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- Andersson, Staffan, et al.
(author)
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”Det löser sig under studiernas gång”
- 2010
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Studenters förhållningssätt till högre studier präglas allt mer av identitetsbekräftelse (Schreiner, 2006) och utbildningskonsumtion (Friis Johannsen, 2007). För många är studierna ett medel för att utveckla eller manifestera en identitet. Schreiner (2006) sammanfattar: When young people choose an education or profession, they express at the same time key components of their identity. Andelen nybörjarstudenter som tagit civilingenjörsexamen efter fem år halverades från 38% i 1980-talets mitt till 19% vid 2000-talets början. Andelen som tagit examen efter sju år har däremot bara minskat från 60% till 55%. Idag tar alltså nästan lika många studenter en civilingenjörsexamen, men de tar längre tid på sig. Med resultat från olika studier vill vi illustrera hur det förändrade förhållningssättet bidrar till att det tar allt längre tid för civilingenjörsstudenter att nå sin examen. Att finna ett yrke har för många blivit något som ”löser sig under studiernas gång”. En enkätstudie för nybörjare på ett civilingenjörsprogram i teknisk fysik visade att 65 % hade som främsta mål att just gå utbildningen. Övriga hade mer långsiktiga mål, som exempelvis yrkesarbete. Flera studenter uttrycker en osäkerhet i att välja rätt i det stora utbildningsutbudet med fler än 65 olika civilingenjörsprogram och otaliga andra utbildningar att välja på. Ett sätt att hanterar detta utbud är mobilitet mellan utbildningar. Analys av studiebanor för en kull på teknisk fysik från 2006 visade att 30 % av studenterna läst vid andra utbildnings-program tidigare och/eller lämnade programmet för att läsa ett annat. En intervjustudie visade att många av studenterna ansåg att det inledningsvis var minst lika viktigt att engagera sig i kår, studentliv och annat för att utveckla sig som person. Senare under studietiden kunde man fokusera sig, hitta en inriktning och avsluta studierna. Den inriktning som studenterna vill ha finns inte alltid inom civilingenjörsprogrammens struktur. Därför väljer de att bredda sig med andra kurser, exempelvis i ekonomi, språk, juridik och datavetenskap. Detta är några faktorer som bidrar till att tiden som studenterna behöver för att nå sin civilingenjörsexamen ökar. Dagens studenter läser allt oftare främst för att ”bli någon” och det är något som ofta tar både längre tid och andra vägar än vad de som planerat utbildningarna förväntat sig. Referenser Friis Johannsen, B. (2007). Attrition in University Physics. Uppsala University, Uppsala. Schreiner, C. (2006) EXPLORING A ROSE-GARDEN Norwegian youth’s orientations towards science – seen as signs of late modern identities. Oslo University, Oslo.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Staffan, et al.
