| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Bignert, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Övervakning av metaller och organiska miljögifter i marin biota, 2011
- 2011
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The environmental toxicants examined in this report can be classified into five groups –heavy metals, chlorinated compounds, brominated flame retardants, polyaromatichydrocarbons and perfluorinated compounds. Each of these contaminants has beenexamined from various sites for up to six different fish species, in blue mussels, and inguillemot eggs, for varying lengths of time. The following summary examines overalltrends, spatial and temporal, for the five groups.Condition and Fat ContentCondition and fat content in different species tended to follow the same pattern at the samesites, with a few exceptions. Most of the fish species generally displayed a decreasing trendin both condition and fat content at most sites examined. Exceptions to this were increasesin fat content seen in herring (the last ten years) and cod at Fladen; an increase in conditionfor herring at Ängskärsklubb in spring; and in perch, a decrease in fat content atKvädöfjärden but no trend in condition for the same site.Heavy MetalsDue to a change in methods for metal analysis (not Hg) in 2004, values between 2003 and2007 should be interpreted with care. From 2009 metals are analyzed at ITM, Stockholmuniversity.The longer time series in guillemot egg and spring-caught herring from the southernBothnian Sea and southern Baltic Proper show significant decreases of mercury. Theherring site in the southern Bothnain Sea indicates a local Hg-source. The rest of the timeseries show varying concentrations over the study period, and even increasing trends in e.g.cod muscle and blue mussels, but the concentrations are fairly low compared to measuredconcentrations in perch from fresh water and coastal sites. However, in most cases, theseconcentrations are above the newly suggested EU-target level of 20 ng/g wet weight.Lead is generally decreasing over the study period (in time series of sufficient length),supposedly due to the elimination of lead in gasoline. Elevated lead concentrations between2003 and 2007 (e.g. Harufjärden) should be viewed with caution (see above regardingchange in analysis methods).Cadmium concentrations show varying non-linear trends over the monitored period. It isworth noting that despite several measures taken to reduce discharges of cadmium,generally the most recent concentrations are similar to concentrations measured 30 yearsago in the longer time series.The reported nickel concentrations show no consistent decreasing trends. Some series beginwith two elevated values that exert a strong leverage effect on the regression line and maygive a false impression of decreasing trends. Chromium generally shows decreasing trends,possibly explained by a shift in analytical method. The essential trace metals, copper andzinc, show no consistent trends during the monitored period.
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| 3. |
- Bläckberg, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Eubacterium bacteremia – a retrospective observational study of a seldom found anaerobic pathogen
- 2024
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In: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease. - 1879-0070. ; 108:4
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundHuman infections due to Eubacterium are rare and knowledge of the condition is limited. This study aimed to describe clinical characteristics and outcome in patients with Eubacterium bacteremia.MethodsEpisodes of Eubacterium bacteremia were identified through the clinical microbiology laboratory in Lund, Sweden. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Blood isolates of Eubacterium were collected and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed with agar dilution.ResultsSeventeen patients with Eubacterium bacteremia were identified of whom six had monomicrobial bacteremia. The incidence was 1.7 cases of Eubacterium bacteremia per million inhabitants and year. The median age was 67 years (interquartile range 63-79 years), and six patients had some form of malignancy. Most of the patients an abdominal focus of infection and the 30-day mortality was low (n=1).ConclusionsInvasive infections with Eubacterium have a low incidence. The condition has a low mortality and an abdominal focus of infection, and malignancy, is common.
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| 4. |
- Lindquist, Kajsa Ericson, et al.
