 81-99%) and 97% (95%CI = 89-99%) for individuals diagnosed before 2001 (n = 19), between 2001 and 2010 (n = 26) and after 2010 (n = 61), respectively. According to search method, the PPV for individuals identified by SNOMED codes was 100% (95%CI = 93-100%), and 93% (95%CI = 86-97%) using free-text search. Recorded location (colon vs. rectum) was correct in 94% of all SP histopathology reports (95%CI = 84-98%) identified by SNOMED codes. Individuals with SPs were classified into hyperplastic polyps (n = 34; 32%), traditional serrated adenomas (n = 3; 3%), sessile serrated adenomas/polyps (SSA/Ps) (n = 70; 66%), unspecified SPs (n = 3, 3%), and false positive SPs (n = 5, 5%). For individuals identified by SNOMED codes, SSA/Ps were confirmed in 49/52 individuals, resulting in a PPV of 94% (95%CI: 84-98%). In total, 57% had >= 2 polyps (1: n = 44, 2-3: n = 33 and >= 4: n = 27). Some 46% of SPs (n = 71) originated from the proximal colon and 24% were >= 10 mm in size (n = 37). Heredity for colorectal cancer, intestinal polyposis syndromes, or both was reported in seven individuals (7%). Common comorbidities included diverticulosis (n = 45, 42%), colorectal cancer (n = 19, 18%), and inflammatory bowel disease (n = 10, 9%).Conclusion: Colorectal histopathology reports are a reliable data source to identify individuals with SPs.
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| 2. |
- Emilsson, Gustav, 1989, et al.
(author)
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The In Vivo Fate of Polycatecholamine Coated Nanoparticles Is Determined by a Fibrinogen Enriched Protein Corona
- 2023
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In: ACS Nano. - 1936-086X .- 1936-0851. ; 17:24, s. 24725-24742
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Polycatecholamine coatings have attracted significant attention in the past 10 years owing to their ability to functionalize a wide range of materials. Here we apply the use of such coatings to drug nanocrystals, made from a poorly soluble drug compound, to postfunctionalize the nanocrystal surface with the aim of providing steric stabilization and extending their circulation time after intravenous injection. We show that both polydopamine and polynorepinephrine can be used to successfully modify drug nanocrystals and subsequently incorporate end-functionalized PEG to the surface. Even though high grafting densities of PEG were achieved, we observed rapid clearance and increased liver uptake for polycatecholamine functionalized drug nanocrystals. Using both surface sensitive model systems and protein corona profiling, we determine that the rapid clearance was correlated with an increase in adsorption of proteins involved in coagulation to the polycatecholamine surface, with fibrinogen being the most abundant. Further analysis of the most abundant proteins revealed a significant increase in thiol-rich proteins on polycatecholamine coated surfaces. The observed interaction with coagulation proteins highlights one of the current challenges using polycatecholamines for drug delivery but might also provide insights to the growing use of these materials in hemostatic applications.
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| 3. |
- Emilsson, Louise, et al.
(author)
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Autoimmune Disease in First-Degree Relatives and Spouses of Individuals With Celiac Disease
- 2015
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In: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1542-3565 .- 1542-7714. ; 13:7, s. 1271-1277.e2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS: First-degree relatives of individuals with celiac disease are at increased risk for this disorder, but little is known about their risk for other autoimmune diseases. We assessed the risk of nonceliac autoimmune disease in first-degree relatives and spouses of people with celiac disease. METHODS: We identified individuals with celiac disease by searching computerized duodenal and jejunal biopsies, collected from 1969 through 2008, at 28 pathology departments in Sweden. Celiac disease was identified based on biopsy reports of villous atrophy (equal to Marsh grade 3; n = 29,096). Individuals with celiac disease were matched with up to 5 controls (people without celiac disease) for sex, age, county, and calendar year (total, 144,522 controls). Through Swedish health care registries, we identified all first-degree relatives (fathers, mothers, siblings, and offspring) and spouses of individuals with celiac disease (n = 84,648) and controls (n = 430,942). We used Cox regression analysis to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for nonceliac autoimmune disease (Crohn's disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or ulcerative colitis) in these groups. RESULTS: During the follow-up period (median, 10.8 y), 3333 of the first-degree relatives of patients with celiac disease (3.9%) and 12,860 relatives of controls (3.0%) had an autoimmune disease other than celiac disease. First-degree relatives of people with celiac disease were at increased risk of nonceliac autoimmune disease, compared with controls (HR, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.23-1.33), as were spouses (HR, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.35). Risk estimates for nonceliac autoimmune disease did not differ between first-degree relatives and spouses of individuals with celiac disease (interaction test: P =.11). HRs for nonceliac autoimmune disease were highest in the first 2 years of follow-up evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: First-degree relatives and spouses of individuals with celiac disease are at increased risk of nonceliac autoimmune disease. In addition to genetic factors, environmental factors and ascertainment bias might contribute to the increased risk of autoimmunity in first-degree relatives of individuals with celiac disease.
