| 1. |
- Fretwell, P., et al.
(author)
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Bedmap2 : improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica
- 2013
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In: The Cryosphere. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1994-0416 .- 1994-0424. ; 7:1, s. 375-393
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present Bedmap2, a new suite of gridded products describing surface elevation, ice-thickness and the seafloor and subglacial bed elevation of the Antarctic south of 60 degrees S. We derived these products using data from a variety of sources, including many substantial surveys completed since the original Bedmap compilation (Bedmap1) in 2001. In particular, the Bedmap2 ice thickness grid is made from 25 million measurements, over two orders of magnitude more than were used in Bedmap1. In most parts of Antarctica the subglacial landscape is visible in much greater detail than was previously available and the improved data-coverage has in many areas revealed the full scale of mountain ranges, valleys, basins and troughs, only fragments of which were previously indicated in local surveys. The derived statistics for Bedmap2 show that the volume of ice contained in the Antarctic ice sheet (27 million km(3)) and its potential contribution to sea-level rise (58 m) are similar to those of Bedmap1, but the mean thickness of the ice sheet is 4.6% greater, the mean depth of the bed beneath the grounded ice sheet is 72m lower and the area of ice sheet grounded on bed below sea level is increased by 10 %. The Bedmap2 compilation highlights several areas beneath the ice sheet where the bed elevation is substantially lower than the deepest bed indicated by Bedmap1. These products, along with grids of data coverage and uncertainty, provide new opportunities for detailed modelling of the past and future evolution of the Antarctic ice sheets.
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| 2. |
- Janssens-Maenhout, G., et al.
(author)
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Toward an operational anthropogenic CO2 emissions monitoring and verification support capacity
- 2020
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In: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. - 0003-0007. ; 101:8, s. 1439-1451
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Under the Paris Agreement (PA), progress of emission reduction efforts is tracked on the basis of regular updates to national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories, referred to as bottom-up estimates. However, only top-down atmospheric measurements can provide observation-based evidence of emission trends. Today, there is no internationally agreed, operational capacity to monitor anthropogenic GHG emission trends using atmospheric measurements to complement national bottom-up inventories. The European Commission (EC), the European Space Agency, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, and international experts are joining forces to develop such an operational capacity for monitoring anthropogenic CO2 emissions as a new CO2 service under the EC's Copernicus program. Design studies have been used to translate identified needs into defined requirements and functionalities of this anthropogenic CO2 emissions Monitoring and Verification Support (CO2MVS) capacity. It adopts a holistic view and includes components such as atmospheric spaceborne and in situ measurements, bottom-up CO2 emission maps, improved modeling of the carbon cycle, an operational data-assimilation system integrating top-down and bottom-up information, and a policy-relevant decision support tool. The CO2MVS capacity with operational capabilities by 2026 is expected to visualize regular updates of global CO2 emissions, likely at 0.05° x 0.05°. This will complement the PA's enhanced transparency framework, providing actionable information on anthropogenic CO2 emissions that are the main driver of climate change. This information will be available to all stakeholders, including governments and citizens, allowing them to reflect on trends and effectiveness of reduction measures. The new EC gave the green light to pass the CO2MVS from exploratory to implementing phase.
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| 3. |
- Ballantyne, Kaye N., et al.