(author)
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Clinical framework for next generation sequencing based analysis of treatment predictive mutations and multiplexed gene fusion detection in non-small cell lung cancer
- 2017
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In: Oncotarget. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1949-2553. ; 8:21, s. 34796-34810
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Precision medicine requires accurate multi-gene clinical diagnostics. We describe the implementation of an Illumina TruSight Tumor (TST) clinical NGS diagnostic framework and parallel validation of a NanoString RNA-based ALK, RET, and ROS1 gene fusion assay for combined analysis of treatment predictive alterations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a regional healthcare region of Sweden (Scandinavia). The TST panel was clinically validated in 81 tumors (99% hotspot mutation concordance), after which 533 consecutive NSCLCs were collected during one-year of routine clinical analysis in the healthcare region (~90% advanced stage patients). The NanoString assay was evaluated in 169 of 533 cases. In the 533-sample cohort 79% had 1-2 variants, 12% >2 variants and 9% no detected variants. Ten gene fusions (five ALK, three RET, two ROS1) were detected in 135 successfully analyzed cases (80% analysis success rate). No ALK or ROS1 FISH fusion positive case was missed by the NanoString assay. Stratification of the 533-sample cohort based on actionable alterations in 11 oncogenes revealed that 66% of adenocarcinomas, 13% of squamous carcinoma (SqCC) and 56% of NSCLC not otherwise specified harbored ≥1 alteration. In adenocarcinoma, 10.6% of patients (50.3% if including KRAS) could potentially be eligible for emerging therapeutics, in addition to the 15.3% of patients eligible for standard EGFR or ALK inhibitors. For squamous carcinoma corresponding proportions were 4.4% (11.1% with KRAS) vs 2.2%. In conclusion, multiplexed NGS and gene fusion analyses are feasible in NSCLC for clinical diagnostics, identifying notable proportions of patients potentially eligible for emerging molecular therapeutics.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Söndergaard Hansen, Jesper, et al.
(author)
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Perilipin 1 binds to aquaporin 7 in human adipocytes and controls its mobility via protein kinase A mediated phosphorylation
- 2016
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In: Metabolism-Clinical and Experimental. - : Elsevier BV. - 0026-0495. ; 65:12, s. 1731-1742
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulated glycerol metabolism contributes to the pathophysiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Glycerol efflux from adipocytes is regulated by the aquaglyceroporin AQP7, which is translocated upon hormone stimulation. Here, we propose a molecular mechanism where the AQP7 mobility in adipocytes is dependent on perilipin 1 and protein kinase A. Biochemical analyses combined with ex vivo studies in human primary adipocytes, demonstrate that perilipin 1 binds to AQP7, and that catecholamine activated protein kinase A phosphorylates the N-terminus of AQP7, thereby reducing complex formation. Together, these findings are indicative of how glycerol release is controlled in adipocytes, and may pave the way for the future design of drugs against human metabolic pathologies.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Wendin, Karin, 1963-, et al.
(author)
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Do facial reactions add new dimensions to measuring sensory responses to basic tastes?
- 2011
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In: Food Quality and Preference. - 0950-3293 .- 1873-6343. ; 22:4, s. 346-354
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Basic taste solutions induce sensory perceptions via taste receptors and give rise to specific facial reactions. Many of these have been shown to be innate. The aim of this study was to explore relationships between the sensory perception of basic taste solutions at different concentrations and facial reactions. Basic taste solutions each at three levels plus water were served to a panel. The assessors individually identified quality, intensity and pleasantness. They were recorded during tasting and their facial reactions (based on FACS) were coded and analysed. Facial reactions indicated both quality and concentration of the stimuli. The intensity of most facial reactions increased with increasing stimulus concentration, most pronounced for sourness (lips) and bitterness (eyes and forehead). Pleasantness ratings decreased with increasing concentrations of all basic tastes. Water and the lowest sucrose concentration were perceived as the most pleasant samples and gave rise to the lowest intensity of facial reactions. The study showed that a combination of sensory analyses and facial expressions was successful in adding further insight to the knowledge of perception of basic tastes.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Almquist, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Kloka kliniska val – att avstå det som inte gör nytta för patienten : [Choosing Wisely in Sweden]
- 2023
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In: Läkartidningen. - : Sveriges Läkarförbund. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 120
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Overdiagnosis and overtreatment receive increasing attention. More than 20 percent of health expenditure is without patient benefit, so-called low-value care. Several national and international initiatives have been launched to minimize low-value care. Arguably, the most widely spread initiative is Choosing Wisely. First launched by the American Board of Internal Medicine in 2012, this campaign has spread to more than 20 countries. The Swedish Society of Medicine has identified low-value care as a significant problem in Swedish health care and has established a working group to investigate if and how a campaign based on Choosing Wisely would be feasible in Sweden. Here, the working group reports on the history of Choosing Wisely, identifies potential challenges for deimplementation generally and in the Swedish context specifically.