(author)
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Samverkan om genomströmning
- 2012
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In: NU 2012. - Göteborg, Sweden.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Avhopp och genomströmning är viktiga faktorer för högre utbildning. Studenter som börjar en utbildning bör också känna sig motiverade att fortsätta, lyckas och nå sina mål. Olika mått på avhopp och genomströmning kan också ses som indikatorer på utbildningens kvalitet (Högskoleverket, 2009). Detta är mycket viktigt för hela högre utbildningssystemet, men ses som kritiskt inom naturvetenskaplig och teknisk utbildning (Teknikdelegationen, 2010). Det finns ett uttalat behov av fler personer med civilingenjörsexamen, men andelen studenter som når examen har minskat under många år (Andersson, 2011). Denna trend har också observerats för flera andra programutbildningar (Högskoleverket & SCB, 2011).Vi har medverkat i flera olika samarbetsprojekt med mål att bland annat förstå och förbättra genomströmningen på utbildningsprogram (Marklund, 2009; Andersson, Gelin och Marklund, 2011; Andersson Chronholm och Andersson, 2011). Utifrån våra erfarenheter från dessa projekt vill vi diskutera erfarenheter och möjligheter för framtida samverkan med andra som delar vårt intresse för denna viktiga fråga. Inom de olika projekten har vi särskilt intresserat oss för tre områden:• Att mäta och visualisera genomströmningHur mäter vi genomströmning på bästa sätt? Vilka mått är viktiga? Hur kan vi visualisera genomströmning? Hur kan visualiseringen hjälpa utvecklingsarbete?• Att utforska och beskriva faktorer som påverkar genomströmningVilka verktyg använder vi för att utforska de faktorer som kan påverka genomströmning? Vilka beskrivningsmodeller finns kring genomströmning? Vilka möjligheter och begränsningar finns med dessa modeller?• Att genomföra framgångsrika insatser för att förbättra genomströmningVad kan man göra för att förbättra genomströmning på utbildningar? Hur kan insatser förbättras utifrån forskning och annan information?Vår förhoppning är att en diskussion kring dessa områden kan leda till värdefullt erfarenhetsutbyte. Vi vill också lyfta den övergripande frågan om hur olika lärosäten kan samverka kring dessa frågor och vad vi kan lära av varandra.Referenser:Andersson, S. (2011). “Identitetsresan", I Fler som kan s. 63-77. Stockholm: SkolverketAndersson, S., Gelin, B. och Marklund, B. (2011). ATTRACT - International collaboration to help students succeed. Proceedings from Utvecklingskonferens för Sveriges ingenjörsutbildningar 2011.Andersson Chronholm, J. & Andersson, S. (2011). Lär för din framtid - Så lyckas du med högskolestudier Lund:StudentlitteraturHögskoleverket (2009). Mått för genomströmning i utbildning på grund- och avancerad niva, Högskoleverkets rapportserie 2009:29Högskoleverket och SCB (2011). Universitet och högskolor Genomströmning och resultat på grundnivå och avancerad nivå till och med 2009/2010 Statistiska meddelanden UF20SM1103, Stockholm: SCBMarklund, B. (2009). “Hur kan genomströmningen i våra program- utbildningar mätas, presenternas och analyseras? Vilka hinder och kritiska framgångsfaktorer finns för en god genomströmning?" Proceedings from Utvecklingskonferens för Sveriges ingenjörsutbildningar 2009.Teknikdelegationen (2010). Vändpunkt Sverige - ett ökat intresse för matematik, naturvetenskap och IKT, Statens Offentliga Utredningar 2010:28, Stockholm
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Staffan, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Studenters upplevelser av första året
- 2012
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In: Universitetspedagogisk utveckling och kvalitet - i praktiken. ; , s. 9-20
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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- Bayram, Firas, et al.
(author)
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DA-LSTM: A dynamic drift-adaptive learning framework for interval load forecasting with LSTM networks
- 2023
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In: Engineering applications of artificial intelligence. - : Elsevier. - 0952-1976 .- 1873-6769. ; 123
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Load forecasting is a crucial topic in energy management systems (EMS) due to its vital role in optimizing energy scheduling and enabling more flexible and intelligent power grid systems. As a result, these systems allow power utility companies to respond promptly to demands in the electricity market. Deep learning (DL) models have been commonly employed in load forecasting problems supported by adaptation mechanisms to cope with the changing pattern of consumption by customers, known as concept drift. A drift magnitude threshold should be defined to design change detection methods to identify drifts. While the drift magnitude in load forecasting problems can vary significantly over time, existing literature often assumes a fixed drift magnitude threshold, which should be dynamically adjusted rather than fixed during system evolution. To address this gap, in this paper, we propose a dynamic drift-adaptive Long Short-Term Memory (DA-LSTM) framework that can improve the performance of load forecasting models without requiring a drift threshold setting. We integrate several strategies into the framework based on active and passive adaptation approaches. To evaluate DA-LSTM in real-life settings, we thoroughly analyze the proposed framework and deploy it in a real-world problem through a cloud-based environment. Efficiency is evaluated in terms of the prediction performance of each approach and computational cost. The experiments show performance improvements on multiple evaluation metrics achieved by our framework compared to baseline methods from the literature. Finally, we present a trade-off analysis between prediction performance and computational costs.
