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1.
  • Ballan, M., et al. (author)
  • Nuclear physics midterm plan at Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL)
  • 2023
  • In: European Physical Journal Plus. - 2190-5444. ; 138:8, s. 3-26
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The next years will see the completion of the radioactive ion beam facility SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) and the upgrade of the accelerators complex at Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare – Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL) opening up new possibilities in the fields of nuclear structure, nuclear dynamics, nuclear astrophysics, and applications. The nuclear physics community has organised a workshop to discuss the new physics opportunities that will be possible in the near future by employing state-of-the-art detection systems. A detailed discussion of the outcome from the workshop is presented in this report.
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2.
  • Ciemala, M., et al. (author)
  • Testing ab initio nuclear structure in neutron-rich nuclei : Lifetime measurements of second 2(+) state in C-16 and O-20
  • 2020
  • In: Physical Review C. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993. ; 101:2
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • To test the predictive power of ab initio nuclear structure theory, the lifetime of the second 2(+) state in neutron-rich O-20, tau(2(2)(+)) = 150(-30)(+80) fs, and an estimate for the lifetime of the second 2(+) state in C-16 have been obtained for the first time. The results were achieved via a novel Monte Carlo technique that allowed us to measure nuclear state lifetimes in the tens-to-hundreds of femtoseconds range by analyzing the Doppler-shifted gamma-transition line shapes of products of low-energy transfer and deep-inelastic processes in the reaction O-18 (7.0 MeV/u) + Ta-181. The requested sensitivity could only be reached owing to the excellent performances of the Advanced gamma-Tracking Array AGATA, coupled to the PARIS scintillator array and to the VAMOS++ magnetic spectrometer. The experimental lifetimes agree with predictions of ab initio calculations using two- and three-nucleon interactions, obtained with the valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group for O-20 and with the no-core shell model for C-16. The present measurement shows the power of electromagnetic observables, determined with high-precision gamma spectroscopy, to assess the quality of first-principles nuclear structure calculations, complementing common benchmarks based on nuclear energies. The proposed experimental approach will be essential for short lifetime measurements in unexplored regions of the nuclear chart, including r-process nuclei, when intense beams, produced by Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) techniques, become available.
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3.
  • Hadynska-Klek, K., et al. (author)
  • Superdeformed and Triaxial States in Ca-42
  • 2016
  • In: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 117:6
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Shape parameters of a weakly deformed ground-state band and highly deformed slightly triaxial sideband in Ca-42 were determined from E2 matrix elements measured in the first low-energy Coulomb excitation experiment performed with AGATA. The picture of two coexisting structures is well reproduced by new state-of-the-art large-scale shell model and beyond-mean-field calculations. Experimental evidence for superdeformation of the band built on 0(2)(+) has been obtained and the role of triaxiality in the A similar to 40 mass region is discussed. Furthermore, the potential of Coulomb excitation as a tool to study superdeformation has been demonstrated for the first time.
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4.
  • Hadynska-Klek, K., et al. (author)
  • Quadrupole collectivity in Ca-42 from low-energy Coulomb excitation with AGATA
  • 2018
  • In: Physical Review C. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993. ; 97:2
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • ACoulomb-excitation experiment to study electromagnetic properties of Ca-42 was performed using a 170-MeV calcium beam from the TANDEM XPU facility at INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro. gamma rays from excited states in Ca-42 were measured with the AGATA spectrometer. The magnitudes and relative signs of ten E2 matrix elements coupling six low-lying states in Ca-42, including the diagonal E2 matrix elements of 2(1)(+) and 2(2)(+) states, were determined using the least-squares code GOSIA. The obtained set of reduced E2 matrix elements was analyzed using the quadrupole sum rule method and yielded overall quadrupole deformation for 0(1),(+)(2) and 2(1,2)(+) states, as well as triaxiality for 0(1,2)(+) states, establishing the coexistence of a weakly deformed ground-state band and highly deformed slightly triaxial sideband in Ca-42. The experimental results were compared with the state-of-the-art large-scale shell-model and beyond-mean-field calculations, which reproduce well the general picture of shape coexistence in Ca-42.