(author)
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Toward Male Individualization with Rapidly Mutating Y-Chromosomal Short Tandem Repeats
- 2014
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In: Human Mutation. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1059-7794 .- 1098-1004. ; 35:8, s. 1021-1032
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Relevant for various areas of human genetics, Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are commonly used for testing close paternal relationships among individuals and populations, and for male lineage identification. However, even the widely used 17-loci Yfiler set cannot resolve individuals and populations completely. Here, 52 centers generated quality-controlled data of 13 rapidly mutating (RM) Y-STRs in 14,644 related and unrelated males from 111 worldwide populations. Strikingly, greater than99% of the 12,272 unrelated males were completely individualized. Haplotype diversity was extremely high (global: 0.9999985, regional: 0.99836-0.9999988). Haplotype sharing between populations was almost absent except for six (0.05%) of the 12,156 haplotypes. Haplotype sharing within populations was generally rare (0.8% nonunique haplotypes), significantly lower in urban (0.9%) than rural (2.1%) and highest in endogamous groups (14.3%). Analysis of molecular variance revealed 99.98% of variation within populations, 0.018% among populations within groups, and 0.002% among groups. Of the 2,372 newly and 156 previously typed male relative pairs, 29% were differentiated including 27% of the 2,378 father-son pairs. Relative to Yfiler, haplotype diversity was increased in 86% of the populations tested and overall male relative differentiation was raised by 23.5%. Our study demonstrates the value of RMY-STRs in identifying and separating unrelated and related males and provides a reference database.
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| 4. |
- Budelmann, D., et al.
(author)
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Antiferromagnetic and superconducting proximity effects in YBa2Cu3O7-delta/PrBa2Cu3O7-delta superlattices
- 2003
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In: Physical Review B Condensed Matter. - 0163-1829 .- 1095-3795. ; 67, s. 140507-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigate the interplay between the antiferromagnetic and superconducting order parameters in YBa2Cu3O7-delta/PrBa2Cu3O7-delta superlattices by inelastic light scattering. The ratio of superconducting to antiferromagnetic order is varied through different modulations 4/6, 4/9, and 4/12 of (Y/Pr)Ba2Cu3O7-delta layers. This allows us to identify the proximity effect of the superconducting order parameter into the antiferromagnetic barrier as signified, e.g., by the sharpening of the two-magnon excitation. This proximity effect as well as gap feature and phonon anomalies reveals the delicate interplay between superconducting and antiferromagnetic order parameters.
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| 5. |
- Claesson, B, et al.
(author)
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Biliary microflora in acute cholecystitis and the clinical implications
- 1984
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In: Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica. - 0001-5482. ; 150:3, s. 229-237
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A prospective bacteriologic investigation was made in 43 consecutive patients (mean age 63 years) operated on for acute cholecystitis. Gallbladder bile and wall were cultured, using four methods and with special attention to optimal anaerobic technique. Cultures were positive in 72% of the patients, yielding a wide variety of species (21 species among 48 isolates). Anaerobes constituted 23% of the isolates. Cultures from gallbladder bile and from gallbladder wall gave almost identical results, as did sampling at the beginning and at the end of cholecystectomy. Bactibilia was found in all patients operated on within 48 hours after the onset of symptoms. Bactibilia and postoperative septic complications showed statistically significant correlation with high patient age. Bactibilia and gallbladder gangrene were significantly correlated with preoperative temperature greater than 38.5 degrees C. There was coincidence of strains isolated from local wound sepsis and from peroperatively sampled gallbladder bile. Adequate preoperative or peroperative antibiotic therapy according to susceptibility testing was associated with significantly reduced rate of postoperative septic complications. The study indicates that bacteria are present early in the course of acute cholecystitis and that they are causally important for postoperative morbidity and mortality.
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| 6. |
- Claesson, B E, et al.
(author)
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Microflora of the gallbladder related to duration of acute cholecystitis
- 1986
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In: Surgery Gynecology and Obstetrics. - 0039-6087. ; 162:6, s. 531-535
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The microflora of the bile and wall of the gallbladder was prospectively investigated in 104 nonselected consecutive patients treated with early cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis after an average hospital stay of 1.8 days. The chief purpose was to relate the findings of cultures to duration of the illness. Special attention was paid to anaerobic isolation techniques. The cultures yielded 107 strains, representing 36 species, with overall agreement between four different sampling procedures. Aerobic gram-negative rods predominated, followed by streptococci and anaerobes (48, 31 and 15 per cent, respectively). The incidence of positive culture results (always greater than or equal to 10(6) colon forming units per milliliter) was 81 per cent among the patients who underwent operation within two days from the onset of symptoms and 50 to 65 per cent after longer preoperative intervals. The shorter interval was significantly more often associated with growth solely of anaerobes (p = 0.03). Postoperative sepsis was caused by biliary bacteria and not related to preoperative duration of illness. Appropriate perioperative antibiotic coverage significantly reduced sepsis--3 versus 20 per cent (p = 0.05).