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| 11. |
- Andersson, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Only amyloidogenic inermediates of transthyretin induce apoptosis
- 2002
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In: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - : Carolina Academic Press. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 294:2, s. 309-314
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In diseases like Alzheimer's disease and familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) amyloid deposits co-localize with areas of neurodegeneration. FAP is associated with mutations of the plasma protein transthyretin (TTR). We can here show an apoptotic effect of amyloidogenic mutants of TTR on a human neuroblastoma cell line. Toxicity could be blocked by catalase indicating a free oxygen radical dependent mechanism. The toxic effect was dependent on the state of aggregation and unexpectedly mature fibrils from FAP-patients who failed to exert an apoptotic response. Morphological studies revealed a correlation between toxicity and the presence of immature amyloid. Thus, we can show that toxicity is associated with early stages of fibril formation and propose that mature full-length fibrils represent an inert end stage, which might serve as a rescue mechanism.
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| 12. |
- Axelsson, Susanna, et al.
(author)
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Effect of combined caries-preventive methods: a systematic review of controlled clinical trials.
- 2004
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In: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 62:3, s. 163-9
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the caries-preventive effect of combined caries-preventive methods, defined as two or more different interventions in combination, each expected to prevent dental caries. The Medline database was searched for articles published in the period January 1966 to June 2003. Twenty-four controlled studies met the inclusion criteria, and their value as evidence was assessed according to predetermined criteria. The level of evidence for the overall conclusion regarding each method was graded according to the protocol of the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care. The scientific evidence for the combination of treatments involving fluoride that had a preventive effect on caries in children and adolescents was graded as moderate. However, for elderly patients the scientific evidence for the caries-preventive effect of different combinations of treatments was found to be incomplete. No conclusion could be drawn regarding the evidence for combinations of treatments being effective for groups at high caries risk, as the results from the identified clinical studies were conflicting.
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| 13. |
- Axfors, Cathrine, et al.
(author)
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Association between convalescent plasma treatment and mortality in COVID-19 : a collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
- 2021
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In: BMC Infectious Diseases. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2334. ; 21:1
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Convalescent plasma has been widely used to treat COVID-19 and is under investigation in numerous randomized clinical trials, but results are publicly available only for a small number of trials. The objective of this study was to assess the benefits of convalescent plasma treatment compared to placebo or no treatment and all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19, using data from all available randomized clinical trials, including unpublished and ongoing trials (Open Science Framework, ). Methods: In this collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis, clinical trial registries (ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform), the Cochrane COVID-19 register, the LOVE database, and PubMed were searched until April 8, 2021. Investigators of trials registered by March 1, 2021, without published results were contacted via email. Eligible were ongoing, discontinued and completed randomized clinical trials that compared convalescent plasma with placebo or no treatment in COVID-19 patients, regardless of setting or treatment schedule. Aggregated mortality data were extracted from publications or provided by investigators of unpublished trials and combined using the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman random effects model. We investigated the contribution of unpublished trials to the overall evidence. Results: A total of 16,477 patients were included in 33 trials (20 unpublished with 3190 patients, 13 published with 13,287 patients). 32 trials enrolled only hospitalized patients (including 3 with only intensive care unit patients). Risk of bias was low for 29/33 trials. Of 8495 patients who received convalescent plasma, 1997 died (23%), and of 7982 control patients, 1952 died (24%). The combined risk ratio for all-cause mortality was 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.92; 1.02) with between-study heterogeneity not beyond chance (I-2 = 0%). The RECOVERY trial had 69.8% and the unpublished evidence 25.3% of the weight in the meta-analysis. Conclusions: Convalescent plasma treatment of patients with COVID-19 did not reduce all-cause mortality. These results provide strong evidence that convalescent plasma treatment for patients with COVID-19 should not be used outside of randomized trials. Evidence synthesis from collaborations among trial investigators can inform both evidence generation and evidence application in patient care.
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| 14. |
- Axling, Ulrika, et al.
(author)
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Effects of rose hip intake on risk markers of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over investigation in obese persons.