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| 11. |
- Bergqvist, Joakim, et al.
(author)
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Detection and Isolation of Sindbis Virus from Mosquitoes Captured During an Outbreak in Sweden, 2013
- 2015
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In: Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1530-3667 .- 1557-7759. ; 15:2, s. 133-140
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mosquito-borne alphaviruses have the potential to cause large outbreaks throughout the world. Here we investigated the causative agent of an unexpected Sindbis virus (SINV) outbreak during August-September, 2013, in a previously nonendemic region of Sweden. Mosquitoes were collected using carbon dioxide-baited CDC traps at locations close to human cases. The mosquitoes were initially screened as large pools by SINV-specific quantitative RT-PCR, and the SINV-positive mosquitoes were species determined by single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, followed by sequencing the barcoding region of the cytochrome oxidase I gene. The proportion of the collected mosquitoes was determined by a metabarcoding strategy. By using novel strategies for PCR screening and genetic typing, a new SINV strain, Lovanger, was isolated from a pool of 1600 mosquitoes composed of Culex, Culiseta, and Aedes mosquitoes as determined by metabarcoding. The SINV-positive mosquito Culiseta morsitans was identified by SNP analysis and sequencing. After whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, the SINV Lovanger isolate was shown to be most closely similar to recent Finnish SINV isolates. In conclusion, within a few weeks, we were able to detect and isolate a novel SINV strain and identify the mosquito vector during a sudden SINV outbreak.
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| 12. |
- Björkman, Lena, 1965, et al.
(author)
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Neutrophil recruitment to inflamed joints can occur without cellular priming.
- 2019
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In: Journal of leukocyte biology. - 1938-3673. ; 105:6, s. 1123-1130
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recruitment of neutrophils from blood to tissues is a cardinal event in inflammation during which neutrophils switch from a resting, naive state to a preactivated, primed phenotype; the priming process is characterized by alterations in the composition of cell surface adhesins, for example, shedding of l-selectin and mobilization of granule-stored integrins to the cell surface. Ligation of chemotactic receptors and interactions with the endothelial lining are established triggers of neutrophil priming and in line with this, in vivo transmigrated neutrophils obtained from tissues are typically highly primed. We here characterize the priming of neutrophils brought about by in vivo recruitment from blood to inflamed joints by the analyses of synovial fluid and blood from patients with inflammatory arthritis. For comparisons, we used controlled in vivo models of neutrophil transmigration to skin of healthy subjects. In contrast to the residing view and in vivo transmigrated neutrophils from skin models, neutrophils from synovial fluid were often surprisingly resting and phenotypically very similar to naive cells isolated from peripheral blood; synovial fluid cells often retained l-selectin and had undergone minimal up-regulation of integrin receptors. In complete agreement with our in vivo findings, cell-free synovial fluid was potently chemotactic without triggering alteration of surface receptors also in vitro. We conclude that tissue recruitment of neutrophils does not by default trigger l-selectin shedding and granule mobilization, and the chemoattractant(s) guiding neutrophils to synovial fluid apparently operate without inducing cellular priming.
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| 13. |
- Björkman, Lena, 1965, et al.