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| 4. |
- Emilsson, Louise, 1982-
(author)
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Cardiac complications in celiac disease
- 2013
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy induced by dietary gluten that affects about 1% of western populations. CD has been associated to an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in some studies; however associations to cardiovascular diseases have not been broadly researched.Aim: The aim of this thesis was to examine the associations between CD and some cardiovascular diseases, namely; atrial fibrialltion, dilated cardiomyopathy and risk factors of ischemic heart disease.Methods: We used computerized data on all Swedish patients with biopsy-verified CD equal to villous atrophy from 1969 to 31st of December 2008. All CD patients were matched on age, sex, county and calendar year with up to five reference individuals. Altogether we had data on 29,096 CD patients and 144,522 reference individuals. Data were linked to different Swedish national registries and the Swedish quality and cardiac care registry SWEDEHEART. Main outcomes in the studies were: I: atrial fibrillation registered in the national patient registry or the cause of death registry, II: chart validated idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, III: different risk factors, clinical presentation and parameters in patients with first myocardial infarction (MI) registered in SWEDEHEART and IV: follow-up parameters, 6-10 weeks and one year after MI, registered in SWEDEHEART.Result: We showed a 34% increased risk of atrial fibrillation in CD and a 73% increased risk of dilated cardiomyopathy, the latter only of borderline significance, p=0.052. In the third study we showed that CD patients with MI had a more beneficial cardiovascular risk factor profile, better left ventricular ejection fraction and fewer stenoses on coronary angiography compared to reference individuals with MI. The fourth study showed that follow-up after MI does not differ from follow-up in reference individuals.Conclusion: This thesis supports an association of cardiovascular diseases in CD. Potential mechanisms include shared risk factors and chronic in-flammation.
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| 5. |
- Emilsson, Louise, et al.
(author)
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Cardiovascular disease in patients with coeliac disease : A systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2015
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In: Digestive and Liver Disease. - : Elsevier BV. - 1590-8658 .- 1878-3562. ; 47:10, s. 847-852
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Coeliac disease has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in some studies, whereas other studies have shown no association. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular disease in celiac disease. Methods: Pubmed, Cinahl, EMBASE and Medline via Ovid were searched for relevant articles published until January 5, 2015. English-language articles on studies with more than 20 patients were included, and were quality rated using the GRADE risk of bias tool. We used random-effects models and assessed heterogeneity using the I-2 statistic. Results: Ten studies were relevant, reporting the risk of myocardial infarction, cardiovascular death and stroke in 33,128/32,903/32,466 coeliac disease patients respectively. Only one study examined celiac disease and a composite measure of cardiovascular disease and this study found a hazard ratio of 1.10 (95% CI 1.03-1.28). In a meta-analysis, we observed an increased risk of stroke (OR 1.11; 95% CI 1.02-1.20). The risks of myocardial infarction (OR 1.12; 95% CI 0.83-1.40) and cardiovascular death (OR 1.12; 95% CI 0.96-1.29) were similar but were estimated with less certainty. Heterogeneity was low for all outcomes except for myocardial infarction where it was moderate. Conclusion: Coeliac disease was associated with a modestly increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but the evidence base is limited.
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| 6. |
- Emilsson, Louise, et al.
(author)
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Colorectal cancer death after adenoma removal in Scandinavia
- 2017
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - Oxfordshire, United Kingdom : Taylor & Francis. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 52:12, s. 1377-1384
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Improved understanding of the subsequent risk death from colorectal cancer (CRC) among individuals who had adenomas removed is needed. We aimed to quantify this risk using prospectively collected data from population-based cohorts.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using Norwegian and Swedish registries, a cohort of 90,864 individuals with colorectal adenomas removed between 1980 and 2013 was identified. Surveillance was only recommended for high-risk adenomas. The validity of the registry data did not allow classification into low- and high-risk adenomas. Virtually complete follow-up was achieved through linkage to nationwide registers. We calculated incidence-based standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).RESULTS: The median follow-up was 7.2 years; 48,058 individuals were followed for more than 10 years. We observed 819 deaths (0.9%) from CRC and expected 731 CRC deaths (0.8%), corresponding to an absolute excess risk of 88 cases (0.1%) and a relative risk of 12% (SMR 1.12; 95%CI 1.05-1.20). The relative risk of CRC death following adenoma removal was slightly higher in Sweden (SMR 1.22; 95%CI 1.11-1.34) than in Norway (SMR 1.03; 95%CI 0.93-1.14), and higher in women (SMR 1.24; 95%CI 1.12-1.36) than in men (SMR 1.02; 95%CI 0.93-1.13). Among individuals with more than 10 years of follow-up, the estimates were similar to the overall cohort, absolute excess risk 0.1% (SMR 1.15; 95%CI 1.06-1.24).CONCLUSION: The excess risk of CRC death following adenoma removal is small. Optimal surveillance recommendations should be tested in randomised trials.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Emilsson, Louise, 1982-, et al.