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5.
  • Hadynska-Klek, K., et al. (author)
  • Towards The Determination Of Superdeformation In Ca-42
  • 2013
  • In: Acta Physica Polonica B. - 0587-4254 .- 1509-5770. ; 44:3, s. 617-625
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The Coulomb excitation experiment to study electromagnetic structure of low-lying states in Ca-42 with a focus on a possible superdeformation in this nucleus was performed at the Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro in Italy. Preliminary values of the determined quadrupole deformation parameters for both the ground state band and the presumed superdeformed band are presented.
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6.
  • Avigo, R., et al. (author)
  • Low-lying electric dipole gamma-continuum for the unstable Fe-62,64 nuclei : Strength evolution with neutron number
  • 2020
  • In: Physics Letters B. - : ELSEVIER. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 811
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The gamma-ray emission from the nuclei Fe-62,Fe-64 following Coulomb excitation at bombarding energy of 400-440 AMeV was measured with special focus on E1 transitions in the energy region 4-8 MeV. The unstable neutron-rich nuclei Fe-62,Fe-64 were produced at the FAIR-GSI laboratories and selected with the FRS spectrometer. The gamma decay was detected with AGATA. From the measured gamma-ray spectra the summed E1 strength is extracted and compared to microscopic quasi-particle phonon model calculations. The trend of the E1 strength with increasing neutron number is found to be fairly well reproduced with calculations that assume a rather complex structure of the 1(-) states (three-phonon states) inducing a strong fragmentation of the E1 nuclear response below the neutron binding energy.
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7.
  • Kmiecik, M., et al. (author)
  • Spin-alignment and g-factor Measurement of the I=12+ Isomer in 192Pb Produced in the Relativistic-energy Fragmentation of a 238U Beam
  • 2010
  • In: European Physical Journal A. Hadrons and Nuclei. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6001. ; 45:2, s. 153-158
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The feasibility of measuring g-factors using the TDPAD method applied to high-energy, heavy fragmentation products is explored. The 2623 keV I-pi = 12(+) isomer in Pb-192 with tau = 1.57 mu s has been produced using the fragmentation of a 1 A GeV U-238 beam. The results presented demonstrate for the first time that such heavy nuclei produced in a fragmentation reaction with a relativistic beam are sufficiently well spin-aligned. Moreover, the rather large value of the alignment, 28(10)% of the maximum possible, is preserved during the separation process allowing the determination of magnetic moments. The measured values of the lifetime, tau = 1.54(9) mu s, and the g-factor, g = -0.175(20), agree with the results of previous investigations using fusion-evaporation reactions.
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8.
  • Lalkovski, S., et al. (author)
  • Core-coupled states and split proton-neutron quasiparticle multiplets in Ag122-126
  • 2013
  • In: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 87:3, s. 034308-
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Neutron-rich silver isotopes were populated in the fragmentation of a Xe-136 beam and the relativistic fission of U-238. The fragments were mass analyzed with the GSI Fragment Separator and subsequently implanted into a passive stopper. Isomeric transitions were detected by 105 high-purity germanium detectors. Eight isomeric states were observed in Ag122-126 nuclei. The level schemes of Ag-122,Ag-123,Ag-125 were revised and extended with isomeric transitions being observed for the first time. The excited states in the odd-mass silver isotopes are interpreted as core-coupled states. The isomeric states in the even-mass silver isotopes are discussed in the framework of the proton-neutron split multiplets. The results of shell-model calculations, performed for the most neutron-rich silver nuclei are compared to the experimental data.
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9.