- 2012
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In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5640 .- 0954-3007. ; 66:5, s. 585-590
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:In studies performed in mice, rose hip powder has been shown to both prevent and reverse high-fat diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance as well as reduce plasma levels of cholesterol. The aim of this study was to investigate whether daily intake of rose hip powder over 6 weeks exerts beneficial metabolic effects in obese individuals.SUBJECTS/METHODS:A total of 31 obese individuals with normal or impaired glucose tolerance were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study in which metabolic effects of daily intake of a rose hip powder drink over 6 weeks was compared with a control drink. Body weight, glucose tolerance, blood pressure, blood lipids and markers of inflammation were assessed in the subjects.RESULTS:In comparison with the control drink, 6 weeks of daily consumption of the rose hip drink resulted in a significant reduction of systolic blood pressure (-3.4%; P=0.021), total plasma cholesterol (-4.9%; P=0.0018), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (-6.0%; P=0.012) and LDL/HDL ratio (-6.5%; P=0.041). The Reynolds risk assessment score for cardiovascular disease was decreased in the rose hip group compared with the control group (-17%; P=0.007). Body weight, diastolic blood pressure, glucose tolerance, and plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, incretins and markers of inflammation did not differ between the two groups.CONCLUSIONS:Daily consumption of 40 g of rose hip powder for 6 weeks can significantly reduce cardiovascular risk in obese people through lowering of systolic blood pressure and plasma cholesterol levels.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, 14 December 2011; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2011.203.
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| 15. |
- Axling, Ulrika, et al.
(author)
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Green tea powder and Lactobacillus plantarum affect gut microbiota, lipid metabolism and inflammation in high-fat fed C57BL/6J mice
- 2012
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In: Nutrition & Metabolism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1743-7075. ; 9:105
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Type 2 diabetes is associated with obesity, ectopic lipid accumulation and low-grade inflammation. A dysfunctional gut microbiota has been suggested to participate in the pathogenesis of the disease. Green tea is rich in polyphenols and has previously been shown to exert beneficial metabolic effects. Lactobacillus plantarum has the ability to metabolize phenolic acids. The health promoting effect of whole green tea powder as a prebiotic compound has not been thoroughly investigated previously. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet with or without a supplement of 4% green tea powder (GT), and offered drinking water supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 15313 (Lp) or the combination of both (Lp + GT) for 22 weeks. Parameters related to obesity, glucose tolerance, lipid metabolism, hepatic steatosis and inflammation were examined. Small intestinal tissue and caecal content were collected for bacterial analysis. Results: Mice in the Lp + GT group had significantly more Lactobacillus and higher diversity of bacteria in the intestine compared to both mice in the control and the GT group. Green tea strongly reduced the body fat content and hepatic triacylglycerol and cholesterol accumulation. The reduction was negatively correlated to the amount of Akkermansia and/or the total amount of bacteria in the small intestine. Markers of inflammation were reduced in the Lp + GT group compared to control. PLS analysis of correlations between the microbiota and the metabolic variables of the individual mice showed that relatively few components of the microbiota had high impact on the correlation model. Conclusions: Green tea powder in combination with a single strain of Lactobacillus plantarum was able to promote growth of Lactobacillus in the intestine and to attenuate high fat diet-induced inflammation. In addition, a component of the microbiota, Akkermansia, correlated negatively with several metabolic parameters known to be risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes.
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| 16. |
- Berger, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Cereal Byproducts Have Prebiotic Potential in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet
- 2014
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In: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 62:32, s. 8169-8178
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Barley husks, rye bran, and a fiber residue from oat milk production were processed by heat pretreatment, various separation steps, and treatment with an endoxylanase in order to improve the prebiotic potential of these cereal byproducts. Metabolic functions were intended to improve along with improved microbial activity. The products obtained were included in a high-fat mouse diet so that all diets contained 5% dietary fiber. In addition, high-fat and low-fat controls as well as partially hydrolyzed guar gum were included in the study. The soluble fiber product obtained from rye bran caused a significant increase in the bifidobacteria (log copies of 16S rRNA genes; median (25−75 percentile): 6.38 (6.04−6.66) and 7.47 (7.30−7.74), respectively; p < 0.001) in parallel with a tendency of increased production of propionic acid and indications of improved metabolic function compared with high-fat fed control mice. The oat-derived product caused an increase in the pool of cecal propionic (from 0.62 ± 0.12 to 0.94 ± 0.08) and butyric acid (from 0.38 ± 0.04 to 0.60 ± 0.04) compared with the high-fat control, and it caused a significant increase in lactobacilli (log copies of 16S rRNA genes; median (25−75 percentile): 6.83 (6.65−7.53) and 8.04 (7.86−8.33), respectively; p < 0.01) in the cecal mucosa. However, no changes in measured metabolic parameters were observed by either oat or barley products.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Berling Holm, Katarina, et al.