(author)
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Follow-up of ischaemic heart disease in patients with coeliac disease
- 2015
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In: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - London, United Kingdom : Sage Publications. - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 22:1, s. 83-90
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Patients with coeliac disease and myocardial infarction have a more favourable atherosclerotic risk factor profile than controls with myocardial infarction (MI). Therefore, MI prognosis and treatment may differ according to coeliac status. This paper reports on the study of Swedish MI patients with and without coeliac disease (equal to villous atrophy; Marsh histopathology stage 3) based on duodenal or jejunal biopsy data. We used the Swedish Quality Register (SWEDEHEART) to identify individuals with a record of MI from 2005 to 2008 and to obtain data on medication, coronary interventions, and clinical and laboratory parameters at 6–10 weeks and one year after first MI. One-year mortality and coronary interventions were assessed for 430 coeliac patients and 1988 controls. For other outcome variables, we compared 42 coeliac patients with MI and 201 general population controls with MI. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by logistic regression. The results showed that compared with controls with MI, coeliac individuals with MI had significantly higher one-year all-cause mortality (OR = 1.43; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04–1.95) but less often underwent a percutaneous coronary intervention (OR = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.61–0.96). Coeliac patients were more often prescribed warfarin but less often aspirin and statins. The readmission rate due to cardiac events in coeliac patients was 15.2% vs. 12.6% in controls (p-value = 0.69). Other clinical and laboratory parameters were similar. We conclude that the follow up of MI does not seem to differ between coeliac patients and controls, and is unlikely to explain the excess mortality from cardiovascular disease noted in Swedish patients with CD.
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| 9. |
- Emilsson, Louise, 1982-, et al.
(author)
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Gall Bladder Disease and the Risk of Small Bowel Cancer : Results from a Nationwide Swedish Cohort Study
- 2022
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In: Cancers. - : MDPI. - 2072-6694. ; 14:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Small bowel cancer is a rare but rising malignancy. The etiology is poorly understood and there is a need for large-scale studies. Gallbladder disease (GBD), inducing localized inflammation, has been suggested to increase small bowel cancer risk.METHODS: We retrieved nationwide data from Sweden's 28 pathology departments on all adults (age 20-79) with pathology-confirmed GBD diagnosed in 1965-2017. In total 156,390 GBD patients were matched with up to 5 matched comparators from the general population and follow-up started one year after GBD diagnosis. We used stratified Cox regression to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for small bowel adenocarcinoma, adenomas, and carcinoids.RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 12 years, we identified 92 small bowel adenocarcinomas, 132 adenomas, and 81 carcinoid tumors in the GBD cohort. Corresponding incidence rates were 4.8, 6.9, and 4.2 per 100,000 person-years (PY), compared to 3.2, 3.2, and 1.8 in matched comparators. The adjusted HR was 1.42 (95% CI = 1.08-1.87) for small bowel adenocarcinoma, 1.79 (95% CI = 1.41-2.27) for adenoma, and 2.07 (95% CI = 1.52-2.81) for carcinoid. The excess cancer risk was most pronounced during the first year of follow-up for adenocarcinomas and during the first six years for adenomas while for carcinoids the HR peaked 10-15 years after start of follow-up.CONCLUSIONS: In this nationwide cohort study, GBD was associated with an increased risk of small bowel cancer. The excess risk of small bowel adenocarcinoma was mainly seen during the first years of follow-up while small bowel carcinoid risk peaked 11-16 years after GBD diagnosis.
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| 10. |
- Emilsson, Louise, et al.
(author)
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Increased risk of atrial fibrillation in patients with coeliac disease : a nationwide cohort study
- 2011
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In: European Heart Journal. - Oxford, United Kingdom : Oxford University Press. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 32:19, s. 2430-7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: Inflammatory markers are established risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF), but the role of autoimmune diseases is unknown. The aim of the study was to examine the association between coeliac disease (CD) and AF in a large cohort of patients with biopsy-verified CD.Metods and results: We identified 28,637 patients with CD through biopsy reports (defined as Marsh 3: villous atrophy) from all pathology departments (n = 28) in Sweden. Biopsies had been performed between 1969 and 2008. Age- and sex-matched reference individuals (n = 141,731) were identified from the Swedish Total Population Register. Data on AF were obtained from the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register, the Hospital Outpatient Register, and the Cause of Death Register. Hazard ratios (HRs) for AF were estimated using Cox regression. In the CD cohort, 941 individuals developed AF (vs. 2918 reference individuals) during a median follow-up of 9 years. The corresponding adjusted HR for AF was 1.34 (95% CI = 1.24-1.44). The absolute risk of AF in CD was 321 of 100,000 person-years, with an excess risk of 81 of 100,000. A prior AF diagnosis was also associated with an increased risk of subsequent CD (odds ratio = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.31-1.62).Conclusions Atrial fibrillation is more common both before and after CD diagnosis in patients with CD though the excess risk is small. Potential explanations for the increased risk of AF in CD include chronic inflammation and shared risk factors, but ascertainment bias may also have contributed.CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Coeliac disease affects 1-2% of the Western population. Our results indicate that patients with coeliac disease, verified by intestinal biopsy, are at increased risk of atrial fibrillation. This observation is consistent with previous findings that elevation of inflammatory markers predicts atrial fibrillation. Additional studies are needed to clarify the mechanistic link between atrial fibrillation and autoimmune diseases such as coeliac disease.
