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- Bakhiet, Salaheldin Farah Attallah, et al.
(author)
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Understanding the Simber Effect : why is the age-dependent increase in children's cognitive ability smaller in Arab countries than in Britain?
- 2018
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In: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 122, s. 38-42
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previous research indicates that the typical increase in IQ during childhood is greater in European countries than in Arab countries. A systematic literature review of age-dependent IQ in Arab countries is conducted, yielding relevant studies for 12 countries that fulfil the inclusion criteria. In almost all of these studies, Arab children exhibit an age-dependent IQ decline relative to Caucasian children, from 5 to about 12 years of age in particular. We term this phenomenon the Simber Effect. We propose two non-exclusive explanations. (1) The Flynn Effect is less intense in Arab countries because of localised differences, including poorer education quality and greater religiosity. (2) Those from Arab countries follow a faster Life History Strategy than Europeans, for environmental and possibly genetic reasons. Either way, the Simber Effect may amount to a Wilson Effect, meaning that the impact of genetic IQ increases with age.
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- Hakami, H., et al.
(author)
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Gauged sleeve for controlled testing of rock
- 1987
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In: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts. - : Elsevier BV. - 0148-9062 .- 1879-2073. ; 24:6, s. 375-378
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electrical resistance strain gages, each 5 cm in length, were embedded at a depth of 1 mm, inside a Cil Monothane sleeve of thickness 2 mm. Cil Monothane A80 is a single component and non-toxic, heat-cure-pour polyurethane elastomer. It has sound elasto-plastic properties when cured. It was supplied by Compounding Ingredients Ltd, England. The strain gages cover about 95% of the circumference of the sleeve. The position of the strain gages corresponds to the mid-height of the rock sample
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- Hakami, Hossein M.
(author)
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Post-failure behaviour of brittle rock
- 1988
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The study of the post-failure behaviour of brittle rocks in the laboratory needs stiff and servo-controlled testing machines. Yet, the problem is not completely solved unless a suitable feedback signal is created for the servo-loop of the testing machine. A technique has been developed, with the aid of which a suitable feedback signal may be provided for the testing machine. A pair of resistance strain gauges, each 5 an in length were embedded in a 2 mm thick Cil Monothane sleeve. Positioned circumferentially and at the mid-height of the specimen, the long strain gauges provide a reliable feedback signal that makes the controlled loading possible. The technique is particularly suitable for controlled triaxial testing. With the aid of gauged sleeves, we have performed series of controlled uniaxial and triaxial experiments on different brittle rocks. Based on the shape of the experimental curves obtained, post-failure response of the tested rocks has been described, placing much emphasize on the role of the testing machine. Trying to simulate the prevailing state of stress in the Earth's crust, where a shear fracture may propagate, we have carried out nonfixed, controlled confining pressure triaxial experiments. In such an experiment the confining pressure does not remain constant, but rises in opposition to the dilational behaviour of rock sample in both pre and post-peak phases of deformation. Under such circumstance, the pressure medium bears a level of stiffness. Using the experimental results of non-fixed confining pressure experiments, stress drop and energy release rate, pertaining to the shear fracture propagation have been determined. Along with the evaluation of these two fracture parameters, relevant theoretical bases have been outlined. It has been tried to place the estimates of the fracture parameters in their right perspective, by resorting to the previously existing estimates obtained in different ways, by examining the influential aspects of triaxial testing details and through explanations relating the conditions of the propagated shear fracture surfaces to the different levels of the normal stress, acting across the fracture surfaces.
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| 9. |
- Hakami, H., et al.
(author)
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Shear fracture energy of Stripa granite : Results of controlled triaxial testing
- 1990
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In: Engineering Fracture Mechanics. - 0013-7944 .- 1873-7315. ; 35:4-5, s. 855-865
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have performed controlled triaxial experiments on Stripa granite in a 'nearly stiff' environment. This means that, before the commencement of loading, an initial confining pressure was 'locked' in the pressurizing chamber of the triaxial vessel. During the axial loading of the sample, the confining pressure was unavoidably increased, opposing largely the 'free' expansion of the sample due to overall microcracking. Further increase in confining pressure beyond the peak load resulted from the dilation of the formed shear fracture, during shear displacement. Under triaxial testing condition a reasonable assumption is that the shear fracture in the specimen is a consequence of pure shear (mode II) state of stress prevailing in the sample, in the vicinity of a 'bandlike' zone, from which the shear fracture propagated. Under this assumption and by the relevant fracture mechanics approach incorporating the 'slip weakening' model, shear fracture energy of Stripa granite was estimated. The results were compared with those estimated through controlled triaxial experiments at constant confining pressure, recently reported by other workers. Also, the influence of the testing method described here on the process of laboratory failure of rock in shear is discussed.