  • Neyens, G., et al. (author)
  • g-Factor Measurements on Relativistic Isomeric Beams Produced by Fragmentation and U-fission: The g-RISING Project at GSI
  • 2007
  • In: Acta Physica Polonica. Series B: Elementary Particle Physics, Nuclear Physics, Statistical Physics, Theory of Relativity, Field Theory. - 0587-4254. ; 38:4, s. 1237-1247
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Within the RISING (Rare ISotope INvestigations @ GSI) Collaboration at GSI, g factor measurements have been performed on isomeric states in neutron-rich isotopes approaching Sn-132 and in the neutron deficient Pb-region (the g-RISING campaign). We present the experimental technique and some typical aspects related to such studies on relativistic beams selected with the FRS fragment separator. First results are presented for the (19/2(+)) 4.5 mu s isomeric state in Sn-127, which has been produced by means of fission of a relativistic U-238 beam on the one hand, and by the fragmentation of a relativistic Xe-136 beam on the other hand. Spin-alignment has been observed in both reactions. It was the first time that spin-alignment has been established in a relativistic fission reaction.
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10.
  • Lozeva, R. L., et al. (author)
  • New sub-us Isomers in 125Sn, 127Sn, 129Sn and Isomer Systematics of 124-130Sn
  • 2008
  • In: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 77:6
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • New sub-mu s isomers have been observed in the neutron-rich Sn isotopes. Sn-125,Sn-127,Sn-129 nuclei have been produced in a relativistic fission reaction of U-238 on a Be-9 target at 750 A.MeV and by the fragmentation of Xe-136 at 600 A.MeV populating high-spin yrast states. In addition to the already known mu s isomers, three new ones with sub-mu s half-lives have been observed. These yrast isomers are the high-spin members of the nu(d(3/2)(-1)h(11/2)(-2)) and nu h(11/2)(-n), seniority v = 3 multiplets leading to isomeric (23/2(+)) and (27/2(-)) states, respectively. Added to the already known 19/2(+)mu s isomers in this region the current work completes the systematic information of neutron-hole excitations toward the filling of the last h(11/2) orbital at N = 82. The results are discussed in the framework of state-of-the-art shell-model calculations using realistic interactions.
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11.
  • Pietri, S., et al. (author)
  • First Results from the Stopped Beam Isomer RISING Campaign at GSI
  • 2007
  • In: Acta Physica Polonica. Series B: Elementary Particle Physics, Nuclear Physics, Statistical Physics, Theory of Relativity, Field Theory. - 0587-4254. ; 38:4, s. 1255-1264
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The first results from a series of experiments focused on the study of the internal structure of nuclei at the extremes of N:Z ratio using isomer spectroscopy are reported. These experiments represent the first of the Stopped Beam section of the Rare Isotopes Investigations at GSI (RISING) project. Exotic nuclei were synthesized using relativistic projectile fragmentation of similar to 500 -> 1000 MeV/u beams of Ag-107, Pb-208, Xe-136 and Ni-58, or fission of 750 MeV/u U-238 provided by the SIS synchrotron at GSI. A detailed description of the RISING stopped beam set up is given, together with a report of the performance of the associated gamma-ray spectrometer array. Selected results of the first experimental campaign are presented together with a discussion on the use of isomeric spectroscopy to study GeV range nuclear fragmentation. Details on future research plans of this collaboration are also outlined.
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12.
  • Steer, S. J., et al. (author)
  • Isomeric States Observed in Heavy Neutron-rich Nuclei Populated in the Fragmentation of a 208Pb Beam
  • 2011
  • In: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 84:4
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Heavy neutron-rich nuclei were populated via the fragmentation of a E/A = 1 GeV Pb-208(82) beam. Secondary fragments were separated and identified and subsequently implanted in a passive stopper. By the detection of delayed gamma rays, isomeric decays associated with these nuclei have been identified. A total of 49 isomers were detected, with the majority of them observed for the first time. The newly discovered isomers are in Hg-204,205(80), Au-201,202,204,205(79), Pt-197,203,204(78), Ir-195,199-203(77), Os-193,197-199(76), Re-196(75), W-190,191(74), and Ta-189(73). Possible level schemes are constructed and the structure of the nuclei discussed. To aid the interpretation, shell-model as well as BCS calculations were performed.