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| 11. |
- Emilsson, Louise, 1982-, et al.
(author)
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Ischaemic heart disease in first-degree relatives to coeliac patients
- 2014
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In: European Journal of Clinical Investigation. - Hoboken : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0014-2972 .- 1365-2362. ; 44:4, s. 359-364
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Coeliac disease (CD) has been linked to an increased risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD). We examined the risk of IHD in first-degree relatives and spouses to coeliac patients to ascertain the genetic contribution to IHD excess risk.Study design and setting: Coeliac disease was defined as having a biopsy-verified villous atrophy (Marsh grade 3) in 1969-2008 (n=29096). Coeliac patients were matched to 144522 controls. Through Swedish registers, we identified all first-degree relatives and spouses to coeliac patients and their controls, in total 87622 unique coeliac relatives and 432655 unique control relatives. Our main outcome measure was IHD defined according to relevant international classification of disease codes in the Swedish Inpatient Registry or in the Cause of Death Registry. Hazard ratios (HR) and confidence intervals (CI) were estimated through Cox regression adjusted for sex, age-group and calendar year at study entry of the relative.Result: During a median follow-up of 108 years, 2880 coeliac relatives and 13817 control relatives experienced IHD. First-degree relatives of coeliac patients were at increased risk of IHD (HR=105; 95% CI=100-109, P-value=004), while spouses were at no increased risk (HR=099; 95% CI=087-112). The excess risk of IHD in coeliac first-degree relatives aged 40-59years was 70/100000 person-years.Conclusion: First-degree relatives to coeliac patients seem to be at an increased risk of IHD but the excess risk is so small that it has little clinical relevance.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Emilsson, Louise, 1982-, et al.
(author)
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Mortality in small bowel cancers and adenomas : A nationwide, population-based matched cohort study
- 2023
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In: Cancer Epidemiology. - : Elsevier. - 1877-7821 .- 1877-783X. ; 85
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA), neuroendocrine tumors (NET) and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are neoplastic lesions of the small bowel while small bowel adenomas are precursors of SBA.Aim: To examine mortality in patients diagnosed with SBA, small bowel adenomas, NET and GIST.Methods: We performed a population-based matched cohort study encompassing all individuals with SBA (n = 2289), adenomas (n = 3700), NET (n = 1884) and GIST (n = 509) in the small bowel diagnosed at any of Sweden's 28 pathology departments between 2000 and 2016 (the "ESPRESSO study"). Each case was matched by sex, age, calendar year and county of residence to up to 5 comparators from the general population. Through Cox regression we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for death and cause-specific death adjusting for education.Results: During follow-up until December 31, 2017, 1836 (80%) deaths occurred in SBA patients, 1615 (44%) in adenoma, 866 (46%) in NET and 162 (32%) in GIST patients. This corresponded to incidence rates of 295, 74, 80 and 62/1000 person-years respectively and adjusted HRs of 7.60 (95%CI=6.95-8.31), 2.21 (2.07-2.36), 2.74 (2.50-3.01) and 2.33 (1.90-2.87). Adjustment for education had a substantial impact on the HR for death in SBA but not for other neoplasias. The predominant cause of excess death was cancer in all groups.Conclusion: This study confirms earlier findings of increased death rates in patients with SBA and NET in a modern study population. We also demonstrate a more than 2-fold increased risk of death in both GIST and the SBA precursor adenoma.
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| 16. |
- Emilsson, Louise, et al.
