| 1. |
- Arnott, Shelley E., et al.
(författare)
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Widespread variation in salt tolerance within freshwater zooplankton species reduces the predictability of community-level salt tolerance
- 2023
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Ingår i: Limnology and Oceanography Letters. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2378-2242. ; 8:1, s. 8-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The salinization of freshwaters is a global threat to aquatic biodiversity. We quantified variation in chloride (Cl-) tolerance of 19 freshwater zooplankton species in four countries to answer three questions: (1) How much variation in Cl- tolerance is present among populations? (2) What factors predict intraspecific variation in Cl- tolerance? (3) Must we account for intraspecific variation to accurately predict community Cl- tolerance? We conducted field mesocosm experiments at 16 sites and compiled acute LC(50)s from published laboratory studies. We found high variation in LC(50)s for Cl- tolerance in multiple species, which, in the experiment, was only explained by zooplankton community composition. Variation in species-LC50 was high enough that at 45% of lakes, community response was not predictable based on species tolerances measured at other sites. This suggests that water quality guidelines should be based on multiple populations and communities to account for large intraspecific variation in Cl- tolerance.
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| 2. |
- Bolmgren, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
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Vårtecken i samhällets tjänst.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift. ; 104, s. 45-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Dahl, Åslög, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Phenology in Sweden.
- 2008
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Ingår i: NEKOVÁŘ, J., E. KOCH, E. KUBIN, P. NEJEDLIK, T. H. SPARKS, F.E. WIELGOLASKI, (eds) The history and current status of plant phenology in Enurope. COST Action 725: Establishing a European Data Platform for Climatological Observations – WG 1 Result Book.. - : Vammalan Kirjapaino Oy. - 9789514020919
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Eriksson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Integrated carbon analysis of forest management practices and wood substitution
- 2007
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Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Forest Research. - 0045-5067 .- 1208-6037. ; 37:3, s. 671-681
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The complex fluxes between standing and harvested carbon stocks, and the linkage between harvested biomassand fossil fuel substitution, call for a holistic, system-wide analysis in a life-cycle perspective to evaluate the impacts offorest management and forest product use on carbon balances. We have analysed the net carbon emission under alternativeforest management strategies and product uses, considering the carbon fluxes and stocks associated with tree biomass,soils, and forest products. Simulations were made using three Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forest managementregimes (traditional, intensive management, and intensive fertilization), three slash management practices (no removal, removal,and removal with stumps), two forest product uses (construction material and biofuel), and two reference fossilfuels (coal and natural gas). The greatest reduction of net carbon emission occurred when the forest was fertilized, slashand stumps were harvested, wood was used as construction material, and the reference fossil fuel was coal. The lowest reductionoccurred with a traditional forest management, forest residues retained on site, and harvested biomass was used asbiofuel to replace natural gas. Product use had the greatest impact on net carbon emission, whereas forest management regime,reference fossil fuel, and forest residue usage as biofuel were less significant.
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| 5. |
- Hebert, Marie-Pier, et al.
(författare)
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Lake salinization drives consistent losses of zooplankton abundance and diversity across coordinated mesocosm experiments
- 2023
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Ingår i: Limnology and Oceanography Letters. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2378-2242. ; 8:1, s. 19-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human-induced salinization increasingly threatens inland waters; yet we know little about the multifaceted response of lake communities to salt contamination. By conducting a coordinated mesocosm experiment of lake salinization across 16 sites in North America and Europe, we quantified the response of zooplankton abundance and (taxonomic and functional) community structure to a broad gradient of environmentally relevant chloride concentrations, ranging from 4 to ca. 1400 mg Cl- L-1. We found that crustaceans were distinctly more sensitive to elevated chloride than rotifers; yet, rotifers did not show compensatory abundance increases in response to crustacean declines. For crustaceans, our among-site comparisons indicate: (1) highly consistent decreases in abundance and taxon richness with salinity; (2) widespread chloride sensitivity across major taxonomic groups (Cladocera, Cyclopoida, and Calanoida); and (3) weaker loss of functional than taxonomic diversity. Overall, our study demonstrates that aggregate properties of zooplankton communities can be adversely affected at chloride concentrations relevant to anthropogenic salinization in lakes.
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| 6. |
- Hintz, William D., et al.