(author)
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The Neutrophil Response Induced by an Agonist for Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2 (GPR43) Is Primed by Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and by Receptor Uncoupling from the Cytoskeleton but Attenuated by Tissue Recruitment
- 2016
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In: Molecular and Cellular Biology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0270-7306 .- 1098-5549. ; 36:20, s. 2583-2595
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ligands with improved potency and selectivity for free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2R) have become available, and we here characterize the neutrophil responses induced by one such agonist (Cmp1) and one antagonist (CATPB). Cmp1 triggered an increase in the cytosolic concentration of Ca2+, and the neutrophils were then desensitized to Cmp1 and to acetate, a naturally occurring FFA2R agonist. The antagonist CATPB selectively inhibited responses induced by Cmp1 or acetate. The activated FFA2R induced superoxide anion secretion at a low level in naive blood neutrophils. This response was largely increased by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in a process associated with a recruitment of easily mobilizable granules, but neutrophils recruited to an aseptic inflammation in vivo were nonresponding. Superoxide production induced by Cmp1 was increased in latrunculin A-treated neutrophils, but no reactivation of desensitized FFA2R was induced by this drug, suggesting that the cytoskeleton is not directly involved in terminating the response. The functional and regulatory differences between the receptors that recognize short-chain fatty acids and formylated peptides, respectively, imply different roles of these receptors in the orchestration of inflammation and confirm the usefulness of a selective FFA2R agonist and antagonist as tools for the exploration of the precise role of the FFA2R.
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- Björnsdottir, Halla, et al.
(author)
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Phenol-soluble Modulin α Peptide Toxins from aggressive Staphylococcus aureus induce rapid Formation of neutrophil extracellular Traps through a reactive Oxygen species-independent Pathway
- 2017
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In: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Neutrophils have the ability to capture and kill microbes extracellularly through the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). These are DNA and protein structures that neutrophils release extracellularly and are believed to function as a defense mechanism against microbes. The classic NET formation process, triggered by, e.g., bacteria, fungi, or by direct stimulation of protein kinase C through phorbol myristate acetate, is an active process that takes several hours and relies on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are further modified by myeloperoxidase (MPO). We show here that NET-like structures can also be formed by neutrophils after interaction with phenol-soluble modulin alpha (PSM alpha) that are cytotoxic membrane-disturbing peptides, secreted from community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA). The PSMa-induced NETs contained the typical protein markers and were able to capture microbes. The PSMa-induced NET structures were disintegrated upon prolonged exposure to DNase-positive S. aureus but not on exposure to DNase-negative Candida albicans. Opposed to classic NETosis, PSMa-triggered NET formation occurred very rapidly, independently of ROS or MPO, and was also manifest at 4 degrees C. These data indicate that rapid NETs release may result from cytotoxic membrane disturbance by PSMa peptides, a process that may be of importance for CA-MRSA virulence.
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- Dahlgren, Claes, 1949, et al.
(author)
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G protein coupled pattern recognition receptors expressed in neutrophils: Recognition, activation/modulation, signaling and receptor regulated functions.
- 2022
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In: Immunological reviews. - : Wiley. - 1600-065X .- 0105-2896. ; 314:1, s. 69-92
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Neutrophils, the most abundant white blood cell in human blood, express receptors that recognize damage/microbial associated pattern molecules of importance for cell recruitment to sites of inflammation. Many of these receptors belong to the family of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). These receptor-proteins span the plasma membrane in expressing cells seven times and the down-stream signaling rely in most cases on an activation of heterotrimeric G proteins. The GPCRs expressed in neutrophils recognize a number of structurally diverse ligands (activating agonists, allosteric modulators, and inhibiting antagonists) and share significant sequence homologies. Studies of receptor structure and function have during the last 40years generated important information on GPCR biology in general; this knowledge aids in the overall understanding of general pharmacological principles, governing regulation of neutrophil function and inflammatory processes, including novel leukocyte receptor activities related to ligand recognition, biased/functional selective signaling, allosteric modulation, desensitization, and reactivation mechanisms as well as communication (receptor transactivation/cross-talk) between GPCRs. This review summarizes the recent discoveries and pharmacological hallmarks with focus on some of the neutrophil expressed pattern recognition GPCRs. In addition, unmet challenges, including recognition by the receptors of diverse ligands and how biased signaling mediate different biological effects are described/discussed.
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| 20. |
- Dahlgren, Claes, 1949, et al.