(author)
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Mucosal healing and the risk of serious infections in patients with celiac disease
- 2018
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In: United European Gastroenterology journal. - : Sage Publications. - 2050-6406 .- 2050-6414. ; 6:1, s. 55-62
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Patients with celiac disease (CD) are at increased risk of certain infections, but it is unknown if mucosal healing influences this risk.Methods: We collected data on 29,096 individuals with CD (equal to villous atrophy) through Sweden's 28 pathology departments undergoing biopsy 1969-2008. Through the Swedish Patient Register we obtained information on any infection and specifically sepsis, streptococcal infection, influenza, Clostridium difficile, herpes zoster and pneumococcal infection up until December 2009. We used Cox regression to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for the risk of future diagnosis of infection according to mucosal healing on follow-up biopsy (persistent villous atrophy vs mucosal healing).Results: Of 5598 CD individuals with no record of any infections before follow-up biopsy, 45% had persistent villous atrophy, 619 (24%) of them had a later infection, compared to 579 (19%) in those with mucosal healing (p<0.01); the yearly incidence was 2.1% in both groups. Adjusting for age, sex, calendar period, time between biopsies and education, persistent villous atrophy was however not associated with later infection overall (HR=0.99; 95% CI=0.88-1.11) or with any of the specific infections.Conclusions: In CD, mucosal healing does not influence the risk of serious infection requiring hospital-based medical attention.
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| 17. |
- Emilsson, Louise, et al.
(author)
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No increased mortality in 109,000 first-degree relatives of celiac individuals
- 2016
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In: Digestive and Liver Disease. - : Elsevier. - 1590-8658 .- 1878-3562. ; 48:4, s. 376-380
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Several studies have shown an excess mortality in individuals with celiac disease (CD). However, it is unknown if also first-degree relatives (FDRs) to celiac patients are at increased risk of death. Aim: We aimed to assess mortality in FDRs to celiac patients. Methods: Individuals with CD were identified through biopsy reports (equal to Marsh grade III). Each celiac individual was matched on sex, age, county and calendar year with up to five control individuals. Through Swedish healthcare registries we identified all FDRs (father, mother, sibling, offspring) of CD individuals and controls. Through Cox regression we calculated hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality (all-cause death, circulatory, cancer and other). Results: We identified 109,309 FDRs of celiac individuals and 549,098 FDRs of controls. Overall mortality was increased in FDRs to celiac individuals (HR = 1.02, 95%CI = 1.00-1.04, p = 0.03). This corresponded to an excess risk of 5.9 deaths per 100,000 person-years of follow-up. When limiting follow-up to time since celiac diagnosis in the index individual, we found no increased risk of death (HR = 1.01; 95%CI = 0.98-1.03). Conclusion: FDRs to individuals with CD are at increased risk of death. This excess risk is however minimal and unlikely to be of any clinical importance to the individual. (C) 2015 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 18. |
- Emilsson, Louise, 1982-, et al.
(author)
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Review of 103 Swedish healthcare quality registries
- 2015
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In: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 277:1, s. 94-136
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and objectives: In the past two decades, an increasing number of nationwide, Swedish Healthcare Quality Registries (QRs) focusing on specific disorders have been initiated, mostly by physicians. Here, we describe the purpose, organization, variables, coverage and completeness of 103 Swedish QRs.Methods: From March to September 2013, we examined the 2012 applications of 103 QRs to the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions (SALAR) and also studied the annual reports from the same QRs. After initial data abstraction, the coordinator of each QR was contacted at least twice between June and October 2013 and asked to confirm the accuracy of the data retrieved from the applications and reports.Results: About 60% of the QRs covered 80% of their target population (completeness). Data recorded in Swedish QRs include aspects of disease management (diagnosis, clinical characteristics, treatment and lead times). In addition, some QRs retrieve data on self-reported quality of life (EQ5D, SF-36 and disease-specific measures), lifestyle (smoking) and general health status (World Health Organization performance status, body mass index and blood pressure).Conclusion: Detailed clinical data available in Swedish QRs complement information from government-administered registries and provide an important source not only for assessment and development of quality of care but also for research.
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| 19. |
- Emilsson, Louise, et al.
(author)
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Risk of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in 29 000 patients with celiac disease
- 2012
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In: Journal of the American Heart Association. - Hoboken, USA : Wiley-Blackwell. - 2047-9980. ; 1:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a rare disease of largely unknown origin. Previous studies have suggested an increased prevalence of celiac disease (CD) in patients with DCM. These studies, however, were based on a maximum of 5 patients with both CD and DCM. In the present large Swedish population-based cohort study, we examined the risk of idiopathic DCM in patients with CD determined by small-intestinal histopathology.Methods and Results: From 2006 to 2008, we collected duodenal/jejunal biopsy data on CD (equal to villous atrophy, Marsh stage 3, n=29 071 unique individuals) from (all) 28 pathology departments in Sweden. These individuals were compared with 144 429 reference individuals matched for age, sex, calendar year, and county. Data on DCM were obtained through the National Patient Register and confirmed by patient charts and echocardiography data. During follow-up, 17 patients with CD and 52 reference individuals developed idiopathic DCM. Thus, patients with CD were at an increased risk of idiopathic DCM (hazard ratio, 1.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.00 to 3.00), although the risk estimate failed to attain statistical significance (P=0.052).Conclusion: This nationwide study found a moderately but not statistically significantly increased risk of idiopathic DCM in patients with biopsy-verified CD.