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| 7. |
- Claesson, B E, et al.
(author)
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Selective cefuroxime prophylaxis following colorectal surgery based on intra-operative dipslide culture
- 1986
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In: British Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2168 .- 0007-1323. ; 73:12, s. 953-957
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The concept of a very limited effective period for prophylactic antibiotic action was challenged in a prospective, controlled and randomized study featuring a simplified method for assessing the degree of contamination in the operative field during colorectal surgery. The 226 patients were given 1 g metronidazole IV on induction of anaesthesia and 12 h postoperatively. Following standardized saline irrigation of the abdominal cavity, a uriculture dipslide was dipped in the residual fluid just before abdominal closure. The dipslide was incubated for 18 h, and colony counts of coliforms and Staphylococcus aureus were made. The number of colony-forming units (CFU) was classified as 0, 1-4 or greater than or equal to 5 (n = 123, 33 and 70). The patients with CFU greater than or equal to 5 were randomized to receive cefuroxime (1.5 g IV/8 h for 2 days) or no more antibiotics. In the patients given only metronidazole, the incidence of postoperative infections rose with the colony counts (5.7, 9.1 and 41.2 per cent with CFU 0, 1-4 and greater than or equal to 5). Addition of cefuroxime reduced the 41.2 per cent infection rate to 8.3 per cent (P = 0.003). The method thus identified a high-risk group in which a short postoperative course of cefuroxime significantly lowered the rate of sepsis.
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| 8. |
- Eklund, Anders, et al.
(author)
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The Pressure Difference between Eye and Brain Changes with Posture
- 2016
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In: Annals of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0364-5134 .- 1531-8249. ; 80:2, s. 269-276
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The discovery of a posture-dependent effect on the difference between intraocular pressure (IOP) and intracranial pressure (ICP) at the level of lamina cribrosa could have important implications for understanding glaucoma and idiopathic intracranial hypertension and could help explain visual impairments in astronauts exposed to microgravity. The aim of this study was to determine the postural influence on the difference between simultaneously measured ICP and IOP.Methods: Eleven healthy adult volunteers (age = 46 ± 10 years) were investigated with simultaneous ICP, assessed through lumbar puncture, and IOP measurements when supine, sitting, and in 9° head-down tilt (HDT). The trans–lamina cribrosa pressure difference (TLCPD) was calculated as the difference between the IOP and ICP. To estimate the pressures at the lamina cribrosa, geometrical distances were estimated from magnetic resonance imaging and used to adjust for hydrostatic effects.Results: The TLCPD (in millimeters of mercury) between IOP and ICP was 12.3 ± 2.2 for supine, 19.8 ± 4.6 for sitting, and 6.6 ± 2.5 for HDT. The expected 24-hour average TLCPD on earth—assuming 8 hours supine and 16 hours upright—was estimated to be 17.3mmHg. By removing the hydrostatic effects on pressure, a corresponding 24-hour average TLCPD in microgravity environment was simulated to be 6.7mmHg.Interpretation: We provide a possible physiological explanation for how microgravity can cause symptoms similar to those seen in patients with elevated ICP. The observed posture dependency of TLCPD also implies that assessment of the difference between IOP and ICP in upright position may offer new understanding of the pathophysiology of idiopathic intracranial hypertension and glaucoma.
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| 9. |
- Holmlund, Petter, et al.