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13.
  • Atanasova, L., et al. (author)
  • g-factor Measurements at RISING: The Cases of 127Sn and 128Sn
  • 2010
  • In: Europhysics Letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 0295-5075. ; 91:4
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We report on g-factor measurements of the 19/2(+) T-1/2 = 4.5(3) mu s isomer in Sn-127 and the 10(+) T-1/2 = 2.69(23) mu s isomer in Sn-128. These isomers were produced and spin-aligned in relativistic heavy-ion fragmentation at GSI and were selected and separated by the GSI fragment separator ( FRS). The gamma-rays of the isomeric decay were detected by the RISING gamma-ray spectrometer. The method of time-differential perturbed angular distributions was utilized. The measured g-factors, g(19/2(+); Sn-127) =-0.17(2) and g(10(+); Sn-128)=-0.20(4), are compared with shell model calculations. The measured g-factors confirm the predominantly nu h(11/2)(-2) and nu(s(1/2)(-1) h(11/2)(-2)) character of the 10(+) and 19/2(-) isomers in Sn-128 and Sn-127, respectively. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the method for similar measurements in exotic neutron-rich nuclei. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2010
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14.
  • Crespi, F. C. L., et al. (author)
  • Isospin Character of Low-Lying Pygmy Dipole States in Pb-208 via Inelastic Scattering of O-17 Ions
  • 2014
  • In: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 113:1, s. 012501-
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The properties of pygmy dipole states in Pb-208 were investigated using the Pb-208(O-17, O-17'gamma) reaction at 340 MeV and measuring the gamma decay with high resolution with the AGATA demonstrator array. Cross sections and angular distributions of the emitted gamma rays and of the scattered particles were measured. The results are compared with (gamma, gamma') and (p, p') data. The data analysis with the distorted wave Born approximation approach gives a good description of the elastic scattering and of the inelastic excitation of the 2(+) and 3(-) states. For the dipole transitions a form factor obtained by folding a microscopically calculated transition density was used for the first time. This has allowed us to extract the isoscalar component of the 1(-) excited states from 4 to 8 MeV.
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15.
  • Korten, W., et al. (author)
  • Physics opportunities with the Advanced Gamma Tracking Array : AGATA
  • 2020
  • In: European Physical Journal A. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6001 .- 1434-601X. ; 56:5
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • New physics opportunities are opening up by the Advanced Gamma Tracking Array, AGATA, as it evolves to the full 4 pi instrument. AGATA is a high-resolution gamma -ray spectrometer, solely built from highly segmented high-purity Ge detectors, capable of measuring gamma rays from a few tens of keV to beyond 10 MeV, with unprecedented efficiency, excellent position resolution for individual gamma -ray interactions, and very high count-rate capability. As a travelling detector AGATA will be employed at all major current and near-future European research facilities delivering stable and radioactive ion beams.
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16.
  • Pellegri, L., et al. (author)
  • Pygmy dipole resonance in Sn-124 populated by inelastic scattering of O-17
  • 2014
  • In: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 738, s. 519-523
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The gamma decay from the high-lying states of Sn-124 was measured using the inelastic scattering of O-17 at 340 MeV. The emitted gamma rays were detected with high resolution with the AGATA demonstrator array and the scattered ions were detected in two segmented Delta E-E silicon telescopes. The angular distribution was measured both for the gamma rays and the scattered O-17 ions. An accumulation of E1 strength below the particle threshold was found and compared with previous data obtained with (gamma,gamma') and (alpha,alpha'gamma) reactions. The present results of elastic scattering, and excitation of E2 and E1 states were analysed using the DWBA approach. From this comprehensive description the isoscalar component of the 1-excited states was extracted. The obtained values are based on the comparison of the data with DWBA calculations including a form factor deduced using a microscopic transition density.
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17.