(författare)
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Current water quality guidelines across North America and Europe do not protect lakes from salinization
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 119:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human-induced salinization caused by the use of road deicing salts, agricultural practices, mining operations, and climate change is a major threat to the biodiversity and functioning of freshwater ecosystems. Yet, it is unclear if freshwater ecosystems are protected from salinization by current water quality guidelines. Leveraging an experimental network of land-based and in-lake mesocosms across North America and Europe, we tested how salinization—indicated as elevated chloride (Cl−) concentration—will affect lake food webs and if two of the lowest Cl− thresholds found globally are sufficient to protect these food webs. Our results indicated that salinization will cause substantial zooplankton mortality at the lowest Cl− thresholds established in Canada (120 mg Cl−/L) and the United States (230 mg Cl−/L) and throughout Europe where Cl− thresholds are generally higher. For instance, at 73% of our study sites, Cl− concentrations that caused a ≥50% reduction in cladoceran abundance were at or below Cl− thresholds in Canada, in the United States, and throughout Europe. Similar trends occurred for copepod and rotifer zooplankton. The loss of zooplankton triggered a cascading effect causing an increase in phytoplankton biomass at 47% of study sites. Such changes in lake food webs could alter nutrient cycling and water clarity and trigger declines in fish production. Current Cl− thresholds across North America and Europe clearly do not adequately protect lake food webs. Water quality guidelines should be developed where they do not exist, and there is an urgent need to reassess existing guidelines to protect lake ecosystems from human-induced salinization.
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| 7. |
- Jin, Hongxiao, et al.
(författare)
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Disentangling remotely-sensed plant phenology and snow seasonality at northern Europe using MODIS and the plant phenology index
- 2017
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Ingår i: Remote Sensing of Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-4257 .- 1879-0704. ; 198, s. 203-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Land surface phenology is frequently derived from remotely sensed data. However, over regions with seasonal snow cover, remotely-sensed land surface phenology may be dominated by snow seasonality, rather than showing true plant phenology. Overlooking snow influences may lead to inaccurate plant phenology estimation, and consequently to misinterpretation of climate-vegetation interactions. To address the problem we apply the recently developed plant phenology index (PPI) to Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data for estimating plant phenology metrics over northern Europe. We compare PPI-derived start and end of the growing season with ground observations by professionals (6 sites) and nonprofessional citizens (378 sites), with phenology metrics derived from gross primary productivity (GPP, 18 sites), and with data on the timing of snow cover. These data are also compared with land surface phenology metrics derived from the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) using the same MODIS data. We find that the PPI-retrieved plant phenology agrees with ground observations and GPP-derived phenology, and that the NDVI-derived phenology to a large extent agrees with the end-of-snowmelt for the start-of-season and the start-of-snowing for the end-of-season. PPI is thereby useful for more accurate estimation of plant phenology from remotely sensed data over northern Europe and other regions with seasonal snow cover.
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| 8. |
- Josefsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Utvärdering av gemensamt delprogram Fenologi - Naturens kalender, 2015-2020
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport är en utvärdering av den första programperioden 2015-2020 för det gemensamma delprogrammet Fenologi – Naturens kalender, program-område Landskap. Den ska fungera som ett underlag inför det fortsatta arbetet med delprogrammet under kommande programperiod för åren 2021-2026.Län som deltar i delprogrammet län ska genom att bygga upp ett länseget nätverk av ideella fenologiobservatörer i samarbete med Sveriges Lantbruks-universitet och Svenska fenologinätverket. I utvärderingen ser vi över del-tagande läns förmåga att leverera underlag till miljömålsindikatorn ”Växternas växtsäsong”, som används för att följa upp miljömålet ”Begränsad klimat-påverkan”. Vi redovisar även resultat från en webbenkät som skickats ut till landets fenologiväktare.Det är viktigt att under den nuvarande programperiod (2021-2026) fokusera på att:Värva fler fenologiväktare inom deltagande län! Viktigt att alla län når upp till den uppskattade miniminivån på 6 rapportörer per län.Öka antalet rapporter av indikatorns arter och faser för att höja kvalitén på underlaget.Ge en löpande återkoppling till aktiva fenologiväktare, både från SLU:s nationella samordnare och från Länsstyrelsernas kontakt-personer.Fortsätta pågående arbete med att flytta över datalagringen till Artdatabankens databaser.Fastställa undersökningstypen.