(author)
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Human jugular vein collapse in the upright posture : implications for postural intracranial pressure regulation
- 2017
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In: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS. - : BioMed Central. - 2045-8118. ; 14
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Intracranial pressure (ICP) is directly related to cranial dural venous pressure (P-dural). In the upright posture, P-dural is affected by the collapse of the internal jugular veins (IJVs) but this regulation of the venous pressure has not been fully understood. A potential biomechanical description of this regulation involves a transmission of surrounding atmospheric pressure to the internal venous pressure of the collapsed IJVs. This can be accomplished if hydrostatic effects are cancelled by the viscous losses in these collapsed veins, resulting in specific IJV cross-sectional areas that can be predicted from flow velocity and vessel inclination. Methods: We evaluated this potential mechanism in vivo by comparing predicted area to measured IJV area in healthy subjects. Seventeen healthy volunteers (age 45 +/- 9 years) were examined using ultrasound to assess IJV area and flow velocity. Ultrasound measurements were performed in supine and sitting positions. Results: IJV area was 94.5 mm(2) in supine and decreased to 6.5 +/- 5.1 mm(2) in sitting position, which agreed with the predicted IJV area of 8.7 +/- 5.2 mm(2) (equivalence limit +/- 5 mm(2), one-sided t tests, p = 0.03, 33 IJVs). Conclusions: The agreement between predicted and measured IJV area in sitting supports the occurrence of a hydrostatic-viscous pressure balance in the IJVs, which would result in a constant pressure segment in these collapsed veins, corresponding to a zero transmural pressure. This balance could thus serve as the mechanism by which collapse of the IJVs regulates P-dural and consequently ICP in the upright posture.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Holmlund, Petter, et al.
(author)
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Venous collapse regulates intracranial pressure in upright body positions
- 2018
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In: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0363-6119 .- 1522-1490. ; 314:3, s. R377-R385
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent interest in intracranial pressure (ICP) in the upright posture has revealed that the mechanisms regulating postural changes in ICP are not fully understood. We have suggested an explanatory model where the postural changes in ICP depend on well-established hydrostatic effects in the venous system and where these effects are interrupted by collapse of the internal jugular veins (IJVs) in more upright positions. The aim of this study was to investigate this relationship by simultaneous invasive measurements of ICP, venous pressure and IJV collapse in healthy volunteers. ICP (monitored via the lumbar route), central venous pressure (PICC-line) and IJV cross-sectional area (ultrasound) were measured in 11 healthy volunteers (47±10 years) in seven positions, from supine to sitting (0°-69°). Venous pressure and anatomical distances were used to predict ICP in accordance with the explanatory model, and IJV area was used to assess IJV collapse. The hypothesis was tested by comparing measured ICP to predicted ICP. Our model accurately described the general behavior of the observed postural ICP changes (mean difference: -0.03±2.7 mmHg). No difference was found between predicted and measured ICP for any tilt-angle (p-values: 0.65 - 0.94). The results support the hypothesis that postural ICP changes are governed by hydrostatic effects in the venous system and IJV collapse. This improved understanding of the postural ICP regulation may have important implications for the development of better treatments for neurological and neurosurgical conditions affecting ICP.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Lao, O., et al.
(author)
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Correlation between Genetic and Geographic Structure in Europe
- 2008
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In: Current Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 18:16, s. 1241-1248
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Understanding the genetic structure of the European population is important, not only from a historical perspective, but also for the appropriate design and interpretation of genetic epidemiological studies. Previous population genetic analyses with autosomal markers in Europe either had a wide geographic but narrow genomic coverage [1, 2], or vice versa [3-6]. We therefore investigated Affymetrix GeneChip 500K genotype data from 2,514 individuals belonging to 23 different subpopulations, widely spread over Europe. Although we found only a low level of genetic differentiation between subpopulations, the existing differences were characterized by a strong continent-wide correlation between geographic and genetic distance. Furthermore, mean heterozygosity was larger, and mean linkage disequilibrium smaller, in southern as compared to northern Europe. Both parameters clearly showed a clinal distribution that provided evidence for a spatial continuity of genetic diversity in Europe. Our comprehensive genetic data are thus compatible with expectations based upon European population history, including the hypotheses of a south-north expansion and/or a larger effective population size in southern than in northern Europe. By including the widely used CEPH from Utah (CEU) samples into our analysis, we could show that these individuals represent northern and western Europeans reasonably well, thereby confirming their assumed regional ancestry. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Mätzsch, Thomas, et al.