(author)
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Neutrophil Signaling That Challenges Dogmata of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Regulated Functions
- 2020
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In: ACS Pharmacology and Translational Science. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2575-9108. ; 3:2, s. 203-220
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Activation as well as recruitment of neutrophils, the most abundant leukocyte in human blood, to sites of infection/inflammation largely rely on surface-exposed chemoattractant receptors. These receptors belong to the family of 7-transmembrane domain receptors also known as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) due to the fact that part of the downstream signaling relies on an activation of heterotrimeric G proteins. The neutrophil GPCRs share significant sequence homologies but bind many structurally diverse activating (agonistic) and inhibiting (antagonistic) ligands, ranging from fatty acids to purines, peptides, and lipopeptides. Recent structural and functional studies of neutrophil receptors have generated important information on GPCR biology in general; this knowledge aids in the overall understanding of general pharmacological principles, governing regulation of neutrophil function and inflammatory processes, including novel leukocyte receptor activities related to ligand recognition, biased/functional selective signaling, allosteric modulation, desensitization mechanisms and reactivation, and communication (cross-talk) between GPCRs. This review summarizes the recent discoveries and pharmacological hallmarks with focus on neutrophil GPCRs. In addition, unmet challenges are dealt with, including recognition by the receptors of diverse ligands and how biased signaling mediates different biological effects. © 2020 American Chemical Society.
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| 22. |
- Enghag, Margareta, 1952-, et al.
(author)
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Using a disciplinary discourse lens to explore how representations afford meaning making in a typical wave physics course
- 2013
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In: International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education. - Berlin : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1571-0068 .- 1573-1774. ; 11:3, s. 625-650
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We carried out a case study in a wave physics course at a Swedish university in order to investigate the relations between the representations used in the lessons and the experience of meaning making in interview–discussions. The grounding of these interview–discussions also included obtaining a rich description of the lesson environment in terms of the communicative approaches used and the students’ preferences for modes of representations that best enable meaning making. The background for this grounding was the first two lessons of a 5-week course on wave physics (70 students). The data collection for both the grounding and the principal research questions consisted of video recordings from the first two lessons: a student questionnaire of student preferences for representations (given before and after the course) and video-recorded interview–discussions with students (seven pairs and one on their own). The results characterize the use of communicative approaches, what modes of representation were used in the lectures, and the trend in what representations students’ preferred for meaning making, all in order to illustrate how students engage with these representations with respect to their experienced meaning making. Interesting aspects that emerged from the study are discussed in terms of how representations do not, in themselves, necessarily enable a range of meaning making; that meaning making from representations is critically related to how the representations get situated in the learning environment; and how constellations of modes of disciplinary discourse may be necessary but not always sufficient. Finally, pedagogical comments and further research possibilities are presented.
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| 25. |
- Forsman, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Development of broadly targeted human endogenous gammaretroviralpol-based real time PCRs Quantitation of RNA expression in human tissues
- 2005
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In: Journal of Virological Methods. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-0934 .- 1879-0984. ; 129:1, s. 16-30
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Endogenous retroviral sequences (ERVs) are dynamic genomic components with profound influences on gene expression and genomic structure. Their extent of expression is not well known. Several broadly targeted real-time reverse transcription PCR (QPCRs) systems for surveillance of RNA expression of the major groups of human gammaretroviral ERVs were constructed. The highly conserved reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase (IN) domains of the pol gene were used as targets for the PCRs, which were both probe-based (TaqMan) and probe-less (SYBR Green). Different levels of primer and probe degeneracy, with or without inosine, were tested. Several of the PCRs had sensitivities of a few HERV nucleic acid copies per PCR reaction. Specificities were approximately as expected from the fit of primers and probes. Gammaretroviral HERV RNA expression was studied in different human tissues. Each HERV group had a specific pattern of expression. HERV-E was highly expressed in testis, HERV-I/T in brain and testis, HERV-H in brain and testis, while HERV-W was highly expressed in placenta. Gammaretroviral RNA was not detected in plasma from 50 blood donors in saliva from 20 persons. In conclusion, a set of tools for investigation of gammaretroviral HERV RNA expression was created.
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