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| 9. |
- Karlsson, Per Erik, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Negative impact of ozone on the stem basal area increment of mature Norway spruce in south Sweden
- 2006
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127. ; 232:1-3, s. 146-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relative annual basal area increment of mature Norway spruce trees in south-central Sweden during 9 years was used as the response variable and analysed in relation to ozone exposure, meteorological conditions, soil moisture and stand characteristics. The method used was a modified multiple regression analysis, allowing for dependencies between observations from the same plots. The selected statistical model explained 91% of the variation in the annual relative basal area increment. The strongest explanatory variable was the stand basal area, followed by the temperature sum and the soil moisture index. After these three variables, the ozone index was the most important variable. Its effect was negative and highly significant. The average daylight ozone concentration gave a slightly better model fit as compared to the accumulated exposure during daylight hours above a threshold of 40 nmol mol−1 (AOT40). The predicted effect of ozone within the range of annual ozone exposures found in this study (18008700 nmol mol−1 h AOT40), was in absolute values a 0.8% decrease in the relative annual basal area increment. This could be compared with the mean relative annual increment measured during the study period of 4.6%. Our results provide statistical evidence that ground level ozone can have a negative impact on the stem growth of mature Norway spruce trees under field conditions.
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| 10. |
- Kindberg, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Fluctuating mast production does not drive Scandinavian brown bear behavior
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Wildlife Management. - : Wiley. - 0022-541X .- 1937-2817. ; 83, s. 657-668
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bears often rely on soft or hard mast during fall hyperphagia when they increase body mass in preparation for winter hibernation. Studies of North American and Japanese bear populations suggest they respond to years of mast crop failure by increasing movement rates and roaming farther, with an increase in human-wildlife conflicts. In southcentral Sweden, brown bears (Ursus arctos) primarily feed on bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and lingonberry (V. vitis-idaea) during hyperphagia. We hypothesized that berry production affects movement, activity, and space use behaviors of bears in Sweden, which have the potential to increase human-bear encounters. We tested whether seasonal activity patterns, human settlement visits, and clearcut selection ratios were affected by bilberry and lingonberry productivity between 2007 and 2017 with linear and generalized linear mixed effect models. Contrary to our expectations, we did not find that bears moved more or maintained larger home ranges in years of low berry production. Bears were slightly more active in years of higher bilberry production, but variation in behavior was primarily explained by demographic group and individual differences. Bears rarely visited human settlements and the number of visits did not increase in relation to shortage of natural foods. Likewise, population-level selection for clearcuts was unrelated to berry production but reflected a differential food search behavior in the 2 peak berry seasons, with higher clearcut selection ratios during the lingonberry season. Only 12 bears regularly used agricultural fields, which were too few to relate field visits to berry production, but all bears visited fields more often during the later lingonberry season. We suggest that weaker fluctuations in berry production, a continuous spatial distribution of berries, and an apparent absence of forage-limiting exploitative intra- or interspecific competition contribute to brown bears in Scandinavia being less food limited than bears in North America or Japan, which might help to explain the low number of human-bear conflicts in Sweden. Factors potentially influencing encounters and actual or perceived conflict between bears and humans differ among populations because of a different distribution of natural and non-natural food resources or differences in the magnitude of variation in food abundance among years. These data are important to consider when communicating causes of human-wildlife conflicts to the public. (c) 2018 The Wildlife Society.
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| 11. |
- Kullberg, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Change in spring arrival of migratory birds under an era of climate change, Swedish data from the last 140 years
- 2015
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 44, s. S69-S77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many migratory bird species have advanced their spring arrival during the latest decades, most probably due to climate change. However, studies on migratory phenology in the period before recent global warming are scarce. We have analyzed a historical dataset (1873-1917) of spring arrival to southern and central Sweden of 14 migratory bird species. In addition, we have used relative differences between historical and present-day observations (1984-2013) to evaluate the effect of latitude and migratory strategy on day of arrival over time. There was a larger change in spring phenology in short-distance migrants than in long-distance migrants. Interestingly, the results further suggest that climate change has affected the phenology of short-distance migrants more in southern than in central Sweden. The results suggest that the much earlier calculated arrival to southern Sweden among short-distance migrants mirrors a change in location of wintering areas, hence, connecting migration phenology and wintering range shifts.