(author)
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Taste disturbance after stapes surgery : an evaluation of frequency, severity, duration, and quality-of-life
- 2017
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In: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 37:1, s. 39-43
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Conclusion: The incidence of taste disturbance after stapes surgery is high (61.9 %), whereas the majority (94.8 %) recovers within 1 year. More severe surgical nerve trauma caused more disturbance, implying that the nerve should be handled carefully during surgery. Objectives: Patients operated on for otosclerosis seem more often to complain about post-operative taste disturbance than those operated on for chronic otitis media, although the chorda tympani nerve more seldom becomes maltreated in stapedotomy. These observations seem paradoxical. It is unclear to what extent a post-operative taste disturbance affects the quality-of-life. This study aims to shed light on the occurrence of post-operative taste disturbances, on possible prognostic factors, and to what extent post-operative taste disturbance impairs the quality-of-life. Methods: One hundred and thirty-four adults undergoing primary stapedotomy were included. Questionnaires on taste disturbance and quality-of-life (SF-36) were answered before and after surgery, until 1 year post-operatively. Results: Eighty-three (61.9%) study persons reported post-operative taste disturbance. Seven (5.2%) reported persisting disturbance at 1 year. Surgically more traumatized chorda tympani nerves correlated with more severe taste disturbance post-operatively than less traumatized. Taste disturbance at 1 year post-operatively correlate with a decrease of the physical function domain in the SF-36.
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| 19. |
- Bhiladvala, Pallonji, et al.
(author)
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Early identification of acute myocardial infarction by activated protein C-protein C inhibitor complex.
- 2006
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In: Thrombosis Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-2472 .- 0049-3848. ; 118:Aug 10, s. 213-219
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Increased coagulation activity due to coronary thrombosis in a ruptured plaque should result in activation of the protein C anticoagulant system with formation of complexes between activated protein C (APC) and,the protein C inhibitor (PCI), which reflects coagulation activity. We hypothesized that elevated APC-PCI concentration might allow earlier detection of ongoing myocardial infarction than traditional biochemical markers. We have evaluated a newly devised immunofluorimetric assay for measuring plasma concentration of APC-PCI complexes among patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome. Materials and methods: Blood samples were taken from 340 patients (median 71 years, range 31-97) with suspected acute coronary syndrome at first presentation in the emergency department. Electrocardiogram was recorded and APC PCI, Troponin I and Creatine kinase-MB concentrations were repeatedly measured 3 times at 6 h interval. Results: The 74 patients who were eventually diagnosed with myocardial infarction had a higher median level of APC-PCI complex than those Without myocardial damage; 0.27 vs. 0.20 mu g/L (p = 0.001). In a multivariate regression model, APC-PCI level in the fourth quartile (> 0.32 mu g/L) independently predicted myocardial infarction with an odds ratio of 3.7 (95% CI 1.4-9.6, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Early APC-PCI elevation can be detected among patients with a normal first Troponin I and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction and provides additional risk assessment in acute coronary syndrome. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Bignert, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Comments Concerning the National Swedish Contaminant Monitoring Programme in Marine Biota, 2015
- 2015
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The environmental toxicants examined in this report can be classified into five groups – heavy metals, chlorinated compounds, brominated flame retardants, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and perfluorinated compounds. Each of these contaminants have been examined from various sites for up to six different fish species, in blue mussels, and in guillemot eggs, for varying lengths of time. The following summary examines overall trends, spatial and temporal, for the five groups.Condition and Fat ContentCondition and fat content in different species tended to follow the same pattern at the same sites, with a few exceptions. Most of the fish species generally displayed a decreasing trend in both condition and fat content at most sites examined. Exceptions to this were increases in condition factor seen in cod liver at Fladen, perch muscle at Kvädöfjärden, and for herring at Ängskärsklubb in spring. Also, an increase in fat content was seen during the most recent ten years for herring at Ängskärsklubb in spring. There were also some sites where no log linear trends were seen.Heavy MetalsDue to a change in methods for metal analysis (not mercury) in 2004, values between 2003 and 2007 should be interpreted with care. From 2009 metals are analyzed at ACES, Stockholm University.Generally, higher mercury concentrations are found in the Bothnian Bay, but also from one station in the Northern parts of Baltic Proper, compared to other parts of the Swedish coastline. The time series show varying