  • Podolyak, Zs., et al. (author)
  • Structure of Neutron-rich Nuclei Around the N=126 Closed Shell; the Yrast Structure of 205Au up to Spin-parity I = (19/2+)
  • 2009
  • In: European Physical Journal A. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6001 .- 1434-601X. ; 42:3, s. 489-493
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Heavy neutron-rich nuclei have been populated through the relativistic fragmentation of a Pb-208(82) beam at E/A = 1 GeV on a 2.5 g/cm(2) thick Be target. The synthesised nuclei were selected and identified in-flight using the fragment separator at GSI. Approximately 300 ns after production, the selected nuclei were implanted in an similar to 8 mm thick perspex stopper, positioned at the centre of the RISING gamma-ray detector spectrometer array. A previously unreported isomer with a half-life T-1/2 = 163(5) ns has been observed in the N = 126 closed-shell nucleus Au-205(79). Through gamma-ray singles and gamma-gamma coincidence analysis a level scheme was established. The comparison with a shell model calculation tentatively identifies the spin-parity of the excited states, including the isomer itself, which is found to be I-pi = (19/2(+)).
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18.
  • Regan, P. H., et al. (author)
  • First Results from the Stopped RISING Campaign at GSI: The Mapping of Isomeric Decays in Highly Exotic Nuclei
  • 2007
  • In: AIP Conference Proceedings. - : AIP. - 0094-243X. - 9780735413283 ; 899, s. 19-22
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The first results from the Stopped Beam RISING experimental campaign performed at the GSI laboratory in Darmstadt, Germany, are presented. RISING (Rare ISotope INvestigations at GSI) constitutes a major new experimental program in European nuclear structure physics research aimed at using relativistic‐energy, projectile‐fragmentation reactions to study nuclei with exotic proton‐to‐neutron ratios. This paper introduces the physics aims of the Stopped RISING collaboration and presents some technical details and initial results from experiments using the RISING array to study decays from metastable nuclear states in both proton and neutron‐rich nuclei.
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19.
  • Rudolph, Dirk, et al. (author)
  • Exciting Isomers from the First Stopped-beam RISING Campaign
  • 2007
  • In: The European Physical Journal. Special Topics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 150, s. 173-176
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • First results are reported from a major new initiative of experiments, which focus on nuclear structure studies at extreme isospin values by means of isomer spectroscopy. The experiments represent the first part of the so-called stopped-beam campaign within the Rare ISotope INvestigations at GSI (RISING) project. Time-correlated gamma decays from individually identified nuclear species have been measured, allowing the clean identification of isomeric decays in a wide range of exotic nuclei both at the proton drip-line and in heavy, neutron-rich systems. An overview of the experimental technique will be given, together with the performance of the new germanium detector array and future research plans for the collaboration.
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20.
  • Steer, S. J., et al. (author)
  • Isomeric Decay Studies In Neutron-Rich N Approximate To 126 Nuclei
  • 2009
  • In: International Journal Of Modern Physics E-Nuclear Physics. - 0218-3013. ; 18:4, s. 1002-1007
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Heavy neutron-rich nuclei were populated via relativistic energy fragmentation of a E/A= 1 GeV Pb-208 beam. The nuclei of interest were selected and identified by a fragment separator and then implanted in a passive plastic stopper. Delayed. rays following internal isomeric decays were detected by the RISING array. Experimental information was obtained on a number of nuclei with Z=73-80 (Ta-Hg), providing new information both on the prolate-oblate transitional region as well as on the N=126 closed shell nuclei.
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21.
  • Steer, S. J., et al. (author)
  • Single-particle Behavior at N=126: Isomeric Decays in Neutron-rich 204Pt
  • 2008
  • In: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 78:6
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The four proton-hole nucleus Pt-204 was populated in the fragmentation of an E/A = 1 GeV Pb-208 beam. The yrast structure of Pt-204 has been observed up to angular momentum I = 10h by detecting delayed gamma-ray transitions originating from metastable states. These long-lived excited states have been identified to have spin-parities of I-pi = (10(+)), (7(-)), and (5(-)) and half-lives of T-1/2 = 146(14) ns, 55(3) mu s, and 5.5(7) mu s, respectively. The structure of the magic N = 126 Pt-204 nucleus is discussed and understood in terms of the spherical shell model. The data suggest a revision of the two-body interaction for N = 126, Z < 82, which determines the evolution of nuclear structure toward the r-process waiting point nuclei.