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- Ibrahim, Mahmoud A. A., et al.
(author)
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Blue Biotechnology : Computational Screening of Sarcophyton Cembranoid Diterpenes for SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibition
- 2021
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In: Marine Drugs. - : MDPI. - 1660-3397. ; 19:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The coronavirus pandemic has affected more than 150 million people, while over 3.25 million people have died from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As there are no established therapies for COVID-19 treatment, drugs that inhibit viral replication are a promising target; specifically, the main protease (M-pro) that process CoV-encoded polyproteins serves as an Achilles heel for assembly of replication-transcription machinery as well as down-stream viral replication. In the search for potential antiviral drugs that target M-pro, a series of cembranoid diterpenes from the biologically active soft-coral genus Sarcophyton have been examined as SARS-CoV-2 M-pro inhibitors. Over 360 metabolites from the genus were screened using molecular docking calculations. Promising diterpenes were further characterized by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on molecular mechanics-generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) binding energy calculations. According to in silico calculations, five cembranoid diterpenes manifested adequate binding affinities as M-pro inhibitors with Delta G(binding) < -33.0 kcal/mol. Binding energy and structural analyses of the most potent Sarcophyton inhibitor, bislatumlide A (340), was compared to darunavir, an HIV protease inhibitor that has been recently subjected to clinical-trial as an anti-COVID-19 drug. In silico analysis indicates that 340 has a higher binding affinity against M-pro than darunavir with Delta G(binding) values of -43.8 and -34.8 kcal/mol, respectively throughout 100 ns MD simulations. Drug-likeness calculations revealed robust bioavailability and protein-protein interactions were identified for 340; biochemical signaling genes included ACE, MAPK14 and ESR1 as identified based on a STRING database. Pathway enrichment analysis combined with reactome mining revealed that 340 has the capability to re-modulate the p38 MAPK pathway hijacked by SARS-CoV-2 and antagonize injurious effects. These findings justify further in vivo and in vitro testing of 340 as an antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2.
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| 13. |
- Khatri, C, et al.
(author)
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Outcomes after perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with proximal femoral fractures: an international cohort study
- 2021
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In: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 11:11, s. e050830-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Studies have demonstrated high rates of mortality in people with proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, but there is limited published data on the factors that influence mortality for clinicians to make informed treatment decisions. This study aims to report the 30-day mortality associated with perioperative infection of patients undergoing surgery for proximal femoral fractures and to examine the factors that influence mortality in a multivariate analysis.SettingProspective, international, multicentre, observational cohort study.ParticipantsPatients undergoing any operation for a proximal femoral fracture from 1 February to 30 April 2020 and with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection (either 7 days prior or 30-day postoperative).Primary outcome30-day mortality. Multivariate modelling was performed to identify factors associated with 30-day mortality.ResultsThis study reports included 1063 patients from 174 hospitals in 19 countries. Overall 30-day mortality was 29.4% (313/1063). In an adjusted model, 30-day mortality was associated with male gender (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.68 to 3.13, p<0.001), age >80 years (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.31, p=0.013), preoperative diagnosis of dementia (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.16, p=0.005), kidney disease (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.55, p=0.005) and congestive heart failure (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.48, p=0.025). Mortality at 30 days was lower in patients with a preoperative diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.6 (0.42 to 0.85), p=0.004). There was no difference in mortality in patients with an increase to delay in surgery (p=0.220) or type of anaesthetic given (p=0.787).ConclusionsPatients undergoing surgery for a proximal femoral fracture with a perioperative infection of SARS-CoV-2 have a high rate of mortality. This study would support the need for providing these patients with individualised medical and anaesthetic care, including medical optimisation before theatre. Careful preoperative counselling is needed for those with a proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, especially those in the highest risk groups.Trial registration numberNCT04323644
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| 15. |
- Mathis, James I., et al.
(author)
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Heat induced fracturing of rock in an existing uniaxial stress field
- 1986
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In: Scientific basis for nuclear waste management IX. - Pittsburgh, Pa : Materials Research Society. - 0931837154 ; , s. 799-807
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Stripa project was designed to test the agreement between theoretical and actual rock fracture times of a rock block loaded with a physical as well as a thermal load. Laboratory testing consisted of physically loading center-drilled cubes of rock, 0. 3 m on a side, uniaxially from 0 to 25 MPa. These were then thermally loaded with a nominal 3. 7 kW (factory rating) cylindrical heater until failure occurred. This time to failure was recorded for comparison with a direct mathematical and a finite element solution. For both cases, calculations were performed at specific time-steps and an estimated failure time calculated from the compiled results.
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| 17. |
- Glasbey, JC, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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| 19. |
- Bravo, L, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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| 21. |
- Tabiri, S, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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