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| 20. |
- Emilsson, Louise, 1982-, et al.
(author)
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Risk of Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma, Adenomas, and Carcinoids in a Nationwide Cohort of Individuals With Celiac Disease
- 2020
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In: Gastroenterology. - : American Gastroenterology Association Institute. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 159:5, s. 1686-1694
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS: The incidence of small bowel cancers is increasing. Associations have been made between celiac disease (CD) and small bowel cancers, but there have been no detailed studies of large cohorts.METHODS: Through the nationwide Epidemiology Strengthened by Histopathology Reports in Sweden cohort study, we retrieved data from Sweden's 28 pathology departments on all individuals who received a diagnosis of CD from 1965 through 2017. Individuals with CD, defined as duodenal or jejunal villous atrophy (stage 3 Marsh score), were matched with as many as 5 randomly selected reference individuals from the general population. We used stratified Cox regression to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for small bowel adenocarcinoma, adenomas, and carcinoids.RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 11 years, we identified 48,119 individuals with CD (patients) and 239,249 reference individuals. Beginning at 1 year after a diagnosis of CD, 29 patients (0.06%) received a diagnosis of small bowel adenocarcinoma vs 45 reference individuals (0.02%), 7 patients received a diagnosis of carcinoids vs 31 reference individuals, and 48 patients received a diagnosis of adenomas vs 50 reference individuals. Corresponding HRs were small bowel adenocarcinoma 3.05 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.86-4.99), carcinoids 0.59 (95% CI, 0.16-2.10), and adenomas 5.73 (95% CI, 3.70-8.88). HRs were independent of sex and age. Overall, there was 1 extra case of small bowel adenocarcinoma in every 2944 patients with CD followed for 10 years. There was an inverse association between mucosal healing risk of future small bowel adenocarcinoma (HR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.02-1.61), although the HR failed to attain statistical significance.CONCLUSIONS: In an analysis of a nationwide pathology database in Sweden, we found the absolute risk of small bowel adenocarcinoma is low in individuals with CD. However, risks of small bowel adenocarcinoma and adenomas (but not carcinoids) are significantly increased in people with CD compared to people without this disease.
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| 21. |
- Emilsson, Louise, et al.
(author)
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The characterisation and risk factors of ischaemic heart disease in patients with coeliac disease
- 2013
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In: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : Wiley. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 37:9, s. 905-914
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Studies have shown an increased risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in patients with coeliac disease (CD), despite the patients' lack of traditional IHD risk factors.Aim: To characterise IHD according to CD status.Methods: Data on duodenal or jejunal biopsies were collected in 20062008 from all 28 pathology departments in Sweden and were used to define CD (equal to villous atrophy; Marsh stage 3). We used the Swedish cardiac care register SWEDEHEART to identify IHD and to obtain data on clinical status and risk factors at time of first myocardial infarction for this case-only comparison. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). CD patients were compared with general population reference individuals.Results: We identified 1075 CD patients and 4142 reference individuals with subsequent IHD. CD patients with myocardial infarction had lower body mass index (P<0.001) and cholesterol values (P<0.001) and were less likely to be active smokers (OR=0.74; 95% CI=0.560.98) than reference individuals with myocardial infarction. CD patients had less extensive coronary artery disease at angiography (any stenosis: OR=0.80; 95% CI=0.660.97; three-vessel disease: OR=0.73; 95% CI=0.570.94); but there was no difference in the proportions of CD patients with positive biochemical markers of myocardial infarction (CD: 92.2% vs. reference individuals: 91.5%, P=0.766).Conclusion: Despite evidence of an increased risk of IHD and higher cardiovascular mortality, patients with coeliac disease with IHD have a more favourable cardiac risk profile compared with IHD in reference individuals.
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| 22. |
- Geerts, Jaason M., et al.