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| 12. |
- Langvall, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Berry production drives bottom-up effects on body mass and reproductive success in an omnivore
- 2018
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Ingår i: Oikos. - : Wiley. - 0030-1299 .- 1600-0706. ; 127, s. 197-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obligate herbivores dominate studies of the effects of climate change on mammals, however there is limited empirical evidence for how changes in the abundance or quality of plant food affect mammalian omnivores. Omnivores can exploit a range of different food resources over the course of a year, but they often rely on seasonally restricted highly nutritious fruiting bodies during critical life stages. Brown bears Ursus arctos in Sweden are dependent on berries for fattening before entering hibernation. We used a ten-year time series to evaluate the effect of temperature and snow on annual variation in berry abundance and how this variation affected bears. We found marked interannual variation in berry production of bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus and lingonberry V. vitis-idaea, that we could attribute in part to temperature during plant dormancy and flowering and precipitation during fruit ripening. Both, autumn weights of female bears and spring weights of yearling bears increased linearly with bilberry abundance. When bilberry abundance was low, lightweight female bears had a lower reproductive success than females in better condition. This effect vanished when food abundance was above average, indicating that lightweight females could compensate for their initial weight during good bilberry years. Our study highlights the importance of considering individuals' dynamic responses to variation in food availability, which leave some more vulnerable to food shortage than others. Individual life-history heterogeneity in response to resource variation likely affects long-term population recruitment. Our findings emphasize that Scandinavian bears can be dependent on a single food resource during a critical period of the year and are therefore less resilient to environmental change than expected for an omnivore. Future climate scenarios predict ambiguous trends for weather covariates that affected crucial stages of berry phenology, preventing a clear prognosis of how climate change may affect long-term bilberry production.
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| 13. |
- Langvall, Ola
(författare)
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Impact of climate change, seedling type and provenance on the risk of damage to Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings in Sweden due to early summer frosts
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 26, s. 56-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A model including site-specific microclimate-affecting properties of a forest regeneration area together with seedling characteristics was used to evaluate the accumulated risk of frost damage to Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings. Climate change in Sweden was simulated on the basis of the regional climate model RCA3. The daily average temperature, the driving factor for bud burst in the model, was adjusted using the difference between the mean of the climate model data for the years 1961-1990 and 2036-2065. The model was run for a highly frost prone, clear-cut site in which bare-rooted Norway spruce seedlings of mid-Swedish provenance were planted. Alternate runs were conducted with data for containerized seedlings and seedlings of Belarusian origin. The study showed that bud burst will occur at earlier dates throughout Sweden in the period 2036-2065 if the climate changes according to either of the climate scenarios examined, compared to the reference period 1961-1990. Furthermore, the risk of damage to Norway spruce seedlings as a result of frost events during summer will increase in southern Sweden and be unaffected or decrease in northern Sweden. The risk of frost damage was exacerbated in containerized seedlings, while the risk was lower for the seedlings of Belarusian provenance when compared with bare-rooted seedlings or seedlings of mid-Swedish origin.
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| 14. |
- Langvall, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term standardized forest phenology in Sweden: a climate change indicator
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Biometeorology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0020-7128 .- 1432-1254. ; 65, s. 381-391
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Because climate change alters patterns of vegetative growth, long-term phenological measurements and observations can provide important data for analyzing its impact. Phenological assessments are usually made as records of calendar dates when specific phase changes occur. Such assessments have benefits and are used in Citizen Science monitoring. However, these kinds of data often have low statistical precision when describing gradual changes. Frequent monitoring of the phenological traits of forest trees and berries as they undergo gradual change is needed to acquire good temporal resolution of transitions relative to other factors, such as susceptibility to frosts, insects, and fungi, and the use of berries as a food resource. Intensive weekly monitoring of the growth of apical and branch buds and the elongation of shoots and leaves on four tree species, and the abundance of flowers and berries of bilberry and lingonberry, has been performed in Sweden since 2006. Here, we present quantitative methods for interpolating such data, which detail the gradual changes between assessments in order to describe average rates of development and amount of interannual variation. Our analysis has shown the active growth period of trees to differ with latitude. We also observed a change in the timing of the maximum numbers of ripening berries and their successive decline. Data from tree phenology assessments can be used to recommend best forestry practice and to model tree growth, while berry data can be used to estimate when food resources for animals are most available.