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22.
  • Wollersheim, HJ, et al. (author)
  • Rare ISotopes INvestigation at GSI (RISING) Using Gamma-ray Spectroscopy at Relativistic Energies
  • 2005
  • In: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5087 .- 0168-9002. ; 537:3, s. 637-657
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The Rare ISotopes INvestigation at GSI project combines the former EUROBALL Ge-Cluster detectors, the MINIBALL Ge detectors, BaF2--HECTOR detectors, and the fragment separator at GSI for high-resolution in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy measurements with radioactive beams. These secondary beams produced at relativistic energies are used for Coulomb excitation or secondary fragmentation experiments in order to explore the nuclear structure of the projectiles or projectile like nuclei by measuring de-excitation photons. The newly designed detector array is described and the performance characteristics are given. Moreover, particularities of the experimental technique are discussed.
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23.
  • Bracco, A, et al. (author)
  • Search for the GDR built on superdeformed nuclei
  • 2000
  • In: PHYSICA SCRIPTA. - : ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES. - 0281-1847. ; T88, s. 182-188
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • An experiment aiming at finding evidence for gamma-decay of the giant dipole resonance built on superdeformed nuclear states has been made using the EUROBALL gamma-detector array coupled to the large BaF2 detectors of the HECTOR system. The reaction Pd-11
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24.
  • Caceres, L. S., et al. (author)
  • Identification of Excited States in the N = Z Nucleus 82Nb
  • 2007
  • In: Acta Physica Polonica. Series B: Elementary Particle Physics, Nuclear Physics, Statistical Physics, Theory of Relativity, Field Theory. - 0587-4254. ; 38:4, s. 1271-1275
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Information on the first excited states in the N = Z = 41 nucleus Nb-82 sheds light on the competition of isospin T = 0 and T = 1 states in the A similar to 80 region. The measurement was performed at the GSI laboratory using fragmentation of a Ag-107 primary beam at 750 MeV/u on a 4 g/cm(2) Be-9 target. The fragments were separated and identified unambiguously in the FRagment Separator. Three excited states were observed and the half-life estimate for the isomeric state was extracted. A tentative spin assignment based on the isobaric analogue states systematics in the T-z = 1 nucleus Zr-82, and transition probabilities indicate T = 1 character of the first two excited states, and T = 0 for the isomeric state.
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25.
  • Crespi, F. C. L., et al. (author)
  • 1(-) and 2(+) discrete states in Zr-90 populated via the (O-17, O-17 'gamma) reaction
  • 2015
  • In: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 91:2
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • 2(+) and 1(-) states in Zr-90 were populated via the (O-17, O-17 'gamma) reaction at 340 MeV. The gamma decay was measured with high resolution using the AGATA (advanced gamma tracking array demonstrator array). Differential cross sections were obtained at few different angles for the scattered particle. The results of the elastic scattering and inelastic excitation of 2(+), 3(,)(-) and 1(-) states are compared with distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA) calculations, using both the standard collective form factor and a form factor obtained by folding microscopically calculated transition densities. This allowed to extract the isoscalar component of the 1(-) state at 6.424 MeV. The comparison of the present (17O, 17O 'gamma) data with existing (gamma,gamma') and (p, p') data in the corresponding region of the gamma continuum (6-11 MeV), characterized by a large E1 component, shows completely different behaviors of the cross section as a function of the nuclear excitation energy. The comparison of the data with DWBA calculations suggests a decrease of the isoscalar strength in the cross section with increasing excitation energy.
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