(author)
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Guidance for Health Care Leaders During the Recovery Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic A Consensus Statement
- 2021
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In: JAMA Network Open. - : American Medical Association. - 2574-3805. ; 4:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- IMPORTANCE: The COVID-19 pandemic is the greatest global test of health leadership of our generation. There is an urgent need to provide guidance for leaders at all levels during the unprecedented preresolution recovery stage.OBJECTIVE: To create an evidence- and expertise-informed framework of leadership imperatives to serve as a resource to guide health and public health leaders during the postemergency stage of the pandemic.EVIDENCE REVIEW: A literature search in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase revealed 10 910 articles published between 2000 and 2021 that included the terms leadership and variations of emergency, crisis, disaster, pandemic, COVID-19, or public health. Using the Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence reporting guideline for consensus statement development, this assessment adopted a 6-round modified Delphi approach involving 32 expert coauthors from 17 countries who participated in creating and validating a framework outlining essential leadership imperatives.FINDINGS: The 10 imperatives in the framework are; (1) acknowledge staff and celebrate successes; (2) provide support for staff well-being; (3) develop a clear understanding of the current local and global context, along with informed projections; (4) prepare for future emergencies (personnel, resources, protocols, contingency plans, coalitions, and training); (5) reassess priorities explicitly and regularly and provide purpose, meaning, and direction; (6) maximize team, organizational, and system performance and discuss enhancements; (7) manage the backlog of paused services and consider improvements while avoiding burnout and moral distress; (8) sustain learning, innovations, and collaborations, and imagine future possibilities; (9) provide regular communication and engender trust; and (10) in consultation with public health and fellow leaders, provide safety information and recommendations to government, other organizations, staff, and the community to improve equitable and integrated care and emergency preparedness systemwide.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Leaders who most effectively implement these imperatives are ideally positioned to address urgent needs and inequalities in health systems and to cocreate with their organizations a future that best serves stakeholders and communities.
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| 23. |
- Himonakos, Christos, et al.
(author)
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Long-term Follow-up of 84 Patients With Giant Prolactinomas-A Swedish Nationwide Study.
- 2023
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In: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : Oxford University Press. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 108:12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To describe the clinical presentation and treatment outcomes in a nationwide cohort of patients with giant prolactinomas.Register-based study of patients with giant prolactinomas [serum prolactin (PRL) > 1000 µg/L, tumor diameter ≥40 mm] identified in the Swedish Pituitary Register 1991-2018.Eighty-four patients [mean age 47 (SD ±16) years, 89% men] were included in the study. At diagnosis, the median PRL was 6305 µg/L (range 1450-253 000), the median tumor diameter was 47 mm (range 40-85), 84% of the patients had hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and 71% visual field defects. All patients were treated with a dopamine agonist (DA) at some point. Twenty-three (27%) received 1 or more additional therapies, including surgery (n = 19), radiotherapy (n = 6), other medical treatments (n = 4), and chemotherapy (n = 2). Ki-67 was ≥10% in 4/14 tumors. At the last follow-up [median 9 years (interquartile range (IQR) 4-15)], the median PRL was 12 µg/L (IQR 4-126), and the median tumor diameter was 22 mm (IQR 3-40). Normalized PRL was achieved in 55%, significant tumor reduction in 69%, and combined response (normalized PRL and significant tumor reduction) in 43%. In the primary DA-treated patients (n = 79), the reduction in PRL or tumor size after the first year predicted the combined response at the last follow-up (P < .001 and P = .012, respectively).DAs effectively reduced PRL and tumor size, but approximately 1 patient out of 4 needed multimodal treatment. Our results suggest that the response to DA after 1 year is useful for identifying patients who need more careful monitoring and, in some cases, additional treatment.
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| 24. |
- Jodal, Henriette C., et al.
(author)
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Emergency hospital admissions, prognosis, and population mortality in Norway during the first wave of the Covid-19 epidemic
- 2022
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 50:6, s. 795-802
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: During the first wave of the Covid-19 epidemic, a national lockdown was established in Norway, and inhabitants were asked to contact healthcare only if absolutely necessary. We investigated hospital admissions and mortality due to non-Covid-19 disease during the lockdown compared to previous years.METHODS: We compared the number of emergency admissions and in-hospital fatality for diagnoses probably unaffected (acute myocardial infarction, acute abdominal conditions, cerebrovascular diseases) and affected by the lockdown (infections, injuries) in the South-Eastern Health Region of Norway during weeks 12-22, 2020, compared to the mean of the same period in the years 2017-2019. We also compared population mortality March-May 2020, to the mean of the same period in years 2017-2019.RESULTS: A total of 280,043 emergency admissions were observed; 20,911 admissions probably unaffected, and 30,905 admissions probably affected by the lockdown. Admissions due to diagnoses probably unaffected was reduced by 12% (95% confidence interval (CI) 9-15%), compared to 2017-2019. Admissions for diagnoses probably affected was reduced by 30% (95% CI 28-32%). There was a 34% reduction in in-hospital fatality due to acute myocardial infarction (95% CI 4-56%), 19% due to infections (95% CI 1-33%), and no change for the other diagnoses, compared to 2017-2019. The risk of in-hospital mortality to total mortality was lower for acute myocardial infarction (relative risk 0.85, 95% CI 0.73-0.99) and injuries (relative risk 0.83, 95% CI 0.70-0.98).CONCLUSIONS: Even though fewer patients were admitted to hospital, there was no increase in in-hospital fatality or population mortality, indicating that those who were most in need still received adequate care.
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| 25. |
- Junestedt, Christian, et al.