(author)
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Cholescintigraphy: a valuable diagnostic method in acute cholecystitis
- 1983
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In: Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica. - 0001-5482. ; 149:2, s. 187-191
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In 91 patients (36 men, 55 women) who were hospitalized with symptoms of acute cholecystitis, cholescintigraphy was performed with 99m-Tc-ethyl-IDA, in order to evaluate the method in the diagnosis of acute inflammatory disease of the gallbladder. Five groups of patients were recognized: (A) abnormal scintigraphy and verified gallbladder disease, (B) abnormal scintigraphy without verified gallbladder disease (false positive). (C) normal cholescintigraphy but cholelithiasis (false negative), (D) normal cholescintigraphy and no gallbladder disease, and (E) cholescintigraphy in icteric patients. In the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis the sensitivity was 92% and the specificity was 88%. Cholescintigraphy is a useful method for proving or disproving a diagnosis of acute cholecystitis with non-patent cystic duct. It does not reveal calculi in biliary ducts or in a gallbladder with patent cystic duct. In icteric patients, cholescintigraphy has restricted usefulness at serum bilirubin level around 120 mumol or more.
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| 18. |
- Mätzsch, Thomas, et al.
(author)
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Vergleich von Indometacin und Ketobemidon als Analgetikum bei akuter Cholecystitis
- 1986
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In: Klinische Wochenschrift. - 0023-2173. ; 64:8, s. 353-356
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In an open, randomized prospective clinical trial the analgesic effect of indomethacin and ketobemidon was compared in 67 patients with acute cholecystitis (28 received 5 mg ketobemidon and 39 received 50 mg indomethacin). Both drugs showed a good and significant pain relief, exhibiting no significant difference in the analgesic effect and no serious adverse reactions. It was concluded that indomethacin administered intravenously is an alternative to ketobemidon intravenously in the treatment of pain resulting from acute cholecystitis and may offer some advantages.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Pinty, B, et al.
(author)
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An Operational Anthropogenic CO₂ Emissions Monitoring & Verification Support Capacity : Needs and High Level Requirements for in situ Measurements
- 2019
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This is the third report form the CO2 Monitoring Task Force on the multiple input streams of in-situ observations that are requirement for the Copernicus CO2 Monitoring and Verification Support capacity to: (i) calibrated and validate the space component, (ii) assimilate data in the models and integrate information in the core of the system, and (iii) evaluate the output generated by the system for its end users. The availability of sustained in situ networks is currently a significant factor of risk that needs to be mitigated to establish a European CO 2 support capacity which is fit-for-purpose. The current status of existing networks may be the source of large uncertainties in anthropogenicCO2 emission estimates as well as limited capability in meeting the requirements for country, large city and point source scale assessments. This conclusion results from a risk analysis formulated for four scenarios: 1) maintaining the status quo, 2) assuring sustained funding for the status quo, 3) enhancing network capabilities at European scale with sustained funding and 4) with a significantly improved in situ infrastructure in Europe and beyond. This report substantiates the multifaceted needs and requirements of the European CO2 support capacity with respect to in situ observations. The analysis concerns all core elements of the envisaged integrated system with a particular attention on the impact of such observations in achieving the proposed objectives. The specific needs for the validation of products delivered by the space component that is, the Copernicus Sentinels CO2 monitoring constellation, are addressed as another prerequisite for the success of the CO2 support capacity. This European asset will represent a significant contribution to the virtual constellation proposed by the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) and, accordingly, complementary requirements are elaborated in that international frame.The report highlights that although high measurement standards are present within existing networks such as ICOS, in the context of the needs for targeted in situ data for the realization of the operational system, these data are not fully fit-for-purpose. A fundamental prerequisite is to have a good geographical coverage over Europe for evaluating the data assimilation and modeling system over a large variety of environmental conditions such as, for