concentrations over the study period. The longer time series in guillemot egg and spring-caught herring from the southern Bothnian Sea and southern Baltic Proper show significant decreases of mercury. On the other hand, increasing concentrations are seen in e.g., cod muscle, but the concentrations are fairly low compared to measured concentrations in perch from fresh water and coastal sites. In most cases, the mercury concentrations are above the EQSbiota of 20 ng/g wet weight.Lead is generally decreasing over the study period (in time series of sufficient length), supposedly due to the elimination of lead in gasoline. The highest concentrations are seen in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. Elevated lead concentrations between 2003 and 2007 (e.g. Harufjärden) should be viewed with caution (see above regarding change in analysis methods). Lead concentrations are below the suggested target level at all stations.Cadmium concentrations show varying non-linear trends over the monitored period. It is worth noting that despite several measures taken to reduce discharges of cadmium, generally the most recent concentrations are similar to concentrations measured 30 yearsago in the longer time series. Cadmium concentrations in herring and perch are all below the suggested target level of 160 μg/kg wet weight.The reported nickel concentrations show no consistent decreasing trends. Some series begin with two elevated values that exert a strong leverage effect on the regression line and may give a false impression of decreasing trends. Chromium generally shows decreasing concentrations, possibly explained by a shift in analytical method. The essential trace metals, copper and zinc, show no consistent trends during the monitored period.Generally higher concentrations of arsenic and silver are found along the west coast compared to other parts of the Sweadish coast line. However for silver a few stations in the Bothnian Sea and Bothnian Bay show comparable concentrations to the west coast stations.Chlorinated CompoundsGenerally, a decreasing concentrations were observed for all compounds (DDT’s, PCB’s, HCH’s, HCB) in all species examined, with a few exceptions, such as no change in TCDD-equivalents being seen in herring muscle (except at Änskärsklubb where very high concentrations at the beginning of the sampling period were seen and also at the west coast station Fladen). The longer time-series in guillemot also show a marked decrease in TCDD-equivalents from the start in the late 1960s until about 1985 from where no change occurred for many years, however, during the most recent ten years a decrease in the concentration is seen. Concentrations of DDE and CB-118 are for some species and sites still above their respective target levels.The chlorinated compounds generally show higher concentrations in the Bothnian Sea and/or Baltic Proper when compared to the Bothnian Bay and the Swedish west coast.Brominated Flame RetardantsElevated levels of HBCDD are seen in sites from the Baltic Proper, while the investigated PBDEs show higher concentrations in the Bothnian Bay. In addition, lower concentrations of all investigated PBDEs and HBCDD are seen on the Swedish west coast compared to the east coast. Temporally, significant increases in BDE-47, -99 and -100 have been seen in guillemot eggs since the late 1960s until the early 1990s, where concentrations then began to show decreases. Also, the concentration of HBCDD in guillemot eggs shows a decrease during the most recent ten years. For fish and blue mussels, BDE-47, -99, and -153 decreased at some sites and showed no trend at other sites. The concentration of HBCDD in fish and blue mussels showed inconsistent trends. The concentration of HBCDD is below the EQSbiota of 167 μg/kg wet weight for all fish species from all areas, while the concentration of BDE-47 alone is above the EQSbiota for sumPBDE of 0.0085 ng/g wet weight.PAHsOnly blue mussels have been examined for spatial differences in PAH concentrations. Concentration of ΣPAH was found to be higher from Kvädöfjärden in the Baltic Proper compared to stations at the West coast, but individual PAHs showed varying spatial patterns. Over time, acenaphthalene was rarely found above the detection limit. Significant decreasing trends were observed for ΣPAH, chrysene, fluoranthene and pyrene at Fjällbacka; for naphthalene at Kvädöfjärden; and for pyrene at Fladen.All time series where concentrations of various PAHs were compared with the target value based on OSPAR Ecological Assessment Criteria, or EC Environmental Quality Standards were below the target value.PFASsPFHxS and PFOS show a similar spatial pattern, but PFOS concentrations were approximately 25 times higher than PFHxS levels. The distribution of PFOS is quite homogenous along the Swedish coast but with somewhat higher concentrations in the Baltic Proper. PFOS concentrations in guillemot eggs are about 100-200 times higher than in herring liver. An overall increasing concentration of PFOS in guillemot eggs has been observed throughout the whole time period, however, during the most recent ten years, a change of direction is detected. The longer herring time series from Harufjärden, Landsort, and Utlängan show increasing concentrations for PFOS and most carboxylates. For FOSA, on the other hand, decreasing concentrations are seen during the most recent ten years.Organotin compoundsThe majority of the analysed tinorganic compounds showed concentrations below LOQ. However TBT and DPhT showed concentrations above LOQ at all stations with highest reported concentrations in fish from Örefjärden in the northern part of Bothnian Sea.