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| 15. |
- Langvall, Ola
(författare)
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Marknära ozon i Asa : Årsrapport 2013
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Året 2013 är sjunde året med marknära ozonmätningar i Asa, sedan vi fick uppdraget av luftvårdsförbunden i Jönköpings och Kronobergs län att fortlöpande studera bakgrundshalten av marknära ozon i det typiska skogslandskapet. Från och med i år ingår ozonmätningen i Asa i det nationella nätverket, som bekostas av Naturvårdsverket.Tyvärr finns en större lucka i datafångsten från årsskiftet fram till 15:e januari 2013. Delar av årets resultat påverkas alltså av denna halva månads bortfall av data, men eftersom den inföll på den del av året när vi inte förväntar oss några extrema värden, bör åtminstone mätstationens toppnoteringar finnas med.Ozonhalten, beräknat som ett medelvärde över 8 timmar, översteg under år 2013 gränsvärdena 70 μg/m³ och 120 μg/m³ under 204 respektive 2 dagar (Figur 1), vilket var det högsta uppmätta hittills, när det gäller det nedre gränsvärdet. Det absoluta maxvärdet på 128,5 μg/m³, som inträffade den 6 augusti, var dock det lägsta som uppmätts hittills.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Langvall, Ola
(författare)
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Marknära ozon i Asa : Årsrapport 2017
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Årsrapport 2017. Redovisning av mätdata för år 2017 från Asa-stationen. Ozonhalt resp AOT40 samt antal timmar som saknar data.
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| 18. |
- Langvall, Ola
(författare)
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Marknära ozon i Asa : Årsrapport 2014‐2015
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Månadsmedelvärden av marknära ozonhalt i Asa år 2014 och 2015, samt redovisning över antalet timmar därdata saknas i respektive månad. Sammanställning av faktorer och gränsvärden samt utfallet av ozonhalten i Asa åren 2007 – 2010 och år 2012 – 2015
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| 19. |
- Langvall, Ola
(författare)
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Marknära ozon i Asa : Årsrapport 2016
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Månadsmedelvärde av marknära ozonhalt och summa AOT40 i Asa år 2016, samt redovisning över antalettimmar där data saknas i respektive månad.Sammanställning av faktorer och gränsvärden samt utfallet av ozonhalten i Asa åren 2007 – 2010 och år 2012 – 2016
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| 20. |
- Langvall, Ola
(författare)
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Marknära ozon i Asa : Årsrapport 2018
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sammanställning av faktorer och gränsvärden samt utfallet av ozonhalten i Asa åren 2007 – 2010 och år 2012 – 2018.
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| 21. |
- Langvall, Ola
(författare)
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Marknära ozon i Asa : Årsrapport 2019
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Månadsmedelvärde av marknära ozonhalt och summa AOT40 i Asa år 2019. Data för uppföljning av Miljökvalitetsmålet Frisk luft.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Langvall, Ola
(författare)
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Marknära ozon i Asa : Årsrapport 2022
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten utgör en resultatredovisning över mätningarna av marknära ozon under 2022, vilket fungerar som underlag för regional och nationell miljömålsuppföljning under hösten 2023.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Langvall, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of Environmental Factors Affecting Initial Growth of Norway Spruce Seedlings
- 2012
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Ingår i: Silva Fennica. - : Finnish Society of Forest Science. - 0037-5330 .- 2242-4075. ; 46, s. 27-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the study was to create a near optimal environment for seedling establishment and growth, without the restrain of water and nutrients but under climate conditions typical for the region. This to give us valuable knowledge about the growth potential of different seedling types in the field. The experimental site was situated in southern Sweden. Six treatment combinations were applied including two site treatments; 1) soil inversion, i.e. the control treatment, and 2) soil inversion, drip irrigation and fertilization combined with plastic cover mulch, i.e. the optimization treatment, and three seedling types of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.), (a) a 2-year-old Plug+1 seedling, (b) a 1.5-year-old containerized seedling and (c) a 10-week-old mini seedling. Effects on seedling nutrient status and growth were studied during the first three years after planting. Height, diameter and biomass of the seedlings grown in the optimized environment were significantly greater than for seedlings grown in the control. The Plug+1 seedlings grown in the optimization treatment had, after three years, reached a height of 124 cm, while the containerized seedlings were 104 cm and the mini seedlings 45 cm. In practical plantations, this height is usually gained after 5-10 years depending on planting conditions. Biomass partitioning did not differ between optimization treatments, but between seedling types. The mini seedlings allocated less biomass to the roots and more biomass to needles and stem in comparison with the two other seedling types. Mini seedlings also broke bud earlier. Throughout the experimental period, seedling nutrient status for all treatment combinations was followed and a balanced nutrient supply of macro- and micronutrients was given in the optimization treatment. Nutrient concentrations were constantly higher in seedlings grown in the optimization treatment, but the difference decreased over time. Results from this study shows that, by improving site conditions associated with fast establishment, growth check can be avoided.
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