instance, urban areas, agricultural regions, forested zones and industrial complexes. The in situ observations need to be extended under a coordinated European lead with sustained infrastructure and targeted additional and maintained long-term funding.It has been clearly understood from the onset that the international dimension of the European CO2 support capacity would be critical and that these aspects should be developed in parallel to, and in synergy with the definition and implementation of a European contributing system. It was also understood that this international dimension had both strategic, policy relevant and technical dimensions and the Commission and the relevant European institutional partners have started since several years to engage both bilaterally and multilaterally with the relevant stakeholders and counterparts to develop these relations. Specifically, CEOS will undertake, over the next few years,dedicated preparatory work in a coordinated international context, to provide cumulative added value to the specific programmatic activities of their member agencies. Concerted efforts have already begun in the context of the European Commission's Chairmanship of CEOS in 2018. It is recognized in the context of the European efforts, and increasingly by our international counterparts that a broad and holistic system approach is required to address the requirements which are represented by the climate policy, of which the satellite component, whilst important, cannot effectively be developed in isolation. This system indeed includes the satellite observing capability but in addition, the required modelling component and data integration elements, prior information, ancillary data and in situ observations delivered by essential networks.Acknowledging the need for an efficient coordination at international level for instance via the Global Atmosphere Watch programme of the World Meteorological Organisation is a key towards a successful implementation of appropriate actions to ensure the sustainability of essential networks, to enhance current network capabilities with new observations and to propose adequate governance schemes. Such actions to mitigate current network limitations are deemed critical to implementing the Copernicus CO 2 Monitoring & Verification Support capacity in its full strength.
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| 22. |
- Selmer, Maria, et al.
(author)
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Preparation of a crystallizable mRNA-binding fragment of Moorella thermoacetica elongation factor SelB
- 2002
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In: Acta Crystallographica. Section D: Biological Crystallography. - 1399-0047. ; 58, s. 1871-1873
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- SelB is a bacterial elongation factor required for the decoding of a UGA stop codon together with a specific mRNA hairpin to selenocysteine. In attempts to crystallize Moorella thermoacetica SelB, a proteolysis process occurred and crystals of a proteolytic fragment were observed. The crystals, which appeared after a year, contained a C-terminal 30 kDa fragment containing the mRNA-binding domain. This fragment was reproduced through recloning. Crystals diffracting to 2.7 Angstrom were obtained.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Tillmar, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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Homogeneity in mitochondrial DNA control region sequences in Swedish subpopulations
- 2010
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In: International journal of legal medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-9827 .- 1437-1596. ; 124:2, s. 91-98
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In order to promote mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) testing in Sweden we have typed 296 Swedish males, which will serve as a Swedish mtDNA frequency database. The tested males were taken from seven geographically different regions representing the contemporary Swedish population. The complete mtDNA control region was typed and the Swedish population was shown to have high haplotype diversity with a random match probability of 0.5%. Almost 47% of the tested samples belonged to haplogroup H and further haplogroup comparison with worldwide populations clustered the Swedish mtDNA data together with other European populations. AMOVA analysis of the seven Swedish subregions displayed no significant maternal substructure in Sweden (F (ST) = 0.002). Our conclusion from this study is that the typed Swedish individuals serve as good representatives for a Swedish forensic mtDNA database. Some caution should, however, be taken for individuals from the northernmost part of Sweden (provinces of Norrbotten and Lapland) due to specific demographic conditions. Furthermore, our analysis of a small sample set of a Swedish Saami population confirmed earlier findings that the Swedish Saami population is an outlier among European populations.
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