(author)
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Förslag på utformning av ett livscykelbaserat system för kartläggning av flöden av omställningskritiska råmaterial i den svenska teknosfären
- 2023
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Den 24 mars 2021 gav regeringen SGU i uppdrag att tillsammans med Naturvårdsverket arbeta för att öka möjligheterna till hållbar utvinning av mineral och metaller från sekundära råmaterial (Näringsdepartementet, 2021). Uppdraget innehåller ett antal strecksatser varav den fjärde handlar om att ge en överblick över flöden av kritiska mineral och metaller samt att föreslå system för hur livscykelanalys och spårbarhet kan utformas för att bidra till en cirkulär ekonomi. Denna rapport avhandlar en del av strecksatsen och beskriver resultatet av arbetet med att föreslå det efterfrågade systemet.Inom ramen för arbetet har det varit nödvändigt att tolka och delvis omdefiniera några av de efterfrågade delarna i systemet. I den här studien läggs tyngdpunkten på totala mängder, fördelning och användning av råmaterial, snarare än genom vilka värdekedjor ett visst delflöde av råmaterial har flödat eller vilket hållbarhetsavtryck det råmaterialflödet har orsakat. För att tydliggöra den avgränsningen benämns det system som föreslås i den här studien för ett kartläggningssystem i stället för ett spårbarhetssystem. Ett system för att spåra eller kartlägga kritiska råmaterial med syftet att bidra till en cirkulär ekonomi bör initialt inte inriktas på att samla in livscykeldata eller på att ta fram nya LCA-undersökningar, utan i stället fokusera på var olika material finns, i vilka mängder dessa förekommer samt var i livscykeln (teknosfären) dessa befinner sig och när dessa (om möjligt) kan bli tillgängliga för att återanvändas eller återvinnas. I ett uppbyggnadsskede är det därmed ett livscykelperspektiv som behövs i systemet och inte ett system för livscykelanalys.I arbetet med att ta fram och föreslå ett system har det ingått att beskriva befintliga datakällor, hur ett beräkningssystem skulle kunna utformas samt att beskriva hur datakällor och beräkningar ska kunna kombineras till ett system som också tar hänsyn till det arbete som inletts med digitala produktpass som ett led i den nya ekodesignförordningen som föreslås implementeras inom EU framöver.SMED förordar att ett framtida livscykelbaserat kartläggningssystem för kritiska råmaterial i den svenska teknosfären utvecklas med en så kallad bottom-up-ansats. Det innebär ett mer komplext system som ställer större krav på datainsamlingen än med en top-down-ansats. Samtidigt lägger det grunden för ett system som kan bli varaktigt över tid och som fullt ut kan dra fördel av den dramatiska ökningen av tillgängliga produktdata som de digitala produktpassen troligtvis kommer att innebära. Utformningen av och innehållet i produktpassen kommer regleras i den delegerade akten för respektive produktgrupp. Begränsad tillgång till produktdata har hittills varit det främsta argumentet för en top-down-ansats. Den pågående och samhällsgenomgripande omställningen av det svenska och europeiska energisystemet kommer att innebära ett växande materialberoende. SMED anser därför att kartläggningssystemet med stor sannolikhet kommer att vara relevant under lång tid framöver, vilket väl motiverar en hög inledande ambitionsnivå för att från början utveckla ett system att växa i. Systemet blir av nödvändighet mycket dataintensivt, men bygger i hög grad på data som samlas in centralt.Som framgår i flera avsnitt i den här rapporten har kartläggningssystemet utformats för att vara förenligt med de initiativ som SMED bedömer vara de viktigaste initiativen. Särskild uppmärksamhet ges åt batteriförordningen och ekodesignförordningens produktpass på EU-nivå och Avfallsregistret på nationell nivå.En framgångsfaktor för det föreslagna kartläggningssystemet blir att fortlöpande bevaka utvecklingen på området för att både säkerställa att Sveriges nationella system blir konsistent med de framväxande systemen på EU-nivå, och att identifiera och utnyttja de möjligheter till synergier mellan olika system och olika aktörer som kartläggningssystemet kommer att medföra. Inte minst har det potentialen att lindra uppgiftslämnarbördan för näringslivet, eftersom delar av den data som kartläggningssystemet behöver samtidigt efterfrågas och i många fall begärs för andra ändamål.Sammantaget kommer SMED till slutsatsen att mycket talar för att gå vidare med en utveckling av ett kartläggningssystem enligt vad som rekommenderas vidare i rapporten. För det fall de digitala produktpassen implementeras i en nära framtid och kan tillhandahålla den data som idag förespeglas kommer utvecklingskostnader och uppgiftslämnarbördor att hållas nere väsentligt. Å andra sidan, om data över flöden av kritiska råmaterial av ett eller annat skäl inte kommer att tillhandahållas av produktpassen ökar värdet av ett svenskt kartläggningssystem ytterligare, eftersom det då (så vitt vi kan förutse idag) inte kommer att finnas något annat system som kan teckna den nödvändiga kartan.
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