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| 22. |
- Bignert, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Övervakning av metaller och organiska miljögifter i marin biota, 2012
- 2012
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The environmental toxicants examined in this report can be classified into five groups –heavy metals, chlorinated compounds, brominated flame retardants, polyaromatichydrocarbons and perfluorinated compounds. Each of these contaminants has beenexamined from various sites for up to six different fish species, in blue mussels, and inguillemot eggs, for varying lengths of time. The following summary examines overalltrends, spatial and temporal, for the five groups.Condition and Fat ContentCondition and fat content in different species tended to follow the same pattern at the samesites, with a few exceptions. Most of the fish species generally displayed a decreasing trendin both condition and fat content at most sites examined. Exceptions to this were increasesin fat content and condition factor seen in cod liver at both sites; an increase in conditionfor herring at Ängskärsklubb in spring; and in perch and eelpout, a decrease in fat content atKvädöfjärden (perch) and Väderöarna (eelpout) but no trend in condition for the same site.Heavy MetalsDue to a change in methods for metal analysis (not Hg) in 2004, values between 2003 and2007 should be interpreted with care. From 2009 metals are analyzed at ITM, StockholmUniversity.The longer time series in guillemot egg and spring-caught herring from the southernBothnian Sea and southern Baltic Proper show significant decreases of mercury. Theherring site in the southern Bothnain Sea indicates a local Hg-source. The rest of the timeseries show varying concentrations over the study period, and even increasing trends in e.g.cod muscle and eelpout muscle from Väderöarna, but the concentrations are fairly lowcompared to measured concentrations in perch from fresh water and coastal sites. However,in most cases, these concentrations are above the newly suggested EU-target level of 20ng/g wet weight.Lead is generally decreasing over the study period (in time series of sufficient length),supposedly due to the elimination of lead in gasoline. Elevated lead concentrationsbetween 2003 and 2007 (e.g. Harufjärden) should be viewed with caution (see aboveregarding change in analysis methods).Cadmium concentrations show varying non-linear trends over the monitored period. It isworth noting that despite several measures taken to reduce discharges of cadmium,generally the most recent concentrations are similar to concentrations measured 30 yearsago in the longer time series.The reported nickel concentrations show no consistent decreasing trends. Some series beginwith two elevated values that exert a strong leverage effect on the regression line and maygive a false impression of decreasing trends. Chromium generally shows decreasing trends,possibly explained by a shift in analytical method. The essential trace metals, copper andzinc, show no consistent trends during the monitored period.
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- Blundell, John E, et al.
(author)
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Variations in the Prevalence of Obesity Among European Countries, and a Consideration of Possible Causes.
- 2017
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In: Obesity facts. - : S. Karger AG. - 1662-4033 .- 1662-4025. ; 10:1, s. 25-37
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Over the last 10 years the prevalence of obesity across the European continent has in general been rising. With the exception of a few countries where a levelling-off can be perceived, albeit at a high level, this upward trend seems likely to continue. However, considerable country to country variation is noticeable, with the proportion of people with obesity varying by 10% or more. This variation is intriguing and suggests the existence of different profiles of risk or protection factors operating in different countries. The identification of such protection factors could indicate suitable targets for interventions to help manage the obesity epidemic in Europe. This report is the output of a 2-day workshop on the 'Diversity of Obesity in Europe'. The workshop included 14 delegates from 12 different European countries. This report contains the contributions and discussions of the materials and viewpoints provided by these 14 experts; it is not the output of a single mind. However, such is the nature of scientific analysis regarding obesity that it is possible that a different set of 14 experts may have come to a different set of conclusions. Therefore the report should not be seen as a definitive statement of a stable situation. Rather it is a focus for discussion and comment, and a vehicle to drive forward further understanding and management of obesity in Europe.
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